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Mukamel S. — Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
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Название: Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
Автор: Mukamel S.
Аннотация: This textbook presents a systematic and unifying viewpoint for a wide class of nonlinear spectroscopic techniques in time domain and frequency domain. It is directed towards active researchers in physics, optics, chemistry, and materials science, as well as graduate students who enter this complex and rapidly developing field.
Nonlinear optical interactions of laser fields with matter provide powerful spectroscopic tools for the understanding of microscopic interactions and dynamic processes. One of the major obstacles facing researchers in this field, however, is the flood of experimental techniques and terminologies, which create a serious language barrier. The general microscopic correlation function approach to the nonlinear optical response developed in this book is essential for understanding the relationships among different techniques and a comparison of their information content, the design of new measurements, and for a systematic comparison of the optical response of different systems such as dyes in solutions, atoms and molecules in the gas phase, liquids, molecular aggregates and superlatives, and semiconductor nanostructures. The approach is based on formulating the nonlinear response by representing the state of matter by the density matrix and following its evolution on Liouville space. Current active research areas such as femtosecond time-domain techniques, semi-classical and wave-packet dynamics, pulse shaping, pulse locking, exciton confinement, and the interplay of electronic, nuclear and field coherence are emphasized.
The material has been developed from the author's highly successful interdisciplinary course at the University of Rochester attended byscience and engineering graduate students.
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Рубрика: Физика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 1995
Количество страниц: 576
Добавлена в каталог: 20.03.2008
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Предметный указатель
-Perylene crystal 424
-Carotene, Raman excitation profiles of 284f
3,4,7,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) 480
3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) 480f
4WM See Four-wave mixing
Absorber-perturber relative coordinate 238
Absorption rate, thermal fluctuations and See Fluctuation-dissipation theorem
Absorption spectroscopy 4f 144
Absorption spectroscopy of quantum field 262—264 263f
Absorption spectroscopy of weak probe 100—103
Absorption spectroscopy, coefficient 95 96
Absorption spectroscopy, cross section 96
Absorption spectroscopy, linear polarization and 3
Absorption spectroscopy, lineshapes 219—220 250—252
Absorption spectroscopy, lineshapes, insensitivity 290
Absorption spectroscopy, lineshapes, Voigt profile of 223—224
Absorption spectroscopy, two-photon nonlinear 502 503f 504 505f
ac Stark effect 446
Accumulated photon echoes (APE) with incoherent light sources 316—317
Accumulated photon echoes (APE), unified theory for 295 314—315
Addition of two states 15
Addition rule, for associativity 40
Adiabatic (Born — Oppenheimer) separation, of electronic and nuclear motions 92 210
Anderson — Talman model, and density expansion 238—239
Angular velocity 449
Anharmonic oscillators, applications 514—515 515f
Anharmonic oscillators, coupled 483 514
Anharmonic oscillators, coupled, nonlocal 482
Anharmonic oscillators, Green function and 513
Anharmonic oscillators, model for optical polarization 163—167
Anharmonic vibrational motions, effective Hamiltonian for 428
Anisotropic media, optical response of 113
Annihilation operators 489
anthracene 512f
Anticommutator 494
Ape See Accumulated photon echoes (APE)
Associativity 40
Atomic field equations 89
Average Hamiltonian theory 31
Azulene, resonance light scattering spectra 263f
Backward propagation 32—33 175
Basis set 45 47 56 75
Basis set of system eigenstates 176
Basis set, definition of 41
Basis set, expansion of 42 45
Benzene-argon cluster, absorption spectra 243 243f
Bessel function, modified 220
Biexcitons 513
Binary collision approximation 238 239
Birefringence component 445—446
Birefringence off-resonant 446 457—459
Birefringence signals 453
Bloch equations 12 131 169 187
Bloch equations in Liouville space 76
Bloch equations in NMR 10
Bloch equations in nonlinear response calculation 491
Bloch equations, matrix form 54
Bloch equations, optical 144 181—185
Bloch equations, optical nonlinearities 173
Bloch equations, photon echo spectroscopy and 304 306
Bloch equations, population relaxation matrix 144 168 169
Bloch sphere 10
Bloch — Maxwell equations 93
Boltzmann constant 51 113
Boltzmann distribution, classical 241
Boltzmann equation 508 509
Bond breaking, chemical 369
Born — Oppenheimer (adiabatic) approximation 92
Bose commutation rule 81 263
Bosons 470—471
Bra 56 134 136 138
Bra in Hilbert space 21 22
Bra in Hilbert space vs. Liouville space 58t
Bra in phase space 71—72
Bra, Liouville space pathways and 148 149
Bra, time derivative of density operator and 50
Bragg diffraction 4 324 414
Brownian oscillator model 220 226 233 414 422
Brownian oscillator model in Liouville space 133—134
Brownian oscillator model, advantages 243
Brownian oscillator model, classical dynamics 242
Brownian oscillator model, dynamics in phase space using Wigner representation 233
Brownian oscillator model, Gaussian lineshape and 388
Brownian oscillator model, Gaussian statistics and 209
Brownian oscillator model, general, with arbitrary friction 362
Brownian oscillator model, limiting cases 223 231 231f
Brownian oscillator model, multimode See Multimode Brownian oscillator model
Brownian oscillator model, overdamped 271 286 289 293
Brownian oscillator model, overdamped, homogeneous broadening 389—391 391f—393f
Brownian oscillator model, overdamped, nuclear wavepackets for 385—391 387f 389f 391f—393f
Brownian oscillator model, parameters for polar solvent 253—254
Brownian oscillator model, reduced descriptions 132
Brownian oscillator model, second-order cumulant expansion and 292
Brownian oscillator model, spectral diffusion processes and 203
Brownian oscillator model, underdamped 221 333 385
Brownian oscillator model, usage 232
Canonical distribution function 146
Canonical field variables 81
Canonical momentum 85
Canonical partition function 51
Canonical transformation 88
Canonical variables 88
CARS See Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)
Cascading contributions 465
Casimir — Polder dispersion interaction 87
Causality and Kramers — Kronig relations 322
Causality, principle of 117 145
Causality, signature in frequency domain 145
Center-of-mass motion 238
Central limit theorem 209 224
Charge density operator 82
Charge transfer, theory of 251
Chemical bond breaking 369
Classical dynamics 345—346
Classical dynamics, molecular 188
Classical dynamics, multiplication rule for 40
Classical dynamics, variables 69
Classical simulation, of nuclear wavepackets 349—351
Classical trajectories, calculation of 209
Clausius — Mossotti expression, for dielectric function 468
Closure, addition rule for 40
Coherence size, exciton 506
Coherence size, temperature-dependent 481 482f
Coherence, condensed phase spectroscopy and 198
Coherence, definition of 47 134
Coherence, dephasing 12 131
Coherence, electronic 199 441
Coherence, Green function 203 204—205
Coherence, time evolution of 191
Coherent (underdamped) nuclear motions 217—221 305
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) 384
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), excited-state 130 280 281—282 285
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), frequency-domain 279—283 280f
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), ground-state 130 280 281 285
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), impulsive (femtosecond) 420 421f
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), picosecond 283—285 284f 421—422 432
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), third-order nonlinearities and 4
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), time-domain 285
Coherent artifact 373
Coherent driving 183
Coherent oscillations See Quantum beats
Coherent Raman spectroscopy 261—262
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, accumulated photon echoes and 316—317
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy See Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, coherent Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CSRS) 280
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, dynamic approach 414—422 421f
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, excitation profiles, excited-state resonance 283
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, frequency-domain 417—429
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, ground-state resonance 283
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, incoherent light sources and 316—317
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, Liouville space pathways 267 268f
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, multimode Brownian oscillator model and 357
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, phase-locked transient grating and 324
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, relationship with other nonlinear spectroscopies 133
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, spontaneous light emission spectroscopy and See Spontaneous light emission spectroscopy (SLE)
Coherent Raman spectroscopy, time-dependent 446
Coherent Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CSRS) 280
Coherent vibrations 328
Collective electronic gap coordinate 211
Collective solvent modes 217—218
Collisional broadening, theory of 238
Commutativity 40
Commutators 116 134 154
Commutators, double 164
Commutators, trace of 46
Completeness condition , scalar product rule for 42
Completeness condition in Hilbert space 56
Completeness condition in Liouville space 56
Condensed phase spectroscopy 198 221 303
Conditional probability density, in angular configuration space 449
Condon approximation for optical response of two-level system 210—212
Condon approximation on probe absorption 383
Condon approximation, Anderson — Talman model 238
Condon approximation, classical 200
Condon approximation, doorway-window representation and 361
Condon approximation, fluorescence lineshape in 250
Condon approximation, ground doorway state and 431
Condon approximation, impulsive optical response and 332
Condon approximation, impulsive window functions in 384
Condon approximation, inhomogeneous broadening and 337
Condon approximation, response functions of two-level model and 209
Condon approximation, rotating wave approximations and 411
Condon approximation, semiclassical equations of motion for Liouville space-generating functions and 351—355
Confluent hypergeometric function 245
Conjugate momentum 164
Conservation of probability 178 182
Continuous wave experiments 120
Contour integration for Green function 32—33
Contour integration, continuous distribution of oscillators and 221
Contour integration, Kramers — Kronig relations and 145
Convolution 290 295
Cooperative effects, in nonlinear response 479—483 480f—482f
Cooperative radiative decay 479 495
Correlation functions 131 188
Correlation functions of primary coordinates 227
Correlation functions, classical 241
Correlation functions, classical, response functions and 242 257—258
Correlation functions, expressions for small particle response functions 111—118 115f
Correlation functions, Maxwell — Liouville See Maxwell — Liouville equations
Correlation functions, methods 13
Correlation functions, multitime 13 131 289
Correlation functions, partitioning of 219
Correlation functions, quantum 228 242
Correlation functions, Wiener — Khinchin theorem and 255—256
Coulomb excitons 476
Coulomb gauge 80
Coupled equations, Bloch — Maxwell 93
Coupling strength 222
Coupling to harmonic vibrations, coherent nuclear motions and 217—221 220f
Creation operators 85
Cresyl violet, four-wave mixing signal 325f
CSRS (coherent Stokes Raman spectroscopy) 280
Cumulant expansion 212—213 223
Cumulant expansion for 248—249 249f
Cumulant expansion, applications Anderson — Talman model and density expansion 238—239
Cumulant expansion, dielectric fluctuations in polar medium 234 236—237
Cumulant expansion, inhomogeneous 209 240—241 242 289
Cumulant expansion, Magnus expansion and 30—31
Cumulant expansion, overdamped modes and 233
Cumulant expansion, second-order response function 213 292
Cumulant expansion, semiclassical simulations and 239—244 243f
Cumulant expansion, third-order response function 213
Cumulant expansion, time-ordered exponential operator See Magnus expansion
Cumulant expression, second-order 218 227
Cyclic permutation 46 48
Debye (unit) 182n
Debye relaxation time 237
Debye rotational diffusion model 237 453 459
Degrees of freedom 176
Density expansion, Anderson — Talman model and 238—239
Density operators 154 265 375
Density operators in Hilbert space 76
Density operators in Liouville space 76 132 147
Density operators in Liouville space, basic definitions for 45—48 49t
Density operators in Liouville space, interaction picture and 61—63
Density operators in Liouville space, Magnus expansion and 63—64
Density operators in Liouville space, time evolution of 50—53 52f
Density operators in pure state 75
Density operators in Wigner representation 72 74f
Density operators, canonical (equilibrium) 51 52 113
Density operators, canonical (equilibrium), quantum 73
Density operators, classical analogue 76
Density operators, classical equilibrium 257
Density operators, coordinate representation of 70
Density operators, coupling scheme 151
Density operators, definition of 47
Density operators, diagonal elements See Populations
Density operators, direct Liouville space expansion 137
Density operators, doorway state 441
Density operators, elements, as scalar products 48
Density operators, equations for 45 163
Density operators, equilibrium 62 114 170 255
Density operators, equilibrium bath 67
Density operators, evolution of 55
Density operators, for two-level system 53
Density operators, formulation 133
Density operators, linear optical spectroscopy and 76
Density operators, Liouville equation and 441
Density operators, magnitude of diagonal element and 48
Density operators, matrix elements 45—46
Density operators, nonlinear optical spectroscopy and 76
Density operators, nonlinear response formulations vs. wavefunction formulations and 136—138
Density operators, off diagonal element See Coherence
Density operators, properties of 49t
Density operators, quantum 75
Density operators, reduced 67—68
Density operators, reduced equation of motion for 149 176—180
Density operators, reduced, in Liouville space 49—50
Density operators, reduced, system 49—50
Density operators, reference bath 67
Density operators, time-dependent 114 483
Density operators, total initial 263
Dephasing 352 375—376
Dephasing coherence 12 131
Dephasing exciton 516—517
Dephasing, condensed phase spectroscopy and 198
Dephasing, definition of 134
Dephasing, fast 203
Dephasing, Haken — Strobl model and 509 510
Dephasing, homogeneous 169—173 290
Dephasing, induced resonances 510
Dephasing, inhomogeneous 290
Dephasing, inhomogeneous, microscopic definition of 144 172
Dephasing, inhomogeneous, selective elimination by rephasing processes 303
Dephasing, inhomogeneous, with relaxation 169—173
Dephasing, intermediate 169—173
Dephasing, processes 160 351
Dephasing, processes, pure 179—180
Dephasing, processes, role in Liouville space 134—135
Dephasing, pure See Pure dephasing
Dephasing, transient grating and 511
Dephasing-induced coherent emission (DICE) 282
Depolarization, of spontaneous Raman spectra 445
Detailed balance condition 146 177
Detuning, off-resonant 456
Diagonal elements 40t 47 52
Diagonal system-bath coupling 179
DICE (dephasing-induced coherent emission) 282
Dichroism off-resonant 457—459
Dichroism, rotational Fokker — Planck equation and 446
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