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Название: Review of particle physics
Автор: Yao W-M
Аннотация:
This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2633 new measurements from 689 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 110 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, Vud & Vus, Vcb & Vub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.
Binary pulsars206 Binomial distribution299 Binomial distribution, Monte Carlo algorithm for312 Binomial distribution, table of299 Biological damage from radiation293 Birks' law273 Black holes1165 Bohr magneton97 Bohr radius97 Boiling points of cryogenic gases104 Boltzmann constant97 Booklet, Particle Physics, how to get11 Bosons31359 Bottom baryons (, )821096 Bottom mesons52769 Bottom mesons (B, B*, , , )52769 Bottom mesons, HFAG activities779 Bottom mesons, note on HFAG activities779 Bottom quark (b)36515 Bottom, mixing, note on836 Bottom, charmed meson61890 Bottom, charmed mesons61890 Bottom, strange mesons61884 Bottom-changing neutral currents, tests for86 Bottomonium system, level diagram935 Bragg additivity262 Branes1165 Breit — Wigner, distribution, Monte Carlo algorithm for313 Breit — Wigner, resonance, definition324 Breit — Wigner, vs pole parameters of N and Resonances969 Bremsstarhlung by electrons263 bulletin boards19 C (charge conjugation), tests of conservation86 c (quark)36515 c-quark fragmentation199 c.m. energy and momentum vs beam momentum321 Cabibbo — Kobayashi — Maskawa mixing in B decay, note on836 Calorimeters286 Cascade baryons ( baryons)781063 CBR-Cosmic background radiation238see Central limit theorem299 Cepheid variable stars227 CESR (Cornell) collider parameters256 CESR-C (Cornell) collider parameters256 Change of random variables298 Characteristic functions298 Charge conjugation (C) conservation86 Charge conservation86 Chargino searches1134 Charm Dalitz analyses, note on716 Charm quark (c)36515 Charm-changing neutral currents, tests for86 Charmed baryons (, , , )791080 Charmed mesons61891 Charmed mesons (D, D*, )46708 Charmed, bottom meson61890 Charmed, bottom meson ()61890 Charmed, strange mesons50757 Charmed, strange mesons [, , ]50757 Charmonium system, level diagram891 Cherenkov detectors277 Cherenkov radiation268 CKM mixing elements in B decay, note on836 Clebsch — Gordan coefficients318 CMB-Cosmic microwave background216238228 Collaboration databases18 Collider parameters255 Colliders, accelerator physics of252 Color octet leptons851163 Color sextet quarks851163 Compensating calorimeters287 Compositeness, quark and lepton, searches841154 Compositeness, quark and lepton, searches, note on1154 Composition of the Universe220 Compton wavelength, electron97 Concordance cosmology225 Conditional probability density function298 Conference databases18 confidence intervals304 Confidence intervals, frequentist306 Confidence intervals, Poisson308 Conservation laws86 Consistency of an estimator301 Constrained fits, procedures for15 Consultants12 Conversion probability for photons to 266 Correlation coefficient, definition298 Cosmic background radiation (CBR) temperature98 Cosmic microwave background228 Cosmic ray(s)245 Cosmic ray(s) at surface of earth246 Cosmic ray(s) in atomosphere246249 Cosmic ray(s), air showers249 Cosmic ray(s), ankle250 Cosmic ray(s), background in counters293 Cosmic ray(s), composition245 Cosmic ray(s), fluxes246 Cosmic ray(s), knee250 Cosmic ray(s), primary spectra245 Cosmic ray(s), secondary neutrinos248 Cosmic ray(s), underground247 Cosmological constant 98210224 Cosmological density parameter, $\Omega211 Cosmological equation of state211 Cosmological mass density parameter211 Cosmological mass density parameter of vacuum (dark energy)211 Cosmological parameters224225 Cosmology210224233 Coulomb scattering through small angles, multiple262 Coupling between matter and gravity205 Coupling constant in QCD97110 Coupling unification173 Couplings for photon, W, Z119 Couplings, anomalous , , and ZZV386 Couplings, anomalous W/Z Quartic366 Couplings, note on the extraction of triple-gauge364 Covariance, definition298 Coverage306 CP violation in decay146 CP violation in decays, note on683 CP violation in decays, note on670 CP violation in B decay146 CP violation, overview146 CP, tests of conservation86 CPT Invariance tests in neutral kaon decay666 CPT, tests of conservation86 Critical density in cosmology98210 Critical energy, electrons264 Critical energy, muons268 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of328 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, annihilation cross section near 335 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, and c.c. total cross section336 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, fragmentation functions195 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, gamma production in interactions328 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, jet production in pp and interactions328 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, nucleon structure functions187 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, pseudorapidity distributions329 Cross sections and related quantities, plots of, W and Z differential cross section329 Cross sections, Regge theory fits to total, table337 Cross sections, relations for322325 Cryogenic gases, boiling points104 Cumulative distribution function, definition297 Curie, unit of radioactivity293 d (quark)36512 d functions318 D mesons, [was ]51764 D mesons, 50751 D mesons, 50751 D mesons, 756 D mesons, 50754
D mesons, 50755 D mesons, , 47727 D mesons, 46708 D mesons, [was ]50757 D mesons, 50753 D mesons, 754 D mesons, 51767 D mesons, 51767 D-meson, Dalitz analyses, note on716 Dalitz analyses, D-meson, note on716 Dalitz plot, relations for322 Damage, biological, from radiation293 Dark energy211226 Dark energy equation of state parameter 227 Dark energy parameter, 211 Dark matter217233225226 Dark matter limits, neutralinos mass limits1133 Dark matter limits, sneutrino mass limits1135 Dark matter, nonbaryonic233 Data, averaging and fitting procedures14 Data, selection and treatment13 Databases, availability online18 Databases, high-energy physics18 Databases, particle physics18 Day, sidereal98 dE/dx258 Decay constant, , note on759 Decay constants of charged pseudoscalar mesons, note on535 Decays, kinematics and phase space for321 Deceleration parameter, 211 Deep-inelastic scattering111181 Definitions for abbreviations used in Particle Listings348 Density effect in energy loss rate260 Density of materials, table104 Density of matter, critical98 Density of matter, local98 Density parameter of the universe, 98 Detector parameters271 Deuteron mass97 Deuteron structure function188189 DIEHARD311 Dielectric constant of gaseous elements, table105 Dielectric suppression of bremsstrahlung266 Differential Cherenkov detectors278 Diffractive events, QCD in115 Dimensions, extra851165 Directories, online, people, and organizations19 Disk density98 Distance-redshift relation210224 Dose rate from gamma ray sources295 Dose, radioactivity, unit of absorbed293 Double- Decay479 Double- Decay, Limits from Neutrinoless, note on479 Double- decay, neutrinoless, search for479 Drift and proportional chamber potentials281 Durham databases18 Dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking1147 e (electron)33435 e (natural log base)97 E(1420) [now called (1420)]40595 Earth equatorial radius98 Earth mass98 Education databases23 Efficiency of an estimator301 Electric charge (Q) conservation86 Electrical resistivity of elements, table105 Electromagnetic, calorimeters286 Electromagnetic, interactions of N and baryons (review)969 Electromagnetic, penguin decays, note on776 Electromagnetic, relations106 Electromagnetic, shower detectors, energy resolution286 Electromagnetic, showers, lateral distribution267 Electromagnetic, showers, longitudinal distribution266 Electron33435 Electron and photon interactions in matter262 Electron, charge97 Electron, critical energy264 Electron, cyclotron frequency/field97 Electron, mass9733 Electron, radius, classical97 Electron, volt97 Electronic structure of the elements102 Electroweak analyses of new physics130 Electroweak interactions, Standard Model of119 Elements, electronic structure of102 Elements, ionization energies of102 Elements, periodic table of101 Energy and momentum (c.m.) vs beam momentum321 Energy density of CBR98 Energy density of relativistic particles98 Energy density/Boltzmann constant98 Energy loss by electrons263 Energy loss, (fractional) for electrons and positrons in lead263 Energy loss, rate for charged particles258 Energy loss, rate for muons at high energies267 Energy loss, rate in compounds261 Energy loss, rate, form factor corrections259 Energy loss, rate, restricted260 Entropy density214 Entropy density/Boltzmann constant98 ep collisions, jet rates115 Eprints20 Error function299 Error procedure for masses and widths of meson resonances693 Errors, treatment of14 Estimator301 Excitation energy259 Excited lepton searches851158 Exotic baryons (formerly Z* resonances)1019 Exotic baryons, (1860)1021 Exotic baryons, 1022 Exotic baryons, 1019 Exotic baryons, pentaquark Update, note on1019 Exotic meson resonances949 Exotic mesons949 Expansion of the universe211 Expectation value, definition297 Experiment databases18 Experimental issues in mixing, note on837 Experimental tests of gravitational theory205 Exposure, radioactivity, unit of293 Extensions to the cosmological standard model226 Extra dimensions851165 F, f meson resonances, [now called ]51764 F, f meson resonances, [now called ]50757 F, f meson resonances, (1370)40587 F, f meson resonances, (1500)40602 F, f meson resonances, (1710) [was (1690)]42624 F, f meson resonances, (2020)633 F, f meson resonances, (2100)636 F, f meson resonances, (2200)638 F, f meson resonances, (600) [was (1200)]37546 F, f meson resonances, (980) [was S(975) or S*]38563 F, f meson resonances, (1285)39580 F, f meson resonances, (1420) [was E(1420)]40595 F, f meson resonances, (1420), note on591 F, f meson resonances, (1510)605 F, f meson resonances, (1510), note on591 F, f meson resonances, (1270)39577 F, f meson resonances, (1430)597 F, f meson resonances, (1565)608 F, f meson resonances, (1640)611 F, f meson resonances, (1810)628 F, f meson resonances, (1910)630 F, f meson resonances, (1950)631 F, f meson resonances, (2010) [was (2010)]42632 F, f meson resonances, (2150) [was (2150)]636 F, f meson resonances, (2300) [was (2300)]42641 F, f meson resonances, (2340) [was (2340)]42642 F, f meson resonances, (1525) [was ( 1525)]40605