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| Rips J.L. — The psychology of proof: deductive reasoning in human thinking |
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| Предметный указатель |
Fisher, M.F.K. 269
Fitch, F.B. 36 49 56 323 378
Fitting, M. 378
Fodor, J.A. 277 300 374 401n1 402n4 404n8
Follesdal, D. 323 412n1
Fong, G.T. 326
Forbus, K.D. 98 111 298
Ford, M. 352
Forward chaining 71. See also Forward rule; Transitivity
Forward rule 68—74
Forward rule and completeness 104
Forward rule and transitivity 98
Forward rule in PSYCOP/PSYCOP+ 105 112—115 128—131 133 134 137 138 141 142 181 194 195 236 244 245 247
Forward rule, key see PSYCOP/PSYCOP+
Forward rule, sentential 84—90
Forward/backward distinction 68 122 166 170 184 245 370.
Four-card problem See Selection task
Frame 269 290—292.
Frege, G. viii 380—382
French fries 389
Frick,F. 21 342
Galileo 377
Galotti, K.M. 18
Gardner, M. 347
Garey, M.R. 67
Garnham, A. 342
Gazdar, G. 156 403n4
Geis,M.L. 404n5 411n8
Gelfand, H. 325
Gelman, S.A. 280
General Problem Solver (GPS) 72—74 305—309
Generalization 186 190 207 208 248 399.
Genesereth, M.R. 80
Gentner, D. 391 417n11
Gentzen, G. 31 32 36 39 44 58 75 398
Gick, M. 391
Gigerenzer, G. 333 413n4
Gilhooly, K.J. 112 246
Ginsberg, M.L. 295
Gleitman, H. 411n5
Gleitman, L.R. 411n5
Goal/subgoal 68 98 304 398 399.
Goal/subgoal and dependency link 111 112
Goal/subgoal and halting theorem 129—131
Goal/subgoal and matching 189—194 207 208 215—218
Goal/subgoal and means-ends analysis 73 305—307
Goal/subgoal in categorization 281
Goal/subgoal in PSYCOP/PSYCOP+ 104 119—123 126—128 137 138 140 317
Goldman, A. 299 382
Goodman, R. 378
Grahame, K. 303
Grammar, generative 10 23
Grammar, Lexical-Functional 401n1
Grammatical form 10 23 401n1.
Grandy, R.E. 92
Green, C. 97
Green, D.W. 182
Green, R.F. 16 17
Greene, S.B. 363—365
Greeno, J.G. 68
Grice. H.P. 22 48 156 229 230 319 403n4 417n1
Griggs, R.A. 56 183 228 229 244 318 319 322 327 328 410n2 412n4 413n4
Gross, L. 406n6
Guttenplan, S.D. 254
Guyote, M.J. 23 25 194
Haack, S. 12 33
Halting proof See PSYCOP/PSYCOP+
Halvorsen, R.-K. 401 n1
Hamill, J.F. 401n2
Handel, S. 26
Handorson, M. 158
Harman, G. 34 58—62 297 299 300 378 404n7
Harman, H.H. 16
Harris, G. 56 228 229 231 244
Hastie, R. 294
Haviland, S.E. 4
Hayes, J.R. 271 272 276 410n1
Hayes, P.J. 291 324 389 390
Hayes-Roth, B. 410n2
Hayes-Roth, F. 410n2
Hemenway, K. 290
Henle, M. 21 392
Henneman, W.H. 90
Henschen, L. 79
Heuristics and belief revision 60—62
Heuristics and deduction 269 339—347 391
Heuristics in proof-finding see Computer theorem proving
Heuristics in syllogism 19—23
Hewitt, C. 97 408n1
Heyting, A. 378
Hintikka, J. 94
Hintoa G.E. 293
Hintzman. D.L. 280
Hitch, G.J. 112
Holland, J.H. 281 319
Holyoak, K.J. 15 183 303 304 319—332 334 336 391 412n3 412n4 413n4 413n9
Horn, L.R. 56 229 408n2
Hug, K. 333 413n4
Hunter, L.E. 330
Huttenlocher, J. 26
Hybrid rule 72—74
Hypothetical syllogism 71. See also Transitivity
Hypothetico-deductive theory 279 280 289
if See Conditional
Illicit conversion 244. See also Reasoning
Image 227. See also Diagram; Mental model
Implication, paradox of 47 128
Implicature, Gricean 22 56 156 229—231 234—240 358 386 396 400 409n7.
Individual differences 17 18 115 149 396 417n4
Inductive inference 11 16 17 301 383 411n7 411—412n8.
Inference rule vii-x (passim) 35 103 104 227 303 304 388 389.
Inference rule and belief revision 58—62
Inference rule for logical connectives 42—51 84—90 327
Inference rule for quantifiers 50—58 191 192
Inference rule for tree proof 76 (see also Tree proof)
Inference rule in classical predicate logic (CPL) 45 52
Inference rule in logical systems 33 34
Inference rule in natural deduction 41
Inference rule in psychological systems 305—318
Inference rule in PSYCOP/PSYCOP+ 113 114 116—118 129 235 236
Inference rule, difficulty of 317
Inference rule, incorrect 382—385 394 400
Inference rule, individual, AND Elimination, backward 86 87 117 121 140 156 199
Inference rule, individual, AND Elimination, forward 45 46 85 86 88 113 156 243 319
Inference rule, individual, AND Introduction, backward 85 87 116 123 140 146 147 156 195 196 198
Inference rule, individual, AND Introduction, forward 44—46 59 63 71 84 88 156 243 319
Inference rule, individual, Conditional Transformation, forward 129 142 309
Inference rule, individual, Conjunctive Modus Ponens, forward 113 400
Inference rule, individual, Conjunctive Syllogism, backward 118 140 200 243
Inference rule, individual, Conjunctive Syllogism, forward 113 142
Inference rule, individual, Conversion, forward 194 195
Inference rule, individual, DeMorgan (NOT over AND), backward 118 140 200
Inference rule, individual, DeMorgan (NOT over AND), forward 113 140
Inference rule, individual, DeMorgan (NOT over OR), backward 118 140 200
Inference rule, individual, DeMorgan (NOT over OR), forward 113 142 310
Inference rule, individual, Dilemma, forward 113 319
Inference rule, individual, Disjunctive Modus Ponens, backward 118 140 156 199 200
Inference rule, individual, Disjunctive Modus Ponens, forward 113—115 156 293 319
Inference rule, individual, Disjunctive Syllogism, backward 118 140 199
Inference rule, individual, Disjunctive Syllogism, forward 113 319
Inference rule, individual, Double Negation Elimination, backward 86 87 117 121 140 199
Inference rule, individual, Double Negation Elimination, forward 45 46 86 88 113 319
Inference rule, individual, Exclusivity, forward 194 195 243
Inference rule, individual, FOR ALL Elimination, forward 52—56 90—92
Inference rule, individual, FOR ALL Introduction, forward 52—56 90—92
Inference rule, individual, FOR SOME Elimination, forward 52—56 90—92
Inference rule, individual, FOR SOME Introduction, forward 52—56 90—92
Inference rule, individual, IF Elimination, backward 117 119 122 140 197 201 211—213 220—226 243
Inference rule, individual, IF Elimination, forward 44 45 59—61 84—86 88 113 141 319 405n4
Inference rule, individual, IF Introduction, backward 85 116 123 156 197
| Inference rule, individual, IF Introduction, forward, 5 47 88 156 258 403n4
Inference rule, individual, Negated Conditional Transformation, forward 129 142
Inference rule, individual, NOT Elimination, backward 85 89 116 123 146 147 197 209 210
Inference rule, individual, NOT Elimination, forward 44 45 47 48 88
Inference rule, individual, NOT Introduction, backward 85 116 123 146 156 157 198 209 210 243
Inference rule, individual, NOT Introduction, forward 44 45 88 156 157
Inference rule, individual, OR Elimination, backward 86 89 116 117 121—123 146 147 156 198
Inference rule, individual, OR Elimination, forward 45 46 88 156
Inference rule, individual, OR Introduction, backward 86 117 140 156 199
Inference rule, individual, OR Introduction, forward 45—47 59 63 71 88 156 395—397 417—418n4
Inference rule, individual, Transitivity, backward 71 72 75
Inference rule, individual, Transitivity, forward 194 195 243
Inference rule, introduction vs. elimination rules 44 403n3
Inference rule, productivity of 109
Inference rule, selectivity/sensitivity of see Selectivity of rules
Information processing and syllogism 23—27
Information processing theories of 381
Information processing, ability limits 9 238
Inheritance Lemma 136 145
Innateness, of logical principles 374—376. See also Learning
Instantiation 50 79—83 185 248 254 269 291 293 323 399.
Intelligence test 15 17.
Interference, in deduction 149 170 382 393
Internal proof (PSYCOP/PSYCOP+) 158—162
Interpretation See Comprehension
Interpretation function 204—206 351 352.
Intractability See Computational complexity; Nonmonotonic logic NP-completeness
Inventory requirement 312—313
Invited inference 404n 411n8.
Isomorphic sentences 189 190 197 201 207
Israel, D.J. 297 299
Iteration 10
Jackson, S.L. 319 327 412n4 413n4
James, W. 3 9
Janis, I.L. 21 342
Jaskowski, S. 31 32 39 40 58 398 402n2
Jeffrey, R.C. 67 75 125 131
Johnson, D.S. 67
Johnson-Laird, P.N. xi 15 18 23 26 31—33 50 112 179 180 182 214 232 234 244—247 304 333 340 342 348 349 352—366 369—376 385 402n8 407n3 408n2 409n6 414n3 415n3 415n4 415n6 415n7 416n8 416n10 417n11
Joint satisfaction, semantic 205—207 408n2
Just, M.A. 26 171 417n11
Kahneman, D. 22 246 294 339 341 345 383 389 391
Kalish, D. 52
Keele, S.W. 280
KeiL F.C. 280
Keisler, H.J. 203
Kintsch, W. 167 417n11
Klaczynski, P.A. 325
Kline, P.J. 68
Koedinger, K.R. 68
Konig's lemma 140
Kowalski, R. 61 97 401n3
Krantz, D.H. 326
Kripke, S. 381
Kunda, Z. 294
Lakoff, G. 333
Lakoff, R. 333
Langford, C.H. 48
Langston, C. 404n8
Larkin, J. 68
Lea, R.B. 165
Lear, J. viii 402n7
Learning 293 336 374—376 400.
Leblanc, H. 254
Lefford, A. 21 342
Legrenzi, P. 26 179 343
Lehman, D.R. 326
Leibniz, G. 63
Leirer, V.O. 21
Lemmon, E.J. 25 36
Lempert, R.O. 326
Levesque, H.J. 68
Levinson, S.C. 230
Lewis, C.I. 48 123
Lewis, D. 48 322 323 412n1 414n11
Lewis, R.L. 415n6
Lewontin, R.G. 335
Li, J. 343
Lifschitz. V. 297
Linguistic representation 372—374. See also Logical form; Grammatical form
Linguistics 10 303 339.
Literal sentence 76
Liu, L.G. 401n2
Loftus, E.F. 109
Logic See also Deduction; Nonmonotonic logic; Reasoning; Syllogism
Logic vs. psychological 379—382 (see also Logicism)
Logic, axiomatic system 35—38 41 43 75 103 402n1
Logic, first-order 67 292
Logic, intentional 401n1
Logic, intuitionistic 378 384
Logic, modal see Modal logic
Logic, monotonic 270 295
Logic, nonmonotonic see Nonmonotonic logic
Logic, proof 32 33
Logic, second-order 297
Logical Abilities in Children (D. Osherson) 310
Logical form 10 337 401n1.
Logical implication 404n7. See also Semantic entailment
Logical Theory machine (LT) 64 68—75
Logical truths 380 381
Logicism 389 390 417n3
Logics, alternative 31—34
London, M. 26
Lucas, J.R. 214
Luria, A.R. 401n2
Lycan, W.G. 404n5
Lyerly, S.B. 16
Lynch, J.S. 246 408n9
Macnamara, J. 10 375 380 414n1
Madonna See Estes W.K.
Manktelow, K.I. 183 331 333 334 413n5 413n11
Marcus, S.L. 26 42 167—170 176—179 343 394 408n6
Markman, E. 280
Markovits, H. 26 42 179 343
Matching 189—197 248—250 254 399
Matching bias 246
Matching, rules of 191 192 202 248 259
Matching, soundness 203 207—209 215—218
Mates, B. 63
May, R. 337 401n1
McAllester, D.A. 98 111 298
McCarthy, J. 97 295 390
McCawley, J.D. 36 49 56 156 229 404n6
McClelland, J.L. 293
McCloskey, R. 401n2
McConnell-Ginet, S. 401n1
McDermott, D.V. 65 98 99 297 389
McDermott, J. 68
McGee, V. 410n9
McMillan, W. 308
McNamara, T.P. 278
Means-ends analysis 73 306
Medin, D.L. 277 280 281 291
Mellish, C.S. 61 65 98 401n3 410n1
Memory 28 109.
Memory structure 109—112 138 149
Memory, capacity 103 112 139 166 273 375
Memory, deduction link 109 138 159 292
Memory, dependency link 109—112 138 159 292 298—299
Memory, forgetting 112 166—170 276
Memory, long-term memory 109 138 282 291—293 304
Memory, recall 167—170
Memory, working memory 103—112 120 138 158—162 166—170 183 385
Memory-cuing hypothesis See Specific-memory view
Mendelson, E. 36 67 92 402n1
Mental ability 15—18
Mental model 15 214 227 340 349—350 352
Mental model and acquisition 374—376
Mental model and content effect 370—372
Mental model and truth 372—374
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