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Bardi J.S. — Calculus Wars: Newton, Leibniz, and the Greatest Mathematical Clash of All Time
Bardi J.S. — Calculus Wars: Newton, Leibniz, and the Greatest Mathematical Clash of All Time



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Íàçâàíèå: Calculus Wars: Newton, Leibniz, and the Greatest Mathematical Clash of All Time

Àâòîð: Bardi J.S.

Àííîòàöèÿ:

Now regarded as the bane of many college students’ existence, calculus was one of the most important mathematical innovations of the seventeenth century. But a dispute over its discovery sewed the seeds of discontent between two of the greatest scientific giants of all time — Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
Today Newton and Leibniz are generally considered the twin independent inventors of calculus, and they are both credited with giving mathematics its greatest push forward since the time of the Greeks. Had they known each other under different circumstances, they might have been friends. But in their own lifetimes, the joint glory of calculus was not enough for either and each declared war against the other, openly and in secret.
This long and bitter dispute has been swept under the carpet by historians — perhaps because it reveals Newton and Leibniz in their worst light — but The Calculus Wars tells the full story in narrative form for the first time. This vibrant and gripping scientific potboiler ultimately exposes how these twin mathematical giants were brilliant, proud, at times mad and, in the end, completely human


ßçûê: en

Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà/

Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö

ed2k: ed2k stats

Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2006

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 277

Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 30.04.2008

Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, and history of Brunswick — Luneberg family      144 147—150
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Arnauld correspondence      123 146
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, as phdosopher      116 123 154 203 233—234
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, as phdosopher, theology      107 183—184
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, as phdosopher, universal language      52—53 109—110
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, as political strategist      57—60 64—65
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, as rationalist      225
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Berlin Society of Sciences and      188—91
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Bernoulli and      123 142 206—208 216—217 223
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, betterment of society as goal of      103—104 106—107
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Boineburg and      54—56 60 64
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, brachistochrone problem solved by      157
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, calculus attributed to      5 9 122
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, calculus invented by      viii 9 51—52 86—87
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, calculus wars and      see “Calculus wars”
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, calculus, notation for      86—87 123 180 215 244
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, career, appointed court historian      145
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, career, at court of Hanover      77—78 103—104 105—112 148
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, career, Boineburg counselor      54—60
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, career, pursues law career in Mainz      53—54 55
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, childhood      15 17—19
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, China studies      146 241
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Clarke correspondence      227
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, coins term calculus      9
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, death and funeral of      231—232
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, description of      240
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, education      18—19 23—24 52—53
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, elected to Acaderrue des Sciences      180
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, elected to Royal Society      69
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Fatio and      141 175—179
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, geology and      112 150
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, George Ludwig and      175 229—230
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Germany/Italy trip (1687—1690)      143—147
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Huygens and      61—63 72 153
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, illness of      230—231
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, in Paris      58—65 71—73 75—79 93—94
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, in Vienna      203—20 206 214
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, inventions of      61 (see also “Calculus”)
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, inventions of, calculating machine      67—69 78—79 91 94 154
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, inventions of, folding chair      145—146
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, inventions of, windmill      110—111
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, isolation of, at Hanover      167 203 206
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Johann Friedrich and      106 110
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Keill and      184—187 193—196
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, London visits      64—65 67—71 94—96
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, marriage contemplated      167
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, mathematics, envisioned uses of      114—115
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, mathematics, studies of      61—64 72—73 79 86
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newton correspondence (1676—1677)      88 90—93 97—99 117—118 125
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newton correspondence (1693)      155
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newton correspondence (1696)      162
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newton correspondence (1716)      222—224
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newton mentions in Pnnapia      125 220 240
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newton not credited by      117
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newton praised by      178 193—194
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Newtonian worldview and      224—228
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, obituaries for      232
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Oldenburg correspondence      67 71 78 81—85 88
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on gravitation      130 131—132 224—228
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on health care/medicine      146—147
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on Newton’s contribution to calculus      117
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on Newton’s health      162
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on Opticks      182 196—197
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on own lack of knowledge      71
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on planetary motion      130—132 226
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on Pnnapia      131
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on reunification of Christian churches      107
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, on theology      107 183—184
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Peter the Great and      201
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, plagiarism accusations against      70—71 176—177 184—185
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, political pamphlets written by      56 57
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, publications on calculus      viii 9 116—117 122—123
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, reputation of      9—10 51 154 232—234
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, reputation of, redemption of, in 19th century      244—246
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, scholarship of      24
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, scientific societies envisioned by      109—110 188—190 203—204
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, sdver mine scheme      108—112
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, travels from Paris to Hanover      93—97
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings      see also names of specific works
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings on binary numbers      180
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings on calculus      9 116—117 122—123 221—222
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings on law      53 55
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings on Louis XIV      133
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings on philosophy      24 52 77 123 154 203
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings on planetary motion      131—132
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings on theology      107 183—184
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, writings political pamphlets      56 57
Leibnizhaus, Hanover      102—103 240
Leipzig      16 24 53
Lely, Peter      136
Lght      see also “Optics”
Lght, contemporary theories of      43—44
Lght, Newton’s theory of      2 33 43—46 89
Lichtenstern, Christian Habbeus von      76
Lilly, William      31
Linus, Franciscus      49
Locke, John      141 151 161 234
Logarithm calculations (Newton)      35—36
London, great fire of      38—40
London, Leibniz visits      64—65 67—71 94—96
London, Newton in      163 169—173
London, plague epidemic (1665)      31—33
Louis XIV, King of France, declares war (1688)      135—136
Louis XIV, King of France, declares war against Dutch      59—60
Louis XIV, King of France, plans war against Dutch      56 57 58
Louis XIV, King of France, retains control of Lorraine      132—133
Louis XIV, King of France, Schonborn audience with      64
Louis XIV, King of France, underwrites Charles II      134
Louvois, Marquis de      138
Lunar eclipse      31
Lunar motion      161—162 211
Luneberg, dukes of      104
Luther, Martin      56 107
Lutheran/Catholic reconciliation, Leibniz on      107
L’Hopital, Marquis de      141 154 157
Mainz      55—57
Malpighi, Marcello      80
Mars Christianissimus (Leibniz)      133
Mary II, Queen of England      136 173
Marzarin, Cardinal      59
Mathematical advances, in seventeenth century      12
Mathematical challenges      155—157 208—209
Mathematics, history of      7—8
Mathematics, Leibniz’s vision for      114
Medicine, Leibniz on      146—147
Mencke, Otto      115 116 117 131
Mental breakdown (Newton)      158—159
Mercator, Nicholas      37 41
Mercury poisoning      158
Method of exhaustion flip      7
Methods of Fluxions (Newton)      243—244
Micrographia (Hooke)      47 89
Mines      108—112
Mint, Newton as administrator of      3 162—163 169—173
Monadologie (Leibniz)      203
Monreau de Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis      235
Montague, Charles      151 161 162
Montmort, Remond de      217 224
Morland, Samuel      69
Motion, analysis of      6—7 30 128 131—132
Mouton, Gabriel      70
Mulberry trees      190
Music, and mathematics      115
Napoleon      59
Neale, Thomas      173
Netherlands      see “Holland”
Newton, Hannah Ayscough      21—22
Newton, Isaac, alchemical studies      22 112—113 114
Newton, Isaac, ancient chronology of      113—114
Newton, Isaac, as Cambridge student      25 27—31 36
Newton, Isaac, as Royal Society president      5 181 191—192
Newton, Isaac, aversion to publishing      4 5 49 72 95
Newton, Isaac, Bernoulli and      209 217
Newton, Isaac, brachistochrone problem solved by      157
Newton, Isaac, business ineptness of      24—25
Newton, Isaac, calculus invented by      vii—viii 5 30—31 35—36
Newton, Isaac, calculus wars and.      see “Calculus wars”
Newton, Isaac, Cambridge lectures on algebra      192
Newton, Isaac, career at British mint      3 162—163 169—173
Newton, Isaac, career at Cambridge      30 36—38 41—49 192
Newton, Isaac, childhood      19 21—24
Newton, Isaac, death and funeral of      237—239
Newton, Isaac, education      22 23 24—25 36
Newton, Isaac, elected to Parliament      137 150
Newton, Isaac, elected to Royal Society      43
Newton, Isaac, Fatio friendship      138—141 160—161
Newton, Isaac, fire destroys papers of      159—160
Newton, Isaac, Flamsteed dispute      161—162 211
Newton, Isaac, Grantham years      28 33—36
Newton, Isaac, gravitation theory.      see “Gravitation universal
Newton, Isaac, Halley and      120—121 123—124
Newton, Isaac, Hooke correspondence on planetary motion      118—119
Newton, Isaac, Hooke disputes      4—5 46—48 68 89 124 211
Newton, Isaac, Huygens and      49 89 139 153
Newton, Isaac, in London      163 169—173
Newton, Isaac, Keill collaboration      196—197 213
Newton, Isaac, knighted      2 182
Newton, Isaac, Leibniz correspondence (1676—1677)      88 90—93 97—99 117—118 125
Newton, Isaac, Leibniz correspondence (1693)      155
Newton, Isaac, Leibniz correspondence (1696)      162
Newton, Isaac, Leibniz correspondence (1716)      222—224
Newton, Isaac, mental breakdown of      157—161
Newton, Isaac, monuments and accolades to      235—236
Newton, Isaac, Newton, Isaac (father)      21
Newton, Isaac, on calculus      5—6 35—37 243—244 “De
Newton, Isaac, on gravitation      33—34 128—130
Newton, Isaac, on mechanics of motion      33 128—129
Newton, Isaac, on nature of gravity      130 225
Newton, Isaac, on optics      4 45 89
Newton, Isaac, on planetary motion      121 128—129
Newton, Isaac, optics theory      1—5 33 42—46 89
Newton, Isaac, reflecting telescope invented by      42—43
Newton, Isaac, reputation of      1 2 137 234—236
Newton, Isaac, sexuality of      139—140
Newton, Isaac, theological studies      112—113 114
Newton, Isaac, Wallis publishes mathematics work of      151—154
Newton, Isaac, work habits of      2—3 27—29
Newton, Isaac, writings      see also “Principia; names of specific works”
Newtonian worldview, Leibniz’s rejection of      224—228
Nijmegen, treaty of      97
Nizolius      87
Noble families, histories of      144—145 147—150
Notation for calculus      see “Calculus notation
Nova Methodus Pro Maximus el Minimus (Leibniz)      116
Observationes diametrorum solis et lunae (Mouton)      70
Oldenburg, Henry      45 67—69
Oldenburg, Henry, accused of spying      82
Oldenburg, Henry, death of      100
Oldenburg, Henry, Hooke accuses of spying      81
Oldenburg, Henry, Leibniz correspondence      67 71 78 81—85 88
Oldenburg, Henry, Leibniz/Newton letters and      81—85
Oldenburg, Henry, Royal Society and      80
Oldenburg, Henry, scientific discourse/publication and      79—80
Oldenburg, Henry, translates Historiola      90
On the Inverse Method of Fluxions (Cheyne)      181
Opticks (Newton)      see also “On the Quadrature of Curves”
Opticks (Newton), anni mirabilis and      5 33
Opticks (Newton), Einstein on      2
Opticks (Newton), impact of      1—5
Opticks (Newton), Leibniz on      182 196—197
Opticks (Newton), Principia and      137
Opticks (Newton), publication of      1—5 182
Optics, Newton’s work on      3—5 33 42—46 89
Ottoman Empire      58 135
Pardies, Ignatius      49
Paris, Leibniz in      58—65 71—73 75—79 93—94
Pascal, Blaise      8 67 72 79
Peace of Augsburg      56
Pell, John      70 199
Pepys, Samuel, as Royal Society president      192
Pepys, Samuel, Newton letters to      161
Pepys, Samuel, on great fire of London      38 39
Pepys, Samuel, on Micrographia      47
Pepys, Samuel, on plague      32—33
Pepys, Samuel, Principia publication and      127
Perier, Etienne      79
Peter the Great, Czar of Russia      201
Pfalz, Ruprecht von der      96
Philosophiae Naturalis Pnncipia Mathematica      see “Principia”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Craig’s articles on calculus      122
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, founding of      41—42 79—80
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Newton on optics in      4 43 45
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Newton’s defense of Commercium Epistolicum      215
Phosphorus, manufacture of      105
Placcius, Vincent      149
Plagiarism accusations, Leibniz accused of      176—177 184—185 193 212
Plagiarism accusations, Newton accused of      9—10 152
Plagiarism accusations, “affair of the eyebrow”      70—71
Plague epidemic (1665)      31—33
Planetary motion, Hooke and      118—119
Planetary motion, Kepler and      48
Planetary motion, Leibniz on      131—132 226
Planetary motion, Newton and      120—121
Planetary motion, vortex theory and      129 131—132 226
Poetry, and mathematics      115
Political upheaval, in seventeenth century      11
Principia (Newton), anni mirabilis and      33
Principia (Newton), contents of      128—130
Principia (Newton), dedication of      135
Principia (Newton), error found in      209
Principia (Newton), Halley instigates writing of      121
Principia (Newton), Leibniz correspondence mentioned in      125 220 240
Principia (Newton), presented to Royal Society      123—124
Principia (Newton), publication of      3 118 127
Principia (Newton), reaction to      128 130—131
Principia (Newton), revised editions of      137 141 209 240
Protestant reformation      107
Protestant/Catholic reconciliation, Leibniz on      107
Protestantism      56
Protestants      see also “Huguenots”
Protogaea (Leibniz)      150
Ptlgnm’s Progress (Bunyan)      48
Publishing industry, great fire of London and      40—41
Publishing industry, scientific publishing      79—80 87—88
Quadrature of circle      72—73 92
Quadratures      86
Rahpson, Joseph      220 232
Ramazzini, Bernardino      146—147
Reflecting telescope      42—43
Regnauld, Francois      70
Roberval, Gilles Personne de      8 72
Royal Academy of Sciences.      see “Academie des Sciences”
Royal Society of London, declares Newton first inventor of calculus      200
Royal Society of London, Fatio elected to      139
Royal Society of London, history of      65—66
Royal Society of London, Leibniz meets with      65 67—69
Royal Society of London, Leibniz’s appeals to, on Keill accusations      193—196 198—201 219
Royal Society of London, Newton as president      181 191—192
Royal Society of London, Newton elected to      43
Royal Society of London, Oldenburg and      80
Royal Society of London, Principia and      123—124 127
Royal Society of London, reflecting telescope presented to      42—43
Royal Society of London, typical program for      45
Russell, Bertrand      103 149 233
Sanuto, Marino      58
Scholium of Pnnapia (Newton)      220
Schonborn, Melchior Friedrich von      64 71
Schonbornjohann Philipp von      55 57 60 71
Science, history of      129—130
Scientific advancement, in seventeenth century      12 48 65—66
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