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Newman J.R. — The World of Mathematics, Volume 1
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Название: The World of Mathematics, Volume 1Автор: Newman J.R. Аннотация: Volume 1 of a monumental 4-vol. set includes a general survey of mathematics; historical and biographical information on prominent mathematicians throughout history; material on arithmetic, numbers and the art of counting, and the mathematics of space and motion. Non-technical articles by and about scores of eminent mathematicians as well as literary figures, economists, biologists. and many other thinkers. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes essays by Eric Temple Bell, W. W. Rouse Ball, Leonhard Euler, Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, many others. Numerous figures.
Язык: Рубрика: Математика /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 2000Количество страниц: 724Добавлена в каталог: 02.04.2008Операции: Положить на полку |
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Kline, Morris, Mathematics in Western Culture 602 Kline, Morris, “Projective Geometry” 622—641 Knots, number designation 436 463 Knots, topology 592 Knowledge, communication of 9 Knowledge, theory of 391 Known quantities, denoting 28—29 Koehler, O., “Ability of Birds to Count” 489—496 Koenigsberger, Leo, quoted 645 fn. Koenigsberger, Leo, von Hermann Helmholtz 642 fn. 643 Kohts, N.N. Ladygina 492 496 Kronecker, Leopold, algebraic numbers 313 499 Kronecker, Leopold, quoted 168 295 Krumbiegel, B. 197 fn. Kummer, E.E., algebraic numbers, theory of 313 499 512—513 Kunstformen der Natur (Haeckel) 707 Kusmin, R. 514 L-shaped border 84 Ladder arithmetic 97—98 104 138 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, analytical geometry 133 360 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, biography 153 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, differential calculus 152 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, infinitesimal calculus 59 292 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, invariants 350 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, mathematical analysis 299 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, Mecanique Analytique 153 154 155 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, music aid to thought 155 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, sound, mathematics of 154 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, universe, picture of 153 Lambert, J.H., calculus of logic 20 Land surveyors, Egyptians 80 Land surveyors, measuring problem 14 Landau, E. 158 166 371 508 Language, development 406 Language, human, origin of 490—491 Languages, scientific workers 300 Last Supper (Bouts) 604 605 Lateral vanishing points 604 Latin, inflected language 406 Latitudes and longitudes, Oresme's system 236 Law, arithmetic needful for 214 Laws of nature 39 Least action, principle 110 132 149 153 166 Least common measure 101 Least resistance, solid of revolution of 267 Least squares, method of 303 331 334 Lectiones Geometrical (Barrow) 139 Lectiones Opticae (Barrow) 256 Lectiones Opticae (Newton) 259 Lefschetz, S. 339 Left and right, equivalence 685 Left and right, mathematical philosophy 679 Left, meanings 684 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, Geometrie, Elements de 158 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, infinitesimal calculus 59 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, least squares, method of 303. 331 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, Quadratic reciprocity 301 302 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, quoted 312 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, series 371 Leggett, H.W. 378 fn. Lehman, Harvey C., Age and Achievement 467 fn. Lehmer, D.H. 503 504 Lehmer, D.N. 503—504 Leibniz — Clarke, controversy 683 687 Leibniz, Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of (Russell) 378 388 Length, measurements 17 35 Lens, shape improvement 132 Lens, telescope, imperfection 142 Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) 23 78 98 117 Lessing, G.Ј., cattle problem 197 fn. Letter Written to a Provincial, A (Pascal) 135 Letters, Gothic, construction 617 Letters, meaning of geometrical and mechanical equations 50—51 Letters, Roman, geometrical construction 616 Letters, symbols 24—25 Lever, invention 8 68 Lever, motions and rest 44 Lever, principle 188 195—197 Levi-Civita, Tullio 328 352 Lie, Marius Sophus, group theory 167 Lie, Marius Sophus, invariants 352 Life, beginnings of 690—691 Light, corpuscular theory 146 Light, rays 161 Light, transverse waves 263 Light, wave theory 146 154 164 262 263 267 412 Light, white 141—142 146 256 260—263 Limit, conception 37 48 59 60 62 95 291 Limits and Fluxions in Great Britain, History of the Conception of (Cajori) 286 fn. Limits and numbers, modern views 62—67 Lindemann, Ferdinand 166 168 510 514 Line see also “Straight lines” Line circle, tangents to 636—637 Line integral, curve 324 Line, at infinity 629 Line, boundaries of a part of 555—556 Line, composed of points 42 Line, concurrence 638 Line, geodesic 563—564 Line, Greek geometricians 11 Line, group of translations 703 705 Line, measuring one against another 87—88 Line, point aggregate 556 Line, point-event 352 Line, straightness and direction 159 Linear problems 91 Linear Transformations, On the Theory of (Cayley) 351 Linus, Franciscus 260 270 Liouville, Joseph, transcendentals 514 Lipschitz, Professor 659 Lipstorpius, Daniel 237 Listing, J.B., Topologie, Vorstudien zur 571 Littlewood, J.E. 158 375 508 Littlewood, J.E., quoted 167 Living organisms, asymmetric chemical constitution 689 Livy 181 fn. Loaves and men problem, Rhind papyrus 172—174 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., Euclidean postulates 565 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., geometry, foundations criticized 550 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., non-Euclidean geometry 639 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., parallel axiom 654 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., revolution in scientific ideas 553 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., space geometry 546 547 554 Loci, curve 17 19 37 82 Loci, on surfaces 91 Loci, order of the locus 113 Locus ad tres et quattuor lineas 108 112 130 Lodge, Sir Oliver, "Johann Kepler” 220—234 Lodge, Sir Oliver, commentary on 218—219 Logarithmic series 138 Logarithmic spiral 717 Logarithmic tables, publication of 123 Logarithms, algebraic notation 23 Logarithms, coordinates 137 Logarithms, definition 124 Logarithms, equiangular spiral 147 Logarithms, harmonical progression 137 Logarithms, practical benefit 121 123 Logarithms, Table of (Schulze) 158 Logic, abstract 407 Logic, Aristotelian 409 Logic, laws of 68—69 Logic, mathematical analysis 19 27 70 Logic, proposition 70 Logic, satisfaction of intellectual needs 10 Logic, science of 6 Logic, use of word 67 Logical algebra 163 397 Logical multiplication 25 Logical relations, analogous types 403 Logistica 498 Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo 606 London, Royal Society of, founded 143 Long division 461 longitudinal reflection 700 702 Lorenz, Alfred, music, mathematical treatment 703 Lorenz, Konrad 488 Lowe, Victor 395 fn. Lubbock, Sir John 434 Lubbock, Sir John, quoted 433 Lucas, E. 260 504 Ludwig, Wilhelm, asymmetry, decisive factors 694 Ludwig, Wilhelm, left-right problem, in zoology 686 686 Macdonald, James 439 fn. Macfarlane, Alexander 340 fn. Mach, Ernst, magnetic needle deviation 683 685 Mack, Heinrich 294 fn. Maclaurin, Colin, analysis 165 Maclaurin, Colin, biography 151 Maclaurin, Colin, fluxions 152 287 Maclaurin, Colin, Fluxions, A Treatise of 287 fn. Maclaurin, Colin, lines and figures 153 Maclaurin, Colin, planets, equilibrium 152 Maclaurin, Colin, projective geometry 102 Maclaurin, Colin, spheroids, elliptical 149 MacMahon, P.A., quoted 341 Magnetic needle deviation 683 Magnifying glass, invention 116—117 Mahaffy, J.P., Descartes 235 fn. Maine, Henry James Sumner, quoted 189 Malus, fitienne Louis 161 Man, primitive, inventions 8 Man, unnamed numbers, grasping 495 Mangiamele, Vito 476 Manifold, three-dimensional closed 598—599 Mann, Thomas, snow crystals, symmetry 712—713 Mansfield, Lord, quoted 288 Mantegna, Andrea 616 Many-dimensional geometry 134 Mapping, conformal 337 Mapping, congruent 696 Mapping, defined 672 Mapping, transformation 694—695 Maps, geographical, coloring 590—591 Maps, geographical, measuring angles 17 Marcellus (Plutarch), quoted 180—185 Marlowe, Christopher, quoted 220 Mars (planet), motion of 226—228 230 Martini, Francesco di Giorgio 616 Martini, Simone, “The Annunciation” 622 623 Mass point attraction 266 Mass, gravitational and inertial 268 Mathematica, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia 290 fn. Mathematical Discoveries of Newton (Turnbull) 520 fn. Mathematical entities, status 408—409 Mathematical Papers (Sylvester) 348 Mathematical Papers, Collected (Cay-ley) 362 Mathematical Philosophy (Keyser) 570 fn. Mathematical philosophy of left and right 679 Mathematical Philosophy, Introduction to (Russell) 378 Mathematical physics, first text-book 267 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Newton) see “Principia” Mathematical probability, birth of idea 135 Mathematical problems, Rhind papyrus 171—178 Mathematical Recreations and Essays (Ball) 466 Mathematical science, growth in ancient times 8—18 Mathematical Society, American 503 Mathematical terms, Greek derivation 152 Mathematical Tracts (Robins) 287 fn. Mathematicians, date list, 18th century b.c.—20th century a.d. 78 Mathematick, Vorlesungen uber Geschichte der (Cantor) 572 fn. Mathematics for the General Reader (Titchmarsh) 3 Mathematics in Europe, The History of (Sullivan) 74 Mathematics in Western Culture (Kline) 602 Mathematics of Great Amateurs, The (Coolidge) 601 fn. Mathematics — Queens and Servant of Science (Bell) 497 Mathematics, advances before 17th century 410 Mathematics, American Journal of 357 Mathematics, autonomous science 315 Mathematics, Brief History of (Fink) 71 Mathematics, classification 85—86 Mathematics, Concise History of (Struik) 74 Mathematics, Descartes’ contribution 236 Mathematics, Development of (Bell) 294 Mathematics, discovery 66 407 Mathematics, foundations 413 Mathematics, functionality, idea of 411 Mathematics, History of (Ball) 71 74 466 Mathematics, History of (Cajori) 286 fn. Mathematics, History of (Smith) 210 fn. 454 Mathematics, indirect proof 89 Mathematics, interpolation 140 145 Mathematics, Introduction to (White-head) 3 291 398 412 Mathematics, logicism 6 7 44 Mathematics, modern, generalization 511 Mathematics, modern, rise and progress 19—43 53—62 Mathematics, monomania 403 Mathematics, natural science, application to 43—52 69—70 Mathematics, originality 402 Mathematics, perspective 611 Mathematics, philosophy 156 188 193 410 Mathematics, Principles of (Russell) 378 Mathematics, Pythagoreans' progress 83 408 Mathematics, queen of 498—518 Mathematics, Source Book in (Smith) 291 fn. 509 Mathematics, Synopsis of Pure (Carr) 366 368 Mathematics, What is? (Courant and Robbins) 571 Mathematik, Versuch eines vollkommen consequenten Systems der (Ohm) 293 Mathematischer Papyrus (Struve) 169 fn. Matrices, theory of 342 359 361 396 Matter, motion of 568 Maxwell, James Clerk, colors, aggregate 656 Maxwell, James Clerk, electro-magnetism 644 Mayer, Julius Robert, conservation of energy 643 fn. McTaggart, J.M.E. 377 385 386 388 Meaning and Truth, An Inquiry into (Russell) 389 Measurement with Compass and Ruler, Course in the Art of (Durer) 601 609 610 611 612—619 Measurement, curvature 652 653 656—657 659 660 Measurement, geometrical 660—661 Mechanics, art of 103 180 Mechanics, foundations 219 Mechanics, Mechanics, The Science of (Mach) 71 Mechanics, military art 181 182 187 Mechanics, model of reality 44 Medicine, Pythagoreans' study of 83 Meditations (Descartes) 129 Medusa, geometrical symmetry 712 Meinong, Alexius 389 Memory, calculating machines 518 Memory, experience 10 Men of Mathematics (Bell) 294 340 Menaechmus, conic sections 103 236 Menaechmus, cube duplication 93 Menaechmus, mechanical instruments, use of 15 Menaechmus, parabola 91 Menelaus 78 109 Mengoli, Pietro 137 Mental calculation 465 467 Mental work, law for rapidity of 486—487 Mentality, mathematical, submergence of 414 Mercator, Nicolaus 137 258 337 Mercury (planet), motions 229 Mercury (planet), orbit 128 Meridian circles 205 Mersenne, Marin 134 247 Mersenne, Marin, logarithm 137 Mersenne, Marin, numbers 500 502—505 506 Mersenne, Marin, vibration, theory of 412 Mesolabes, geometric instrument 181 fn. Mesopotamia, cuneiform writing 443
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