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Taylor P. — Text-to-Speech Synthesis
Taylor P. — Text-to-Speech Synthesis



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Íàçâàíèå: Text-to-Speech Synthesis

Àâòîð: Taylor P.

Àííîòàöèÿ:

Text-to-Speech Synthesis provides a complete, end-to-end account of the process of generating speech by computer. Giving an in-depth explanation of all aspects of current speech synthesis technology, it assumes no specialized prior knowledge. Introductory chapters on linguistics, phonetics, signal processing and speech signals lay the foundation, with subsequent material explaining how this knowledge is put to use in building practical systems that generate speech. Including coverage of the very latest techniques such as unit selection, hidden Markov model synthesis, and statistical text analysis, explanations of the more traditional techniques such as format synthesis and synthesis by rule are also provided. Weaving together the various strands of this multidisciplinary field, the book is designed for graduate students in electrical engineering, computer science, and linguistics. It is also an ideal reference for practitioners in the fields of human communication interaction and telephony.


ßçûê: en

Ðóáðèêà: Computer science/

Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö

ed2k: ed2k stats

Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2009

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 597

Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 31.10.2010

Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
abbreviations, decoding      98
Abjab writing system      34—35
Acoustic models of speech production      309—340 see "Sound physics "Vowel-tube
Acoustic models of speech production, about the acoustic models      309 339—340
Acoustic models of speech production, assumptions discussion      336—340
Acoustic models of speech production, components of the model      309—311
Acoustic models of speech production, models with vocal-tract losses      335—336
Acoustic models of speech production, nasal cavity modelling      333—335
Acoustic models of speech production, oral cavity sound source positions      335
Acoustic models of speech production, radiation models      330
Acoustic models of speech production, source and radiation effects      336
Acoustic representations      156—159
Acoustic representations, spectogram      157—159
Acoustic representations, spectral analysis/frequency domain analysis      156
Acoustic representations, spectral envelope      156—157
Acoustic theory      see "Sound physics "Vowel-tube
Acoustic waves      316—318
Acoustic-space formulation (ASF)      485 493—497
Acronyms, decoding      99
Adapting systems if TTS      50
Addition paradigm      71
Advanced Telecommunications Research (ATR)      512—514
Affective communication      8—9
Affective prosody      17 123—124
Affricates      153 201
Air-flow measurement (mouth air flow)      155
Algorithms and features      79—82 see
Algorithms and features, hand written algorithms      80
All-pole modelling, assumptions      337—338
Allophones      162
Allophonic variation      166—167
Alphabetic writing      34
Alternative spellings, decoding      98
Alveolar      154
AM model      see "Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model"
Ambiguity issues      22
Ambiguity issues, different words, same form      54
Ambiguity issues, homograph ambiguity      22
Analogue signals      262—278 see
Analogue signals, aperiodic signals      262
Analogue signals, complex exponential sinusoid      266—269
Analogue signals, complex numbers      268
Analogue signals, conjugate symmetric complex amplitudes      268—269
Analogue signals, Euler's formula      266—268
Analogue signals, Fourier series/synthesis/analysis      265—266 269—670
Analogue signals, frequency      264—265
Analogue signals, frequency domain      270—275
Analogue signals, frequency range      274
Analogue signals, fundamental frequency (F0)      148 265
Analogue signals, harmonic frequency      265
Analogue signals, periodic signals      262—269 305—307
Analogue signals, phase shift      264
Analogue signals, quasi-periodic signals      262
Analogue signals, sinusoid signals      263—269
Analogue signals, time domain      270
Analogue signals, waveforms      262
APL (Anderson, Pierrehumbert and Liberman) synthesis scheme      246
Applications, future of      538
Approximates      154 201
Arbitraryness      15
Architectures for TTS      71—75
Architectures for TTS, addition paradigm      71
Architectures for TTS, associative arrays (maps)      72
Architectures for TTS, atomic values      72—73
Architectures for TTS, autosegmental phonology of data structures      73
Architectures for TTS, Delta formulation/structure      74
Architectures for TTS, dictionaries      72
Architectures for TTS, finite partial functions      72
Architectures for TTS, heterogeneous relation graph (HRG) formalism      72—75
Architectures for TTS, list/tree/ladder relations      73
Architectures for TTS, lookup tables      72
Architectures for TTS, overwrite paradigm      71
Architectures for TTS, utterance structure      71
Articulatory gestures      406
Articulatory phonetics      see "Speech production/articulatory phonetics"
Articulatory phonology      183 406
Articulatory physiology      406
Articulatory synthesis      405—407
ASCII encoding      70
Aspiration      168
Assimilation effect      167
Associative arrays (maps)      72
Assumed intent for prosody      49—50
atomic values      72—73
Audio-visual speech synthesis      527—529
Audio-visual speech synthesis about audiovisual synthesis      406—407 527—528
Audio-visual speech synthesis and speech control      528—529
Audio-visual speech synthesis, texture mapping      528
Audio-visual speech synthesis, visemes      528
Auditory scales      351—352
Augmentative prosody      18 125—126
Autocorrelation function, for pitch detection      381
Autocorrelation source separation method      360—361
Automatic labelling      521
Autosegmental phonology      73 183
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model      227 237—239
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model and the ToBI scheme      247 248
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model, analysis with      248
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model, APL synthesis scheme      246
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model, data-driven synthesis      247—248
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model, deterministic synthesis      246—247
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model, prediction of labels from text      246
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) intonation model, synthesis with      245—248
Auxiliary generation for prosody      49—50
Bag-of-features approach      84
Baum — Welch algorithm      449
Bayes' rule      86—87 545
Beam pruning      509
Bilabial constriction      154
Blizzard Challenge testing      526
Boundary accents/tones      121 236 238
Braille      27
Break index concept      115
British English MRPA phoneme inventory      554
British intonation school      227 236—237
Campbell timing model      258
Canned speech      43—44
Cepstra, linear-prediction cepstra      369
Cepstra, mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC)      370
Cepstral coefficients, synthesis from      429—431
Cepstrum speech analysis      353—357
Cepstrum speech analysis as deconvolution      355—356
Cepstrum speech analysis for pitch detection      379
Cepstrum speech analysis, definition      353
Cepstrum speech analysis, discussion      356—357
Cepstrum speech analysis, the magnitude spectrum as a signal      353—355
Chain rule      546
Channel/medium (means of conversion)      13
Character, character-to-phoneme conversion      55
Character, definition      54
Character, encoding schemes      69—70
CHATR system      513
Cholskey decomposition technique      359
Chomskian field      534
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis      399—405
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis about LP synthesis      399
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis, a complete synthesiser      403—404
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis, formant synthesis comparison      399—400
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis, impulse/noise source model      400—401
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis, LP diphone-concatenative synthesis      401—403
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis, source modelling      378
Classical linear-prediction (LP) synthesis, source problems      404—405
Classification      see "Text-classification algorithms"
Classifiers, F0 models      228
Clitics      60—61
Closed-phase analysis      374—377
Closed-phase analysis, instants of glottal closure points      374
Closed-phase analysis, pre-emphasis      375
Cluster impurity      88
Coarticulation      168
Cocke — Younger — Kasami (CYK) algorithm      104
Collocation rule      84
Colouring effect      167
Common-form model of TTS      5—6 38
communication processes      18—23
Communication processes, ambiguity issues      22
Communication processes, common ground issues      20
Communication processes, dialogue turns      18
Communication processes, effectiveness factor      19—20
Communication processes, efficiency factor      19—20
Communication processes, encoding/decoding      18—19 21—22
Communication processes, Grice's maxims      20
Communication processes, homograph ambiguity      22
Communication processes, information-theoretic approach      23
Communication processes, message generation      18—21
Communication processes, messages      18
Communication processes, semiotics      23
Communication processes, speech, redundancy in      21
Communication processes, text decoding/analysis      22
Communication processes, understanding      19 22—23
Communication, types of      8—13 see
Communication, types of, about communication      8 23—25
Communication, types of, affective communication      8—9
Communication, types of, iconic communication      9—10
Communication, types of, interpreted communication      8
Communication, types of, meaning/form/signal      12—13
Communication, types of, signals      13
Communication, types of, symbolic communication      10—12
Comparison tests      524
Competitive evaluations      526
complex numbers      268
Component/unit testing      525—526
Compound prosodic domains theory      114
Compound-noun phrases      116—117
Comprehension tests      523
Compression, lossless and lossy      215
Computational phonology      184
Concatenative synthesis      401—403
Concatenative synthesis, issues      431—432
Concatenative synthesis, macro-concatenation      431 497
Concatenative synthesis, micro-concatenation      431
Concatenative synthesis, optimal coupling      432
Concatenative synthesis, phase mismatch issues      431—432
Concept-to-speech systems      42—43
Concept-to-speech systems, future of      537
Conditional probability      545
Conjugate symmetric complex amplitudes      268—269
Consonants      153—155
Consonants, affricates      153
Consonants, alveolar      154
Consonants, approximants      154
Consonants, bilabial      154
Consonants, difficult consonants      199—200
Consonants, fricatives      153
Consonants, glides      154—155
Consonants, IPA charts      555
Consonants, labiodental      153
Consonants, nasal stops      153
Consonants, obstruent      154
Consonants, oral stops      153
Context-free grammars (CFGs)      102—104
Context-orientated-clustering      495
Context-sensitive modelling      451—454
Context-sensitive rewrite rule      83—84
Context-sensitive rules      182
Context-sensitive synthesis models      461—463
Continuants      150
Contractions      60
Convolution sum      292
Correlation coefficient      544
Covariance matrix      439
Covariance method      358—360
Coverage (in unit-selection synthesis)      510
Cumulative density functions      549—610
Curse of dimensionality      81 534
Data sparsity problem      81 193
Data-driven intonation models      250—254
Data-driven intonation models about data-driven models      250—251
Data-driven intonation models, dynamic-system models      252—253
Data-driven intonation models, functional models      254
Data-driven intonation models, HMM models      253—254
Data-driven intonation models, SFC model      254
Data-driven intonation models, unit-selection synthesis      251—252
Data-driven synthesis      247—248 435 470—471 see
databases      517—522
Databases and labelling      519—521
Databases, automatic labelling      521
Databases, avoiding explicit labels      521—522
Databases, hand labelling      519—521
Databases, prosody databases      518—519
Databases, text materials      518
Databases, unit-selection databases      517—518
Decision lists      85—86
Decision trees      87—88 221 452—455
Decision trees, clustering      494—496
Decoding/encoding messages      18—19 21—22 see
Decoding/encoding messages, text decoding/analysis      22
Delta formulation/structure      72
Delta/velocity coefficients      438—439
Dental constriction      154
Dependency phonology      183
Deterministic acoustic models, synthesis with      248—250
Deterministic acoustic models, synthesis with, Fujisaki superimpositional models      249
Deterministic acoustic models, synthesis with, Tilt model      249—250
Deterministic phrasing prediction      130—131
Deterministic phrasing prediction, deterministic content function (DCF)      130
Deterministic phrasing prediction, deterministic content function punctuation (DCFP)      131
Deterministic phrasing prediction, deterministic punctuation (DP)      130
Deterministic phrasing prediction, verb-balancing rule      131
Deterministic synthesis models      246—247
Dialogue turns      18
Dictionaries      72
Digital filters      288—294 308
Digital filters about digital filters      288—289
Digital filters and the z-transform      293—294
Digital filters, analysis/design      294—305
Digital filters, analysis/design, about digital filter design      304—305
Digital filters, analysis/design, and the z-domain transfer function      297—298
Digital filters, analysis/design, anti-resonances      303
Digital filters, analysis/design, characteristics      298—304
Digital filters, analysis/design, complex-conjugate pairs of poles      300—302
Digital filters, analysis/design, polynomial analysis (poles and zeros)      294—297
Digital filters, analysis/design, practical properties      304—306
Digital filters, analysis/design, resonance/resonators      300
Digital filters, analysis/design, skirts of poles      302
Digital filters, convolution sum      292 293—294
Digital filters, difference equations      289
Digital filters, ER filter      289
Digital filters, FIR filter      289
Digital filters, impulse response      289—291
Digital filters, linear time-invariant (LTI) filter      288
Digital filters, linearity principle      289
Digital filters, recursive filters      289
Digital filters, scaling      288—289
Digital filters, superposition      289
Digital filters, third-order filters      289
Digital filters, transfer function      293—294
digital signals      278—284 307
Digital signals and the frequency domain      283—284
Digital signals, digital representations      280
Digital signals, digital waveforms      279
Digital signals, discrete Fourier transform (DFT)      281—282
Digital signals, discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT)      280—281
Digital signals, Laplace transform      283
Digital signals, Nyquist frequency      279
Digital signals, sample rate/frequency      279
Digital signals, z-transform      282—283
Diphone inventories      414
Diphone unit-selection system      505
Diphone-concatenative synthesis      401—403
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