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Zel'dovich Ya.B., Raizer Yu.P. — Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena (vol. 1)
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Íàçâàíèå: Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena (vol. 1)Àâòîðû: Zel'dovich Ya.B., Raizer Yu.P. Àííîòàöèÿ: The physical and chemical processes occurring in gases at high temperatures are the focus of this outstanding text by two distinguished physicists. They discuss essential physical influences on the dynamics and thermodynamics of continuous media, combining material from such disciplines as gas dynamics, shock-wave theory, thermodynamics and statistical physics, molecular physics, spectroscopy, radiation theory, astrophysics, solid-state physics, and other fields. Originally published in two volumes
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1966Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 464Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 11.10.2005Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Radiation continuity equation 130 145 Radiation energy 168 197 Radiation energy losses 164—168 Radiation entropy see “Entropy of radiation” Radiation equilibrium see “Equilibrium radiation” Radiation from a plane layer 135—137 Radiation from accelerated electron 249 Radiation heat conduction approximation 151—156 163 164 Radiation intensity see “Spectral radiation intensity” Radiation mean free path, averaged for optically thick body see “Rosseland mean free path” Radiation mean free path, averaged for optically thin body see “Planck mean free path” Radiation momentum see “Momentum density of radiation” Radiation pressure 142 168 172 197 Radiation pressure, isotropic field 117 Radiation spectrum 108 Radiation spectrum, optically thick body 167 Radiation spectrum, optically thin body 167 Radiation thermal conductivity coefficient 153 Radiation wave 344 348 Radiative capture see “Electron capture” Radiative emission in spectral lines 300—303 Radiative equilibrium, in a star 157 Radiative transfer 107 Radiative transfer equation 128—130 132 Radiative transfer equation, quasi-steady 133 Raizer, Yu.P. 201[15] 206[15] 210[16] 257[61] 276[18] 280[18] 281[62] 337[39] 338[38] 338[71] 343[62] 343[71] 343[77] 344[71] 344[77] 347[71] 347[77] 348[77] 348[86] 379[41] 380[41] 413[90] 423 425(2) 429 431(2) 432 433(3) 434 436 439 Rakhmatullin, Kh.A. (ed.) 234[4] 238[4] 239[4] 243[4] 427 Ramsden, S.A. 338[69] 344[69] 344 347[69] 433 434 Ramstetter, Dr.-Ing. 379[44] 437 Rarefaction shock waves 59—62 Rarefaction shock waves, with anomalous thermodynamic properties 67—69 Rarefaction wave 33—37 Rarefaction wave, attainable states 62 Rarefaction wave, cylindrically symmetric 43 Rarefaction wave, spherically symmetric 43 (see also “Centered rarefaction wave”) Rate of excitation or deexcitation see “Relaxation” Ratio of specific heats 4 Rayleigh, Lord 81 Rayleigh-Jeans law 116 Rayleigh-Jeans region of spectrum 122 Rb, photoionization 267 268 RbH, potential curves 319 Re-radiation 129 Reaction rate, by activated complex method 372 (see also “Chemical reactions” “Relaxation”) Recombination 382 387 Recombination coefficient 387 Recombination rate 388 395 Recombination, by three-body collisions 406—413 (see also “Dissociation” “Ionization”) Recombination, diffusion model for 408—412 Recombination, impact-radiative 413 Recombination, molecular 364—368 387 Red edge 311 312 Reeves, R.R. 364[22] 435 Reflectivity 118 Reif, T. 120 424 Relaxation layer 234 Relaxation processes 349 ff. Relaxation processes, order of 351 Relaxation times 351 Relaxation times, for dissociation 363 Relaxation times, for equilibrium radiation 130 Relaxation times, for photoprocesses 403 Relaxation times, in 379 380 Relaxation times, in a plasma 421 Relaxation times, in NO formation 378 Relaxation times, rotational 353 Relaxation times, vibrational 356 360—362 Relaxation, dissociation 362—368 Relaxation, in plasmas 416—421 Relaxation, rotational 352 353 Relaxation, translational 349 Remote ignition 92 Resler, E.L. 213 426 Resonant energy transfer 122 Resonant scattering 114 Resonant scattering cross section at line center 114 Rest mass energy of electron 442 Restricted equilibrium 120 Reversible reactions 189 Reynolds number 72 Riemann invariants 19—21 26 Rink, J.P. 367 438 Romanov, V.E. 283[17] 429 Rosen, P. 400[54] 437 Roskos, R.R. 124[12] 424 Rosseland mean free path 152 153 Rosseland mean free path, air 280 Rosseland mean free path, bremsstrahlung 260 Rosseland mean free path, effect of spectral lines on 297 298 Rosseland mean free path, multiply ionized gas 278—281 Rosseland mean free path, singly ionized gas 274 275 Rosseland weighting factor 153 Rostagni, A. 400[51] 400[52] 437(2) Rotating mirror camera 243 Rotational energies 181 304 Rotational energies, 178 352 Rotational energies, 178 352 Rotational energies, 178 352 Rotational energies, NO 178 Rotational partition function 181 Rotational quantum number 304 Rotational relaxation 352 353 Rotational relaxation times 353 Rotational structure of band spectra 308—312 Roth, W. 362[60] 438 Roze, A.V. 86 422 Rozhdestvenskii, I.B. 188[5] 191[5] 213 425 426 Ryabinin, Yu.N. 234 428 Rydberg 293 442 Ryutov, D.D. 343[76] 433 Sabol, A.P. 213 426 Sachs, R.G. 213 426 Sadovnikov, P.Ya. 374 375[39] 377[39] 378[39] 436 Sadovskii, M.A. 101 423 Saha equation 194 195 444 Salpeter, E.E. 266[5] 289 296[5] 299[5] 428 Samuilov, E.V. 188[5] 191[5] 425 Savic, P. 344 434 Savin, F.A. 353 362[4] 367[4] 434 Sawtooth absorption curve 273 274 Scattering 110 114 115 286 Scattering coefficient 110 Scattering coefficient, mass 111 Scattering cross section 113 115 Schirmer, H. 200[10] 276[12] 429 Schlieren photography 244 Schott, G. 365[25] 368[25] 436 Schumann — Runge band system 305 323 330 333 334 Schwartz, R.N. 356[13] 360 435(2) Schwarzschild approximation see “Forward-reverse approximation” Screening effect 251 Screening radius, in a plasma 418 Seaton, M.J. 200[10] 276 389[47] 425 429 437 Second law of thermodynamics 4 Second positive band system of 305 307—310 312 330 334 Second viscosity coefficient 73 74 76 Second viscosity coefficient, and internal degrees of freedom 74 Sedov, L.I. 93 95 99 104 422(2) Selection rules, diatomic molecules 308 Selective absorption 114 Self-absorption 136 Self-consistent electric field 223 224 Self-similar compression wave, impossibility of continuous solution for 43 44 Self-similar motion 39 Self-similar motion, centered rarefaction wave 38—41 Self-similar motion, centered simple wave see “Centered rarefaction wave” Self-similar motion, plane arbitrary discontinuities 86 87 “Sudden Selivanov, V.V. 187[4] 196 197[4] 206 212 424 Semenov, N.N. 375 Semenov, S.S. (ed.) 234[4] 238[4] 239[4] 243[4] 427 Senatskii, Yu.V. 338[72] 433 Shadow photography 244 Shlyapintokh, I.Ya. 187[4] 196 197[4] 206 212 424 Shock adiabatics see “Hugoniot curves” Shock front 75 Shock front thickness 73 Shock front thickness, measurement of 244 Shock front, structure 54 69 75—77 Shock tubes 88 89 233—245 Shock tubes, conditions behind reflected wave 238 239 Shock tubes, driver gas 234 235 Shock tubes, methods of measurement 243—245 Shock tubes, principle of operation 234—236 Shock tubes, test gas 234 235 Shock tubes, with combustion 238 Shock wave reflection from end of shock tube 89 238 239 Shock wave relations 45—49 Shock waves, formation of 23 44 Shock waves, limiting density ratio see “Limiting density ratio across a shock” Shock waves, mechanical stability condition for 61 62 68 69 Shock waves, with anomalous thermodynamic properties 67—69 Simple waves 27—30 32 Slawsky, Z.I. 356[13] 435 Slightly compressed atom, electron density distribution 228 Smith, P.T. 389[49] 437 Smith, S.J. 269[9] 429 Sobel'man, I.N. 287[54] 292[54] 432 Sobolev, N.N. 276 332[48] 431 432 Solodchenkova, S.A. 268[85] 434 Soshnikov, V.N. 323[27] 323 430(2) Sound absorption 74 75 Sound absorption, coefficient of 74 75 Sound dispersion 75 Sound intensity 9 (see also “Decibels”) Sound wave propagation with viscosity and heat conduction 74 75 Sound waves, energy of 12 Sound waves, monochromatic 10 Sound waves, plane 7 8 10 Sound waves, propagation velocity of 8 Sound waves, spherical 13—15 (see also “Finite amplitude waves”) Specific heat 177 179 Specific heat ratio, diatomic gas, vibrations excited 179 Specific heat ratio, diatomic gas, vibrations frozen 179 Specific heat ratio, equilibrium radiation 117 Specific heat ratio, monatomic gas 179 Specific heat, diatomic molecules 183 Specific heat, rotational 178 Specific heat, translational 177 178 Specific heat, vibrational 178 183 Specific heat, with dissociation 184 186 187 Spectra in nebulae 201 Spectral emission coefficient, bremsstrahlung emission 258 Spectral energy flux, one-sided see “Onesided spectral radiant energy flux” Spectral line shape 127 Spectral line width 126 127 Spectral lines 283—292 Spectral measurement of light intensity 244 Spectral radiant energy density 109 Spectral radiant energy density, equilibrium radiation 116 444 Spectral radiant energy flux 109 Spectral radiant energy flux vector 109 Spectral radiation intensity 109 128—130 Spectral radiation intensity, equilibrium radiation 116 444 Spectral radiation intensity, integral expressions for 131 132 Spectroscopic notation 306—308 speed of light 441 Spitzer, L., Jr. 260 405 418[56] 421[56] 434 437 Spontaneous emission 119 121 127 129 Spontaneous emission, probability of 121 Squire, W. 375[40] 378[40] 436 Stakhanov, I.P. 188[5] 191[5] 425 Stanyukovich, K.P. 93 102[15] 104 104[15] 423 Stark effect 200 Stars see “Stellar photospheres” Statistical weight, free electron state 192 194 Statistical weight, ground state, N, 182 Statistical weight, hydrogen—like atom 265 Stefan — Boltzmann constant 117 443 Stellar photospheres 154 Stellar photospheres, radiative equilibrium in 157—164 Steric factor 370 Stimulated emission see “Induced emission” Stirling's formula 180 Stoilov, Yu.Yu. 338[72] 433 Strehlow, R.A. 239[5] 427 Strong explosion 93—99 Strong explosion, approximate treatment 97—99 Strong explosion, similarity law 95 Strong explosion, with counterpressure 94 Strong shock relations 51 52 94 Strong shock relations, with equilibrium radiation 213—215 Stupochenko, E.V. 188[5] 191[5] 234[19] 239[19] 243[19] 353 358 359[77] 362[77] 366 367[76] 367[77] 368[77] 425 428 436 439(2) Sudden expansion of a gas cloud into vacuum 101—106 Sudden expansion of a gas cloud into vacuum, conditions for self—similarity 104—106 Sudden expansion of a gas cloud into vacuum, isothermal 106 Sudden expansion of a gas cloud into vacuum, plane layer 104 Sudden expansion of a gas cloud into vacuum, with energy release 106 Sukhodrev, N.K. 338[70] 338[71] 343[71] 344[71] 347[71] 433(2) Sullivan, J.O. 364[23] 435 Sum rule, for oscillator strengths 299 Sum rule, molecular 318 319 Surface brightness, black body 137 Surface brightness, integrated see “Integrated brightness temperature” Surface brightness, spectral 136 137 Sviridov, A.G. 276 431 Symmetry factor 181 Symmetry properties, diatomic molecules 308 Taper tube 242 243 Tate, J.T. 389[49] 437 Taylor, G.I. 93 422 Taylor, H.S. (ed.) 234[3] 243[3] 427 Teare, J.D. 332[43] 368[53] 386[73] 415 416 431 437 438 Teller, E. 231[33] 357 426 435 Temperature, effect on dissociation 186 187 Temperature, translational 350 Temperature, vibrational 356 Terebenina, L.B. 332[33] 431 Textoris, A. 335[57] 432 Thermal conductivity coefficient 71 Thermal conductivity coefficient, of radiation see “Radiation thermal conductivity coefficient” Thermal diffusivity 72 75 Thermal expansion coefficient 56 65 Thermal radiation 107 Thermodynamic equilibrium 349 Thermodynamic functions, monatomic gas 182 183 Thermodynamic functions, rotational contribution to 183 Thermodynamic functions, vibrational contribution to 183 Thermodynamic functions, with Coulomb corrections 216—218 Thermonuclear reactions, rate of 359 Thomas — Fermi method 220—229 Thomas — Fermi method, generalized for nonzero temperature 229—232 Thomas, M. 281[50] 432 Thompson, H.B. 124[12] 424 Thomson cross section 115 443 Thomson theory for recombination 406 Thomson, J.J. 392 Threshold for breakdown 342 Timan, B.L. 200[11] 216 425 Tomlinson, R.G. 338[66] 433 Toropkin, Yu.N. 392[81] 393[81] 439 Total absorption coefficient see “Attenuation coefficient” Total emission coefficient 120 Transition probabilities, atomic 288—292 Transition probabilities, hydrogen atom 300—302 Transition probabilities, molecular 316—321 Transition probabilities, vibrational see “Vibrational excitation” “probability Transitions, between excited states 396—398 Transitions, bound—bound 112 114 283 Transitions, bound—free 112 261 Transitions, electronic 111 246
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