Optical fibers solitons in 392—397
Optical frequency approximation 203 218—219
Optical harmonic generation see “Harmonic generation”
Optical Kerr effect 376—386 388
Optical nutation 1263 (see also “Coherent transients”)
Optical pumping 13 16
Optical resonator frequencies 41—42 574—575 761—767
Optical resonator modes 43—49
Optical resonator modes eigenequation for 566—567
Optical resonator modes Fox and Li calculations of 44 569—578 770—773 876—877
Optical resonator modes large-scale computer simulations of 883—884 (see also “Axial modes” “Transverse
Optical resonators degenerate 845’
Optical resonators development of 410
Optical resonators employing prisms 533 905 911
Optical resonators excitation of 855
Optical resonators gaussian modes of 769—776
Optical resonators general properties of 558—580
Optical resonators hole-coupled 774—775
Optical resonators introduction to 558—580
Optical resonators loaded resonator calculations 883—884
Optical resonators modes in see “Optical resonator modes”
Optical resonators multielement 841—846
Optical resonators multiple-mirror 524—531
Optical resonators nonplanar 537
Optical resonators orthogonality properties of see “Orthogonality”
Optical resonators resonant frequencies of see “Axial modes” “Optical
Optical resonators ring-type 411—412 532—538
Optical resonators stable 563—564 744—774
Optical resonators stable two-mirror see “Stable two-mirror resonators”
Optical resonators stable-unstable 903—904
Optical resonators standing-wave type 411—412
Optical resonators telescopic 845
Optical resonators thermal focusing in 842—845
Optical resonators unstable see “Unstable optical resonators”
Optical resonators variable-reflectivity see “Variable-reflectivity unstable resonators”
Optical resonators with intracavity telescopes 842—845
Optimum output coupling see “Output coupling”
Orbital angular momentum 1217 1228
Orthogonality of eigensolutions of linear operators 848—849
Orthogonality of Hermite-gaussian modes 646 650
Orthogonality of resonator modes 568—569 847—857 “Transverse
Oscillation see “Laser oscillation”
Oscillation build-up see “Laser oscillation”
Oscillation frequency 41—42 462—473 “Axial
Oscillation threshold behavior see “Threshold region”
Oscillation threshold conditions 457—461
Oscillation-frequency pulling see “Frequency pulling effects”
Oscillator injection locking see “Injection locking”
Oscillator strength 121—126 291
Oscillator strength definition of 121 123
Oscillator strength for dye lasers 122 123
Oscillator strength for Nd, YAG laser 123—126
Oscillator strength typical values of 122—123
Output coupling 475—481 (see also “Laser output power”)
Overlap integral 765 1092—1094
P see “Cavity mode number”
Parabolic equation 339—343 (see also “Nonlinear Schrodinger equation”)
Parasitic oscillation 555—556
Paraxial wave equation 276—279 626—630 632
Paraxial wave equation validity of 278—279 628—630 635
Paraxial wave optics 777—814 (see also “Complex paraxial wave optics”)
Paraxial-spherical wave 631—632 637—638
Paraxial-spherical wave from complex source point 638—641
Passive mode locking 1057—1058 1104—1128
Passive mode locking analysis of (cw) 1120—1122
Passive mode locking anti-etalon effects in 1117
Passive mode locking colliding-pulse 1125—1127
Passive mode locking computer simulations of 1111 1114—1115
Passive mode locking description of (pulsed) 1110—1111
Passive mode locking double pulsing in 1114 1115
Passive mode locking in cw lasers 1117—1128
Passive mode locking in pulsed lasers 1109—1117
Passive mode locking nonlinear effects in 1115—1116
Passive mode locking second threshold in 1110
Passive mode locking statistical theories of 1111—1115 (see also “Mode locking” “Saturable
Passive Q switching see “Q switching”
Pentaphosphate laser 1100
Period doubling 544
Periodic focusing systems 599—607
Periodic focusing systems eigenrays and eigenvalues 600
Periodic focusing systems stability diagram 748—749
Periodic focusing systems stablesystems 601—604
Periodic focusing systems unstable systems 604
Periodic focusing systems with misaligned elements 611—613
Periodic lensguide see “Lensguides” “Periodic
Perturbation stability 817—819 829—831
Perturbation-insensitive optical resonators 842—845
Phase perturbations of optical beams 698—706
Phase shift in laser amplifier 282—283 303
Phase shift in mirrors and beam splitters 398—407
Phase shift through focus see “Guoy phase shift”
Phase transition analogy 522
phase velocity 337—338
Phase velocity in resonant atomic medium 351—355
Phase-amplitude equations 947—949 1138—1140
Phasors and phasor analysis 102—103 1047—1049
Phonon broadening 99 130—131 171
Phonon interactions 198
Photolysis 1223
Photon echoes 1263
photons 33—35 498 502
Photons and spontaneous emission 502—505
Photons “extra photon” 503 509
Pi pulse 238 (see also “Coherent transients”)
Planar resonators 45—46
Planck’s constant 8
Planck’s law 8—10
Plane wave approximation 268
Plane wave expansion 658—662
Pockels cell light modulator 379 976—977 980—981
Poisson spot see “Spot of Arago”
Polarization properties 114 135—143
Polarization, circular see “Circular polarization electric-dipole” “Electric “Laser “Active “Magnetic
Population difference 110—111
Population difference equation 204—205 223 231
Population inversion 27 32 35—38
Population inversion clamping of 516—520
Population inversion on four-level system 247—248 (see also “Laser pumping”)
Population recovery time  see “Longitudinal relaxation time”
Positive-branch unstable resonator 822—824 867 874
Power broadening 294—295
Power output see “Laser output power”
Power transfer 176—181 182
Poynting theorem 178—180
Poynting vector 179
Pre-lasing, in actively mode-locked lasers 1082—1083
Precession of magnetic top 1231—1232
Precession of magnetic-dipole atoms 1217—1218 1234—1235
Pressure broadening 127—130 1225
Principal planes (for thick lenses) 595—596
Prisms, in optical resonators 533 905 911
Propagation constant 270—272
Propagation constant in duct 653
Propagation constant in free space 268—269
Propagation constant in lossy medium 270
Pulling effects see “Frequency pulling”
Pulse amplification 359—361 362—375
Pulse amplification and pulseshape distortion 368—369
Pulse amplification energy extraction 369—372
Pulse amplification slab model for 366
Pulse breakup 384—386 (see also “Pulseshape distortion”)
Pulse broadening and gain dispersion 358—359
Pulse broadening by laser gain medium 359—361 1064
Pulse broadening by self-phase-modulation 390—392
Pulse broadening dispersive 356—358
Pulse broadening in optical fibers 356—358 390—392
Pulse compression 338 342 344—351 391—393
Pulse compression due to self-phase-modulation 384—385
Pulse compression with grating pair 39—393 349
Pulse propagation 331—361
| Pulse propagation and pulse compression 338 342 344—351
Pulse propagation dispersive effects on 343—351
Pulse propagation in linear systems 331—361
Pulse propagation in resonant atomic media 351—355
Pulse propagation of gaussian pulses 331—335
Pulse shortening in regenerative system 1108—1109
Pulse shortening in saturable absorbers 1104—1109 (see also “Mode locking”)
Pulse synthesis with multiple laser frequencies 1050—1053
Pulsed injection locking see “Injection locking” “Injection
Pulsed mode locking see “Mode locking”
Pulseshape distortion due to self-phase modulation 384—386
Pulseshape distortion in pulse amplifiers 368—369 374—375
Pulseshape distortion in pulse compression 347—348
Pumping see “Laser pumping”
Pumping rate 252—253
Q switches acoustooptic 1007 1028
Q switches electrooptic 1006—1007
Q switches rotating mirror 1006 1028
Q switches saturable absorber 1007 1024—1028
Q switches slowly opening 1020—1021 1023—1024
Q switches thin film 1007—1008 (see also “Q switching and Q-switched lasers”)
Q switching and Q-switched lasers 1004—1040
Q switching and Q-switched lasers applications of 1039—1040
Q switching and Q-switched lasers axial mode beating in 1034—1036
Q switching and Q-switched lasers energy efficiency of 1010 1013—1015
Q switching and Q-switched lasers exact solution for 1018—1019
Q switching and Q-switched lasers experimental results for 1019—1020 1032
Q switching and Q-switched lasers general description of 1004—1008
Q switching and Q-switched lasers mode locking of see “Mode locking”
Q switching and Q-switched lasers mode selection in 1034—1039
Q switching and Q-switched lasers multiple pulses from 1020—1021
Q switching and Q-switched lasers passive (saturable absorber) 1007 1024—1028
Q switching and Q-switched lasers practical methods for 1006—1008
Q switching and Q-switched lasers pulse output interval of 1012—1017
Q switching and Q-switched lasers pulsewidth of 1017—1018
Q switching and Q-switched lasers pumping interval in 1009—1012
Q switching and Q-switched lasers rate equation analysis of 1008—1023
Q switching and Q-switched lasers repetitive 1028—1034
Q switching and Q-switched lasers second threshold in 1026—1028
Q switching and Q-switched lasers transverse modes in 1036—1039 (see also “Q switches”)
Q, definition of 180
Quality factor see “Q definition
Quantum beats 1263
Quantum charge density 135—138 1214—1215
Quantum current density 1215
Quantum efficiency 247
Quantum electronics 1
Quantum energy levels see “Energy levels”
Quantum noise fluctuations 51 (see also “Schawlow — Townes formula”)
Quantum properties of electric-dipole transitions 1215 1216
Quantum properties of magnetic-dipole transitions 1214—1217
quantum states 137—142
Rabi flopping behavior for electric-dipole transitions 113 231—242 376
Rabi flopping behavior for magnetic-dipole transitions 1259—1263 1265—1266
Rabi frequency 221—242 1259—1260
Rabi frequency relation to stimulated transition probability 234 1262—1263
Radiation damping of atomic radiation 952—953 (see also “Radiative decay rate”)
Radiative decay rate for Nd, YAG 123—126
Radiative decay rate of atomic transitions 84—85 109—110 120—121
Radiative decay rate of classical electron oscillator 84
Radiative decay rate of classical magnetic dipole 1248
Radiative decay rate of degenerate transition 155—156
Radiative decay rate of magnetic dipole transition 1255 (see also “Radiation damping”)
Radiative surroundings 187—193
Rare-earth ions 12 14 15 17 21
Rate equation approximation 225—227 (see also “Rate equations”)
Rate equations see “Atomic rate equations” “Cavity Coupled
Ray equation 587
Ray inversion 591
Ray matrices 581—625 777—792 811—814
Ray matrices and gaussian beam propagation 782—786
Ray matrices and Huygens’ integral 777—782
Ray matrices and imaging properties 596—597
Ray matrices and spherical waves 593—595
Ray matrices and thick lenses 595—599
Ray matrices canonical form 813
Ray matrices complex see “Complex ray matrices”
Ray matrices definition of 583
Ray matrices determinant of 584
Ray matrices eigenvalues of 600—604 813
Ray matrices factorization of 814
Ray matrices for astigmatic systems 597 616—617
Ray matrices for cascaded systems 593—599
Ray matrices for curved ducts 614—616
Ray matrices for gaussian aperture 786—788
Ray matrices for misaligned systems 609 613
Ray matrices for nonorthogonal systems 616—625
Ray matrices for thick lenses 595—599
Ray matrices reduced slope in 583
Ray matrices symmetric form 813
Ray matrices synthesis of 814
Ray matrices table of 585—586
Ray matrices telescopic form 814
Ray matrices transformation of 811—814
Ray optics 581—625
Ray optics and geometrical optics 593
Ray optics and spherical waves 593—595
Ray propagation in astigmatic systems 597 616—617
Ray propagation in cascaded systems 593—599
Ray propagation in curved ducts 614—616
Ray propagation in misaligned systems 607—614
Ray propagation in nonorthogonal systems 616—625
Ray propagation in periodic systems 599—607
Rayleigh range 667—669 674 725 726
Rayleigh range for circular aperture 729
Rayleigh range for single slit 720—721
Rayleigh range for square aperture 725
Rayleigh range general definition of 714
Recirculating pulse approach 560—565
Reduced radius of curvature 594—595 784
Reduced slope 583
Reflection coefficient see “Laser mirrors”
Refractive index see “Index of refraction’’
Regenerative amplification 440—447 447—456 1141—1142
Regenerative amplification feedback model for 441—443
Regenerative amplification from equivalent circuit model 940
Regenerative amplification gain-bandwidth product 447 450—451
Regenerative amplification near threshold 448—454
Regenerative amplification of injected signal in free-running oscillator 1131—1133
Regenerative amplification vector model for 444—445
Relaxation longitudinal 1242
Relaxation nonradiative 15—18 120 195—204
Relaxation oscillation frequency 963—964 (see also “Relaxation oscillations” “Spiking”)
Relaxation oscillations, in lasers 954—971
Relaxation oscillations, in lasers linearized analysis of 962—964 (see also “Spiking”)
Relaxation oscillations, in lasers versus spiking 957
Relaxation radiative 15 120—121
Relay imaging 739—740 742 845
Repetitive Q switching see “Q switching”
Resonant dipole equation 96 112 221
Resonant dipole equation transient response of 222—223
Resonator g parameters 746—747 (see also “Stable two-mirror resonators”)
Resonator modes see “Optical resonator modes”
Resonators see “Optical resonators”
Retroreflected unstable resonators see “Unstable optical resonators”
Rigrod analysis 485—490
Ring lasers 40 250 411—412 532—538
Ring lasers nonplanar 622—623
Ring lasers unstable 899—900 910
Ring-laser gyroscope 1163—1170
Ring-laser gyroscope locking effects in 1165—1166 1167—1168
Rotating mirror Q switch see “Q switches”
Rotating-wave approximation 1247—1248
Round-trip gain 414—415 429 457
Ruby 10—11 18
Ruby energy levels of 249 273
Ruby laser 60—61 122 131 258—262 263
Ruby laser cross section of 290
Ruby laser spiking in 955—956 971 974—975
Ruby pumping of 248—250
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