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Perina J., Hradil Z., Jurco B. — Quantum optics and fundamentals of physics
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Название: Quantum optics and fundamentals of physicsАвторы: Perina J., Hradil Z., Jurco B.Аннотация: This book deals with the contemporary development of quantum theory from the point of view of quantum optics. The fundamentals of quantum theory are presented, with particular attention being given to the quantum theory of measurement. General coherent states are adopted as the most important theoretical tool for the description of the interaction of optical fields with matter. Quantum theory predicts various nonclassical phenomena, such as squeezing of vacuum fluctuations, photon antibunching, sub-Poisson photon statistics, collapses and revivals of atomic motion, etc. These quantum effects can be observed, together with violation of various classical and Bell's inequalities, using photon interference and correlation techniques. This is demonstrated by experiments involving single-photon and two-photon interferences, squeezed and sub-Poisson light and twin photons produced by frequency down conversion. All these results are in agreement with quantum theory and they confirm the wave — particle duality of a photon and the `nonlocal' features of quantum theory. For research workers in quantum mechanics, quantum theory, quantum optics and electronics, optical communications, optoelectronics, photonics and nonlinear optics, optical processing and computing.
Язык: Рубрика: Физика /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 1994Количество страниц: 352Добавлена в каталог: 28.10.2010Операции: Положить на полку |
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Phase detection 89 Phase detection in Mach — Zehnder interferometer 89 Phase matching 185 222 Phase measurement 80 175 Phase measurement, ideal 80 Phase measurement, realistic 86 Phase of squeezing 158 Phase operator 173 175 Phase operator, Hermitian 174 Phase resolution 91 93 Phase resolution, enhanced 93 Phase, conditional probability distribution of 88 Phase, continuous 87 Phase, discrete 87 Phase, distribution 174 175 177 Phase, higher powers of 175 Phase, quantum estimation of 87 Phase, resolution 91 Phase, states 174 175 Phase, variance 174 Photocount distribution 40 70 145 Photocount distribution, oscillations in 143 156 Photocount statistics 43 Photodetection equation 39 Photodetection equation, multifold 209 Photon 57 Photon correlations 197 Photon counting measurement 71 Photon interferences 197 Photon statistics 39 Photon statistics of semiconductor laser 267 Photon, antibunching 163 164 180 275 Photon, bunching 163 Photon, counting 70 Photon, spontaneous 190 Photon, unbunching 163 Photon, wave character of 57 Photon-counting error 112—114 Photon-number distribution 40 153 155 167 194 Photon-number distribution for squeezed state 167 Photon-number distribution, time development of 169 Photon-number fluctuations 194 Photon-number fluctuations of phase-conjugated beam 194 Photon-number squeezing 156 162 164 Photon-number state 177 283 284 Photon-number statistics 212 Photon-number statistics, under random partitioning 212 Photon-number variance 154 Physical vacuum 286 Physical vacuum fluctuations 154 Poissonian 163 Poissonian distribution 43 211 Poissonian, sub — Poissonian 156 163 Poissonian, super — Poissonian 163 Polarization properties 205 Polynomials 167 Polynomials, Hermite 167 Polynomials, Laguerre 167 Polynomials, Legendre 93 Principal squeeze variance 193 Principal squeezing 159 Principal squeezing for pair of modes 159 Principal squeezing, intermodal 185 Principal squeezing, two-mode 224 Probability amplitude 64 Probability current 149 probability distribution 10 Probability distribution of measuring 63 Probability distribution of photoelectrons 33 Probability distribution of photons 33 Probability distribution, binomial 92 Probability distribution, function 63 Probability distribution, Gaussian 41 Probability distribution, joint 246 Probability distribution, negative exponential 41 Probability operator measure 62 63 75 Probability waves 173 Projection postulate 57 Projector 6 44 Projector, orthogonal 83 Propagation factor 198 Proposition system 13 Q-c-number correspondence 147 Quadrature components 101 Quadrature fluctuations 158 Quadrature fluctuations, reduction of 158 Quadrature operators 73 156 Quadrature operators, commutation rule for 157 Quadrature phase 178 Quadrature squeezing 156 180 Quadrature squeezing of vacuum fluctuations 156 Quadrature variances 157 Quantum characteristic function 144 Quantum characteristic function for phase-conjugated beam 193 Quantum characteristic function, normal 144 Quantum characteristic functional 38 Quantum correlated photons 297 Quantum correlated photons of different colors 297 Quantum correlated states 231 Quantum correlations 195 Quantum correlations of atom and field 195 Quantum correlations, signal-pump 230 Quantum correlations, signal-signal 230 Quantum counter 32 Quantum cryptography 258 Quantum expectation value 202 Quantum expectation value of intensity 202 Quantum features of light 180 Quantum features of light, relations of 180 quantum mechanics 57 Quantum mechanics, probabilistic interpretation 57 Quantum noise 161 Quantum noise, additive 193 Quantum nondemolition measurement 103 234 266 267 Quantum optical experiments 260 Quantum optical inequalities 238 Quantum phase 79 143 156 171 Quantum phase, concepts 175 Quantum phase, operational definition of 175 Quantum probe 61 Quantum statistical properties 144 213 Quantum statistical properties of optical fields 213 Quantum statistics 140 Quantum statistics, Heisenberg-Langevin approach to 140 Quantum statistics, Schrodinger approach to 140 145 Quantum superposition of states 257 Quantum superposition principle 259 Quantum systems 8 Quantum systems, dynamics of 8 Quantum systems, time evolution of 8 Quantum theory of photodetection 71 Quasidistribution 39 128 129 Quasidistribution, connecting relations for 131 Quasidistribution, Glauber — Sudarshan 39 151 Quasidistribution, measurements of 178 Quasidistribution, related to antinormal ordering 178 Quasidistribution, related to normal ordering 39 151 Quasiprobability 170 Quasiprobability functions 128 Rabi flopping frequency 188 Radiation 211 Radiation, chaotic 211 Radiation, thermal 211 Radiation-pressure error 112 113 Raising operator 136 Raman scattering 151 185 186 196 260 Rayleigh distribution 42 reality 244 Reducible representation 85 Reducible representation of rotational group 85 Registered probability 88 Representative operators 7 Reproducing kernel 117 Reservoir 141 Reservoir, correlation time of 148 Reservoir, squeezed 141 143 Reservoir, standard 141 143 Resolution of gravitational wave interferometer 111 112 Resolution of identity 44 64 75 79 Resolution of unity 67 71 116 123 139 Resolvent 47 Response function 209 Rydberg atomic beams 220 Rydberg atoms 191 281 Scattering 33 Scattering, spontaneous 33 186 Scattering, stimulated 33 Schrodinger approach 140 145 Schrodinger equation 9 275 Schrodinger equation, nonlinear 275 Schrodinger equation, time independent 16 Schrodinger picture 14 Schrodinger representation 21 Schrodinger — Robert son inequality 159 Schwarz inequality 19 161 181 239 Schwarz inequality, generalized 181 182 Schwarz inequality, quantum 240 Second harmonic generation 161 185 274 Second harmonic generation in monolithic resonator 274 Second quantization 24 Second quantization of field 27 29 Self-interaction 186 Shapiro — Wagner phase concept 183 Shot noise 215 233 Shot noise, limit 267 Signal Photon 306 Signal photon, like particle 306 Signal photon, like wave 306 Single-photon interference 202 Soliton 271 274 Soliton, quantum 274 Spectal decomposition 17 45 Spectral family of projectors 44 Spectral properties 205 Spectrum 12 46 47 Spectrum, continuous 12 46 47 Spectrum, point 12 46 47 Spectrum, residual 47 Spin coherent state 136 140 Spin coherent state, eigenvalue property of 139 Spin coherent state, intelligent 139 Spontaneous effects 172 Spontaneous emission 191 Spontaneous emission, rate of 191 192 Spontaneous process 170 Squeeze parameter 158 Squeezed light 271 Squeezed light, pulsed 271 Squeezed state 113 132 134 157 180 Squeezed state interferometry 94 Squeezed vacuum 134 166 181 270 Squeezing of vacuum fluctuations 143 178 Squeezing operator 113 Standard quantum limit 104 109 281 State 5 10 State vector 245 State vector, reduction of 245 State, antisymmetric 10 State, coherent superposition of 7 State, dispersion of 13 State, dispersion-free 13 State, incoherent superposition of 7 State, minimum uncertainty 157 State, mixed 6 157 State, of a system 5 State, one-photon 98 State, physical measurement of 6 State, pure 6 State, quantum correlated 244 State, reduced 12 State, squeezed coherent 157 State, squeezed vacuum 270 State, stationary 16 State, symmetric 10 Stationary solution 226 227 229 Statistical operator 6 7 31 150 180 Statistical operator, elements of 180 Statistical operator, initial 152 Statistical operator, reduced 12 146 150 Statistical operator, time evolution of 58 Statistics 24 233 Statistics of individual emissions 233 Statistics of primary excitations 233 Statistics, Bose — Einstein 24 204 Statistics, Fermi — Dirac 24 Statistics, Gaussian 204 Statistics, multifold Bose — Einstein 204 Statistics, Poissonian 41 Statistics, sub — Poissonian 41 Statistics, super — Poissonian 41 Stereographic projection 138 Stimulated effects 191 Stone theorem 20 51 Stone-von Neumann theorem 22 Sub — Poisson light 266 267 Sub — Poisson light, light-intensity 267 Sub — Poisson X-rays 280 Sub — Poissonian behaviour 211 Sub — Poissonian behaviourof Fock state 211 Sub — Poissonian photon statistics 156 162 164 170 180 Sub — Poissonian photon statistics, compound 185 Subharmonic generation 157 Subharmonic generation with classical pumping 157 Subharmonic generation, degenerate 157 Sum-amplitude squeezing 161 Superoperator 68 Superposition of coherent fields and generalized 153 227 Superposition of coherent fields and quantum noise 153 223 227 Superposition of independent fields 78 Superposition of signal and noise 145 166 167 Superposition of signal and noise, generalized 167 Superposition principle 9 Superradiance 192 Superselection operator 9 Superselection rules 9 symbols 124 Symbols, anti — Wick 124 Symbols, antinormal 124 Symbols, contravariant 124 125 Symbols, covariant 124 125 Symbols, of operators 124 Symbols, P 125 Symbols, Q 125 Symbols, Weyl 126 127 Symbols, Wick 124 Symmetry 19 Symmetry of correlation functions 36 Symmetry transformation 19 Symmetry, discrete 20 system 16 System, antisymmetric 24 System, non-conservative 16 System, quantum 61 System, symmetric 24 Thermal equilibrium distribution 147 Three-field interaction 185 Time development 145 Time development of radiation system 145 Time development, statistical operator for 145 Time evolution 14 282
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