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Leverenz H.W. — An introduction to luminescence of solids
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Íàçâàíèå: An introduction to luminescence of solidsÀâòîð: Leverenz H.W. Àííîòàöèÿ: This book is designed to provide an introductory and useful description of luminescent solids, particularly artificial (man-made) phosphors, in language comprehensible to science graduates. Much of the material is drawn from personal experience in synthesizing, studying, and applying luminescent solids since 1931, that is, during the recent era of intensive phosphor research which made possible such modern developments as electronic television, "fluorescent" lighting, radar, electron microscopy, and devices for seeing many otherwise invisible forme of energy. Although the book is intended for nonspecialists in luminescence, it is expected that it will be useful as a text in training future specialists and in aiding scientists who wish (a) to refresh and increase their knowledge of solid matter and its interactions with radiations and charged material particles, and (b) to use phosphors for detecting radiation and material particles.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Èçäàíèå: 1st editionÃîä èçäàíèÿ: 1950Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 569Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 20.08.2009Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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cub.- 107 cub.- 107 cub.- 91 110 167 228 232 240 244 255 291 293 371 cub.- 243 cub.- 222 238 cub.- 167 232 244 291 cub.- 107 cub.-(Ca:Sr)S:Bi 299 408 411 414 cub.-(Zn:Cd)S:Ag 239 cub.-(Zn:Cd)S:[Zn:Cd] 243 cub.-AgBr 118 140 cub.-BaFCl 423 cub.-BaO 118 cub.-BaO:Sm 107 cub.-BaS:Sm 107 cub.-C (diamond) 47 110 487 cub.-Ca(S:Se):Sm:Eu 308 cub.-CaO 118 cub.-CaO:Pb 232 338 cub.-CaO:Pr:Sm 300 cub.-CaO:Sm 107 108 cub.-CaS:Bi 240 319 323 373 391 411 cub.-CaS:Sm 107 340 cub.-CaS:Sm:Bi 339 340 cub.-CaS:Sm:Eu 308 cub.-CaS:Sm:Pb 339 cub.-CdO 161 cub.-CdS 84 161 cub.-CsCl 46 47 cub.-CsCl:Sb 96 98 280 cub.-KBr 118 140 cub.-KCl 46 47 51 70 88 95 140 146 147 310—312 454 477—479 484—487 cub.-KCl:Ag 165 243 272 298 312 378 cub.-KCl:Cu 298 378 cub.-KCl:Mn 378 cub.-KCl:Sb 64 89 96 240 243 385 cub.-KCl:Tl 64 81 94 168 231 272 285 289 cub.-KF 118 cub.-LiBr 118 cub.-LiF 118 cub.-MgO 118 cub.-MgO:Sm 107 108 cub.-MgS:Sb 64 65 72 180 241 243 364 377—379 428 429 465 466 cub.-MgS:Sm 107 cub.-MnS 118 cub.-NaBr 118 cub.-NaCl 86 128 140 cub.-NaCl:Ag 298 cub.-NaCl:Cu 298 cub.-NaCl:Mn 102 cub.-NaF 118 cub.-NaI:Tl 81 424 465 cub.-RbBr 118 cub.-RbI:Tl 232 338 cub.-Sr(S:0):Bi 233 cub.-Sr(S:Se):Sm:Eu 48 66 67 87 170 175 180—182 286 298 302 303 306—308 312 323 379 469 cub.-SrO 118 cub.-SrO:Sm 107 cub.-SrS:Ag:Pr 339 cub.-SrS:Bi 373 cub.-SrS:Eu 240 cub.-SrS:Sm 107 cub.-SrS:Sm:Ce 87 170 276 306—308 cub.-SrS:Sm:Eu 181 193 276 278 279 302 304 306 308 322 373 cub.-Zn (S:Se:Te):Cu 294 cub.-Zn(S:Se) 87 93 95 cub.-Zn(S:Se):Ag 142 201 202 213 239 344 379 461 cub.-Zn(S:Se):Cu 142 202 207 213 344 cub.-Zn(S:Se):Mn 204 205 213 cub.-Zn(S:Se):[Zn] 142 200 202 213 379 cub.-ZnS 46—51 59 86 88 91 95 115 118—123 161 477—480 487 cub.-ZnS:Ag 94 120—123 127 145 162 167 197 201 202 206 211 217 243 244 289 290 295 330 333 343 344 350 356 358 360 366 373 383 401 408 428 430 440—442 445 479 480 cub.-ZnS:Ag:Cu 255 cub.-ZnS:Ag:Ni 333 334 350 411 cub.-ZnS:Au 203 211 343 cub.-ZnS:Cu 65 71 74 94 120—123 127 139 145 162 167 177 178 198 203 208 211 215 217 240 289 294 296 334 343 344 348 373 391 cub.-ZnS:Cu:Mn 255 256 cub.-ZnS:Mn 66 71 89 94 120—122 127—129 167 168 171 193 204 207 217 240 289 331 333 371 391 478 cub.-ZnS:Sm 107 cub.-ZnS:[Zn] 99 119—123 127 162 163 167 178 196 200 202 203 206 208 211 217 220 244 251 280 289 294 343 361 373 391 403 437 cub.-ZnS:[Zn]:Cu 208 cub.-ZnS:[Zn]:Mn 123 127 361 cub.-ZnS:[Zn]:Ni 334 344 cub.-ZnS:[Zn]:P 241 438 cub.-ZnSe 46 51 84 86 95 cub.-ZnSe:Ag 162 201 244 364 373 cub.-ZnSe:Cu 162 202 207 373 cub.-ZnSe:Mn 162 204 205 207 cub.-ZnSe:[Zn] 99 162 200 207 220 244 373 Curie 462 Dana, E.S. 485 Daniels, F. 1 Dark burn 388 449 Dark-trace screens 460 see de Broglie, M. 4 Deaggregation of crystals 381—385 Decay 150 261 301 454—459 Decay, "constant", apparent 265—269 272 277 293—295 298 Decay, "tails" 305 329 330 375 Decay, bimolecular 270 366 Decay, concave-downward 454—456 458 Decay, constant 257 293—295 366 Decay, curve 261 Decay, effect, of excitation time on 261 277 278 281 Decay, effect, of intensity of excitation on 262—265 277 279—281 Decay, effect, of kind of excitant on 262 264 277—279 289 Decay, effect, of operating temperature on 264—281 298 Decay, effect, of phosphor constitution on 289—298 Decay, exponential 121 151 255—269 366—373 Decay, monomolecular 257 366 Decay, nonexponential 121 Decay, phosphors versus scotophors 454 470 Decay, power-law 169 252 203—281 366 456 457 Deceleration radiation 156 158 483 Defect structure 45 Deficiency structure 45 233 235 328— Definition in images 448 Deflection of cathode rays 428 Degeneracy 16 35 117 Degeneracy, removal of 107—109 Density of energy levels in bands 36 114 117 120 Destriau, G. 392 393 Detail contrast 447 Detection, of gamma rays 424— 426 Detection, of infrared 469 470 Detection, of luminescence radiation 63 136 401—407 463—465 Detection, of neutrons 468 Detection, of surface flaws and cracks 410 Detection, of thermal radiation 469 Detectors 4 63 80 136 399—407 463—465 Deutschbein, O. 108 109 Diamagnetism 20 391 diamond 47 452 485—487 Dielectric constants of crystals 51 70 155 156 390 Dielectric properties of phosphors 390—392 Dielectric-cell bolometer 470 Diffraction 3 4 7 Diffraction by solids 113 117 Diffusion, of impurities 100—102 Diffusion, of reactants 71 Dipole 11 25 32 33 Dipole moment 24 25 32 149 Dipole radiation 149 150 Dirac, P.A.M. 5 16 Directed valence 28 Directional bonding 28 97 Disordered structure 45 Distortions in crystals 52—54 Domain, imperfection 52 57 58 Domain, magnetic 20 21 Dominant activator 274 Dyes 146 148 Echoes, simulated 470 471 Edge emission bands 99 100 162 175 197 200—202 218—220 251 340 361 362 435 483 Effective luminescence efficiency 316 Efficiency, of luminescence 71—80 312— Efficiency, of x-ray fluorescence 467 Efficiency, relative 315 Efficiency, standards 75 195 Einstein, A. 5 Electric conduction of phosphors 145 146 390—392 Electric conduction of solids 120 127—130 Electric conduction, bombardment-induced 129 Electric conduction, stimulated 301—304 Electric conduction, versus glow curve 179 Electroluminescence 148 152 Electromagnetic spectrum 403 Electron "shells" 17—20 27 33 58 Electron "shells", incomplete (unfilled) 20 58 104—112 140 Electron affinity 22 35 Electron cloud 12 19 27 28 41 104 149 484—487 Electron cloud, fluctuations of 19 25—27 32 89 144 Electron spin 7 8 16—21 35 58 Electron trap 57 58 73 309 312 331 335—337 346 348 366 367 375 380 390 393 Electron velocities in solids 113 114 127 Electron volt 6 60 Electron volt, per simple molecule 60 Electron, excited 36 37 132—135 Electron, in periodic field 112—117 Electron, interaction with other electrons 7 9 19 20 Electron, localization of 4 5 Electron, negative-energy 5 6 Electron, positive-energy 2 4—9 Electron, wavelength of 4 5 7 8 14 27 36 Electron-microscope phosphors 461 Electronic configurations 111 Electronic excitation, optical versus thermal 144 145 Electronic transitions 18—21 29 58 104—135 Electrons, mean free path of, in solids 129 Electrons, mean free path of, trapped 52 55 57 58 Electrons, mean free path of, valence 140 Elementary particles 6—9 486 487 Ellickson, R.T. 305—307 313 Emission activator 274 Emission band, double 231—235 Emission band, multiple 123 Emission band, origin 184 Emission band, shape 208—210 Emission band, temperature variation 218 219 Emission band, width 138 150 185 186 245—245 252 254 255 258 Emission band, width, origin of 251 259 260 281—284 Emission lines 185 186 188 Emission lines, natural breadth of 149 150 Emission spectra 2 29—31 98—100 104 105 112—124 162 183—252 254—256 327—330 352 409 Emission spectra, during and after excitation 254—256 288 Emission spectra, during stimulation 299 300 304 Emission spectra, temperature variation 184—194 410 411 Emission types 104 105 Emission, anisotropic 109 Emission, selective 197 200 210 212 360—362 375 Enamels, luminescent 414 Energy 2—5 173 Energy "bit" 155 156 317 318 321 322 349 353 Energy band 29—31 35—39 54—58 112—124 Energy band, conduction 35 36 54—58 114—135 Energy band, filled 6 35 36 54—58 114—124 Energy band, overlapping 145 Energy band, width 37 54—58 118 119 133 Energy deficit 21 51 169 277 Energy degradation 1 130—132 140— 336 337 345 346 348 362 367 Energy level 6 18 19 29 30 35—39 54—58 70 103—135 Energy level, allowed 5 6 122 Energy level, crossover 131 132 Energy level, discrete 36 54—58 106—112 117 118 133 Energy level, due to imperfections 55—58 122—126 Energy level, excited-state 19 35—38 54—58 114—126 131—135 281—289 Energy level, forbidden 5 6 122 Energy level, ground-state 18—20 29 30 35—37 54—58 131—135 281—289 Energy level, indeterminacy of 149 Energy level, overlapping 103 128 129 133 134 Energy level, trapping 122—124 131—135 Energy level, vibrational 29—31 37—38 55 131 132 144 Energy loss as heat 31 38 130—132 281—289 Energy losses in solids 154—159 Energy of excitants 136 137 Energy of luminescence photons 136 483 Energy state 14 36 103—135 Energy storage 1 2 148—151 176—183 299—311 Energy transfer 97 172—176 256 320—322 337 Energy transmission in solids 53 112—117 130 131 Energy, activation 23 33 49—51 54 132 134 144 146 Energy, attraction 11 15 32 33 Energy, binding 11 15 22 24 51—55 109 486 487 Energy, Coulomb 8 9 11 13 15 17 52 Energy, exchange 9 11 24 27 33 39 52 140 Energy, excitation 5 6 18 19 29—31 34—37 51 54—58 Energy, free 6 50 63 116 125 Energy, ionization 15—19 Energy, kinetic 3 7 9 15 19 22 23 29 31 50 112 117 123 Energy, potential 3 4 7 9 15 22—26 28—30 41 49 50 117 131 Energy, radiant 2 4 Energy, repulsion 11 15 33 Energy, rotational 143 Energy, saturation 11 Energy, self 6 8 15 137 Energy, surface-tension 11 Energy, total 9 15 33 50 96 104 114 116 Energy, van der Waals 11 24 33 81 Energy, vibrational 142—144 Energy, zero-point 29 Energy-level diagrams 6 18 28—31 35—39 54—58 103 104 107 108 114—135 208 217 256 258—260 281—289 Energy-level diagrams, mercury atom 248 entropy 50 61 96 Eosin, 248 252 Epstein, D.W. 358 Exchange 9 11 310 see Exchange effect 17 20 26 Exchange forces 410 exchange interaction 336 337 341 Excitant 76 122 146—148 152 Excitant, penetration of 126 128 Excitation 6 18 19 21 51 107—126 131—135 141 142 Excitation additivity 171 Excitation by alpha particles see "Ionoluminescence" Excitation by electrons see "Cathodoluminescence" Excitation by gamma rays see "Roentgenoluminescence" Excitation by ultraviolet see "Photoluminescence" Excitation by x rays see "Roentgenoluminescence" Excitation density 170 277 349 397 Excitation energy, minimum 156 165 Excitation intensity 170 Excitation intensity, effect on multiband spectra 197 200 210 212 Excitation of phosphorescence 168—170 Excitation of phosphors 64—68 84 89 90 97 99 152 153 Excitation spectra 162—170 340 342 Excitation spectra, temperature variation 163 166 Excitation, effect on optical properties 397 Excitation, intermittent 261 290 291 Excitation, modulated versus unmodulated 354—360 367 368 Excitation, unmodulated (steady) 253 254 262—268 272 273 280 292 295—297 Excited state 36 131—135 Excited state, natural lifetime of 148—151 Exciton 35 55—57 119 130 131 Exclusion principle 16 36 54 115 Exponential decay 121 151 168 169 252—269 277 281—285 287—295 299 300 305 Exponential decay, pictorial representation of mechanism 282 283 Exponential decay, temperature-dependent 269—272 Exponential decay, temperature-independent 256—269 296 298 379 F centers 58 309—311 Facilities for phosphor research 61—63 73—75
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