This book provides an in-depth look at fluid turbulence: the archetypal non-linear, non-equilibrium problem of statistical physics which has witnessed significant progress in recent years, facilitated by advances in laser anemometry, computer technology, and theoretical methods from quantum physics. A fully integrated work, The Physics of Fluid Turbulence approaches its subject as a universal phenomenon with a universal behavior. It includes a concise summary of the theory and practice of turbulence science up to 1960, followed by a detailed analysis of more recent developments in this area, including a rigorous formulation of the turbulence problem as an example of a non-equilibrium statistical system with strong coupling, along with the application of renormalized perturbation theory. Designed for those new to the subject, the book will also be useful to those who are familiar with the study of turbulence but have not yet approached the subject utilizing the theoretical methods from quantum physics that are covered here.