Àâòîðèçàöèÿ
Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì
Bashe C.J., Johnson L.R., Pugh E.W. — IBM's Early Computers
Îáñóäèòå êíèãó íà íàó÷íîì ôîðóìå Íàøëè îïå÷àòêó?
Íàçâàíèå: IBM's Early ComputersÀâòîðû: Bashe C.J., Johnson L.R., Pugh E.W.Àííîòàöèÿ: In describing the technical experiences of one company from the beginning of the computer era, this book unfolds the challenges that IBM's research and development laboratories faced, the technological paths they chose, and how these choices affected the company and the computer industry. It chronicles the transformation of IBM into a computer company in a remarkably few years, discussing projects that ended in frustration as well as the more successful ones, and providing a sense of the atmosphere, the people, and the decision-making processes involved during the company's rapid technological transformation. IBM's Early Computers is a unique contribution to the modern history of computers. It focuses on engineering alternatives rather than business and general management considerations and reveals the significance of imaginative solutions to problems in design and technology, from initial experiments with electronics in digital machines to the threshold of the System 360 era. This fair and balanced account of IBM's role in shaping today's electronic revolution identifies the individuals (both inside and outside the company) whose pioneering work influenced developments at IBM. The book's fourteen chapters briefly survey the card machine era and then cover electronic calculation, the magnetic drum calculator, the Defense Calculator and other first-generation products, ferrite core memories, magnetic tape, and disk storage development, programming, transistors, "Project Stretch" (which involved disappointments but led to one of IBM's greatest successes) high-speed printers, research, and new-product-line considerations. Charles J. Bashe, Lyle R. Johnson, John H. Palmer, and Emerson W Pugh are senior members of the staff at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center, each with many years of technical and managerial experience in the developments they describe. IBM's Early Computers is included in the History of Computing Series, edited by I. Bernard Cohen and William Aspray.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Òåõíîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1986Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 716Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 11.04.2010Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Magnetic-tape storage on Defense Calculator 134 141 Magnetic-tape storage on NORC 182 212 Magnetic-tape storage vs. punched cards 80 109—110 190—194 Magnetic-tape storage, in Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory 109 194 195—230 Magnetic-tape storage, label records 362 363 Magnetic-tape storage, NRZI (non-retum-to-zero-IBM) recording 200—202 Magnetic-tape storage, on Test Assembly and TPM 111 113—114 121—122 124 Magnetic-tape storage, phase encoding 228 Magnetic-tape storage, plastic vs. metal 188 195—196 Magnetic-tape storage, recording methods 121 196—202 228 Magnetic-tape storage, skew effects 121—122 212 227 Magnetic-tape storage, Society of Actuaries study 176—177 632n123 Magnetic-tape storage, starting and stopping 202—210 Magnetic-tape storage, vacuum column 124 206—210 Maiman, T.H. 564 Manufacturing, CRT for Williams-tube memory 126—127 Manufacturing, Defense Calculator 145—146 151 159—161 162—163 Manufacturing, electromechanical skills applied 573 Manufacturing, ferrite cores 262—265 270 Manufacturing, ferrite-core arrays 265—267 268 270 Manufacturing, project transfer into 546—547 Manufacturing, transistor circuit packaging 406—411 Manufacturing, transistors 387 399—406 Marchant Research Corporation 632n113 Marcy, H. Tyler 680n115 Mark I. see "Harvard University Mark Mark-sensing reproducer 275 Maron, Melvin E. 646n25 MARS (Modular Access Random Storage) 311 Martin, Harold F. 645n10 Mason, Daniel R. 338 339 340 347 350 Masterson, J.L. 678n100 Mauchly, John W., at Harvard 1947 symposium 77—78 652n20 Mauchly, John W., BINAC 59 627n27 Mauchly, John W., EDVAC 110 Mauchly, John W., EDVAC subroutines 318 Mauchly, John W., ENIAC 57 58 Mauchly, John W., magnetic tape for EDVAC 189 Mauchly, John W., patent on revolver 166—167 621n79 Mauchly, John W., UNIVAC 59 627n27 McClelland, William F. 323 325—327 328 332 614n54 McDowell, W. Wallace, corporate staff function head 184 McDowell, W. Wallace, Defense Calculator planning 131 135 143 146—147 McDowell, W. Wallace, director of engineering 88—89 274 377 526 McDowell, W. Wallace, electronic multiplier suggestion 44 McDowell, W. Wallace, ferrite-core memories 252 255 McDowell, W. Wallace, Fox Hill study on research 544—545 McDowell, W. Wallace, joins IBM 16 McDowell, W. Wallace, laboratory manager 17 273 McDowell, W. Wallace, large-computer plans 423—430 454 McDowell, W. Wallace, Magnetic Drum Calculator 78 86 88—89 96 101 McDowell, W. Wallace, NORC recommendation 133 McDowell, W. Wallace, on airline reservation systems 517 McDowell, W. Wallace, on post-World War II hiring 103 McDowell, W. Wallace, on WWAM program 468 McDowell, W. Wallace, pure research management committee 531—533 McDowell, W. Wallace, San Jose laboratory inception 273—276 McDowell, W. Wallace, tape handling study 202 McDowell, W. Wallace, transistors 387 402 McDowell, W. Wallace, vice-president for research and engineering 422 543 McDowell, W. Wallace, Zuerich laboratory 550—552 McPherson, John C., business programming language 363—364 McPherson, John C., director of engineering 33 McPherson, John C., EDPM planning 423 424 435 McPherson, John C., engineering expansion 273—274 McPherson, John C., Future Demands department 17 McPherson, John C., joins IBM 17 McPherson, John C., Magnetic Drum Calculator 73—74 79—80 81—82 86 88 89 99 McPherson, John C., magnetic-tape project 102 McPherson, John C., magnetic-tape studies 190—194 McPherson, John C., memory requirements 231 McPherson, John C., NORC contract 133 McPherson, John C., on computer compatibility 579 McPherson, John C., on government support in electronics 525—526 McPherson, John C., on long-range research 377 McPherson, John C., on transistor use 380—381 McPherson, John C., programming research 355 357 McPherson, John C., pure research management committee 531—533 McPherson, John C., relay calculator and electronic multiplier 46 McPherson, John C., SSEC planning 47—50 MDC see "Magnetic Drum Calculator" Meagher, Ralph E. 454 Memory see also "CRT memories" "Ferrite-core "Magnetic-core "Magnetic-drum "Selectron "Williams-tube Memory protection in Stretch 453 Memory, early proposals 231—233 271—272 Memory, mercury-delay-line 58 92 110—111 Memory, Selectron 113 622n31 Memory, spin-echo 533 534 Mercury-delay-line memories 58 92 110—111 Merwin, Richard E. 633n127 671n64 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company 364 Michelson —Morley experiment 536 MICR (magnetic-ink character recognition) 494 498—502 Microwave logic 567—568 MIFD (Materiel Information Flow Device) 279 281 283 Military Products Division 441 569 Milliard Company 259 Minneapolis-Honey well Regulator Company 219 490 583 Minority charge carriers 374 Missile program 130 134 MIT and Lincoln Laboratory, differential analyzer 24 MIT and Lincoln Laboratory, ferrite-core memory 241—248 262—263 380 MIT and Lincoln Laboratory, Hollerith 2 MIT and Lincoln Laboratory, MIT Radiation Laboratory 108 MIT and Lincoln Laboratory, SAGE project 243—248 MIT and Lincoln Laboratory, transistors 380—381 391 MIT and Lincoln Laboratory, Whirlwind project 108 111 240—241 243 245 335 341 656n79 Mitchell, George E. 613n38 Mitchell, Grace E. 351 Mohansic IBM laboratory 555—556 Monroe Calculating Machine Company 25 632n113 645n16 Monsanto Chemical Company 633n128 Monte Carlo analysis 398—399 422 Moore School of Electrical Engineering see "University of Pennsylvania" Mork, Ralph G. 468—469 Multiprogramming 181 370—371 453 Mussell, Howard A. 112 147 174 671n64 Mutter, Walter E. 126 404 537 558 678n96 N-type semiconductors 373 NAND circuit 41 National Bureau of Standards 103 168 280 525 National Cash Register Corporation (NCR) 1 172 499 583 National Physical Laboratory (U.K.) 92 318 652n20 National Security Agency see "NSA" Naval Ordnance Laboratory 132—133 181 NCR 304 computer 475 Noell, Newton G. 667n100 Nolan, John J. 647n48 Noll, A.R. 682n22 NOR circuit 41 42 NORC (IBM Naval Ordnancc Research Calculator) 132—133 137 181—183 212 419 421 422 423—424 633n133 Nordyke, H. William, Jr. 635n39 678n99 North American Aviation, Inc. 349 356—357 359 361 Northrop Aircraft, Inc. 69—71 74 615n61 Norton, J.M. 650n88 NRZI (non-retum-to-zero-IBM) recording 200—202 287 NSA (National Security Agency), ferrite-core memory from ERA 246—248 NSA (National Security Agency), Harvest system 225 227 260 437—439 443 456 NSA (National Security Agency), Lightning project 569 NSA (National Security Agency), magnetic logic 540—541 NSA (National Security Agency), Plantation task 428—429 437 Nutt, Roy 342 354 OCR (Optical Character Recognition) 495—497 502—505 Office of Naval Research (ONR) 137 614n57 Olsen, Kenneth H. 249 255 Open method of search 351—352 648n61 see Operating systems 358—361 367 581 583 operation code 78 324 325 328 331 353 592 594 655n63 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 162 Optimum programming 91—92 165—166 Organizational changes in IBM, EDPM director 179—180 251 416—417 Organizational changes in IBM, product divisions 306 449 475 512 576—577 Organizational changes in IBM, research as separate function 301 431 544—550 Organizational changes in IBM, Williamsburg conference 183—184 435 510 548 576 p-type semiconductors 373 PACT (Project for the Advancement of Coding Techniques) 348—349 359 Page, Ralph E. 9 20 59 615n66 Paley, Maxwell O. 462—463 Palmer, Ralph L., 604 calculator 59—63 66—67 Palmer, Ralph L., 608 calculator and MAC program 462—463 Palmer, Ralph L., 7090 computer 446—447 Palmer, Ralph L., advanced development 454 572 Palmer, Ralph L., area manager system 472 Palmer, Ralph L., Defense Calculator project 130—136 161 626n17 Palmer, Ralph L., early magnetic recording investigations 189 Palmer, Ralph L., early transistor use 385—387 Palmer, Ralph L., EDPM role 417—418 422 Palmer, Ralph L., electronic multiplier and cross-footing keypunch 44 Palmer, Ralph L., electronics experiments 34—35 37 Palmer, Ralph L., ferrite core fabrication 261 Palmer, Ralph L., Harvard 1949 symposium 234 Palmer, Ralph L., IBM Fellow appointment 456 Palmer, Ralph L., influence on IBM engineering and technology 212 414 476 Palmer, Ralph L., intermediate-speed printer study 489 Palmer, Ralph L., joins IBM 34 Palmer, Ralph L., Magnetic Drum Calculator evaluations 86 94 Palmer, Ralph L., management roles 34 122 133 184 301 377 462—463 526 543 548 Palmer, Ralph L., management style 117—118 541—542 Palmer, Ralph L., NORC recommendation 133 Palmer, Ralph L., on 1410-1401 compatibility 474—476 Palmer, Ralph L., on WWAM program 468 470 Palmer, Ralph L., pure research management committee 532 Palmer, Ralph L., research in Poughkeepsie 536—544 544—550 Palmer, Ralph L., SMS development 406—414 Palmer, Ralph L., storage requirements task force 304 Palmer, Ralph L., Stretch project role 392—395 426—430 454 Palmer, Ralph L., TPM role 117—118 126 130—131 Palmer, Ralph L., transistor application 223 255 256 384 Palmer, Ralph L., transistor production automation 399 Palmer, Ralph L., Williams-tube memory 104 111 Palmer, Ralph L., World War II service 59 61 Paper-tape storage 49—53 506—507 510 Papian, William N. 242 Papo, Maurice 675n24 Paris, Robert E. 678n88 Partridge, Ralph S. 642n77 643n95 Patent Development department 35 36 373—378 Patents, awards program 271 Patents, consent decree 271 Patents, ferrite-core memories 267—272 Patents, Forrester patent litigation 269—271 Patents, IBM policy 271 526 573 Patents, in Poughkeepsie laboratory 118 Patents, Peirce, J. Royden 9—10 14 Patents, Pendery, Donald W. 618n36 Patents, Perkins, Glen E. (Ed) 645n12 Patents, TDB (Technical Disclosure Bulletin) 271 PERM (Parallel Elektronische Rechen Machine) 551 Personal automatic calculator 185 505—507 530 Phelps, Byron E., electronic cross-footing punch 44—45 Phelps, Byron E., electronic multipliers 44—46 Phelps, Byron E., flip-flops and counters 37—44 Phelps, Byron E., joins the Poughkeepsie laboratory 60—61 Phelps, Byron E., magnetic-tape project 110—114 194—200 206 Phelps, Byron E., magnetic-tape sorter 126 Phelps, Byron E., NORC assessment 419 Phelps, Byron E., NRZI recording invention 200 Phelps, Byron E., SSEC project 51 Phelps, Byron E., TPM project 118 121—123 126 Phelps, Byron E., transistor development 541 Philco Corporation 391 392 417 428 490 583 Philips Corporation (N.V. Philips’ Gloeilampenfabrieken) 259 263—264 Phosphor research 540 Photocopier technology 554 Phototransistors 376 Piore, Emanuel Ruben, basic research thrust 549—550 553—556 Piore, Emanuel Ruben, joins IBM 435 548—549 Piore, Emanuel Ruben, on project selection 567 Piore, Emanuel Ruben, on Social Security page reader 503 Piore, Emanuel Ruben, Research mission defined 566 Piore, Emanuel Ruben, vice-president for research and engineering 565 570 Plantation project 428 437 Plugboard 6 8 13 17 62 71 296 462 468 469 see Pluggable unit see "Vacuum tube circuits pluggable Plugged program 58 62 71 169 316—317 333—334 462 464 467—469 507 Plugwire 13 17 Point-contact transistors see also "Transistors" Point-contact transistors, bistability of 379 Point-contact transistors, current gain in 378—379 Point-contact transistors, early circuits 373—374 376 378—379 381 Point-contact transistors, fabrication 374—376 379—380 Point-contact transistors, forming 375—376 Point-contact transistors, invention 372 373 Point-contact transistors, multifunction devices 388—390 Pointers (IBM publication) 618n41 Poley, Stanley 351 Pomerene, James H. 443 688n122 Potter Instrument Company 490 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, atmosphere and growth 59—61 118 194 275 541—542 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, bank check mechanization 498 499—500 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, Defense Calculator project initiation 95 131—136 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, Magnetic Drum Calculator evaluations 86 93—94 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, magnetic-tape projects 194—230 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, NORC project 182 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, research in 536—544 545—548 Poughkeepsie IBM laboratory, rivalry with Endicott laboratory 93 100 464—465 470 Poughkeepsie IBM plant 96 98 145—146 151 159—161 162—163 346 Poulsen, Valdemar 187—188 Powers Accounting Machine Company 6 12 Powers, James 6 7 10 14 Printing and printers 480—495 Printing and printers, bar 478 489 493—494 Printing and printers, chain 452 472 473 480 489—495 Printing and printers, CRT-micro film 488—489 Printing and printers, ferromagnetographic 487 Printing and printers, IBM Selectric typewriter 482 521 Printing and printers, MICR 494 498 500 Printing and printers, stick 296 467 482 483 Printing and printers, train 480 491 494—495 Printing and printers, wheel and drum 481—482 490—491 Printing and printers, wire matrix 482—487 Process control 510—513 Product announcement practice 163—164 Proebster, Walter E. 551—552 687n96 Program step 316 317 327—328 Programmed Component Inserter (PROSERT) 407—408 Programming languages see "COBOL language" "Commercial "COMTRAN "FLOW-MATIC "FORTRAN "Interpretive Programming Research department 344 345 346 354—355 357 363 417 Programs 315—371 see "Compilers" "Control "Demonstration "Diagnostic "Input-output "Interpretive "Operating "RPG" "Simulator "Sort "Subroutines" "Utility Programs, complexity 316—317 Programs, development organization and procedures 354—355 357—358 371 Programs, estimating and scheduling 350 360—361 Programs, evolution 316—317 Programs, for evaluation of computers 89 142—143 143—144 162—163 165 169—170 442 Programs, shared use and development 317—318 347—349 Programs, technology development 355 369 371 Progressive digiting 22 608n32 Project High see "SAGE" Prudential Insurance Company 80 190 194 Punched card 2 3 5—6 11—12 192—193 Quade, Edward 646n25 Quarles, Donald A., Jr. 614n54 Rabenda, Edward J. 14 59 236—238 Rabi, I.I. 528 533 Rabinow, Jacob 279—280 Radio Receptor Corporation 400 Radio tubes see "Vacuum tubes" "Thyratrons" Rajchman, Jan A. 249 269—270 623n31 RAMAC see IBM 305 RAMAC Ramo — Wooldridge Company 490
Ðåêëàìà
|
|
Î ïðîåêòå