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Povey M.J. — Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization
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Название: Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids CharacterizationАвтор: Povey M.J. Аннотация: This book is a comprehensive and practical guide to the use of ultrasound for characterizing fluids rapidly and noninvasively. Focusing on ultrasonic velocimetry, the author covers the basic topics and techniques necessary for successful measurements of emulsions, dispersions, multiphase media, and viscoelastic/viscoplastic materials. Advanced techniques such as scattering, particle sizing, and automation are also presented. As a hand-book for industrial and scientific use, Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization will be indispensable to chemists and chemical engineers using ultrasound for research or process monitoring in the chemical, food processing, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biotechnology, and fuel industries.
Язык: Рубрика: Технология /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 1997Количество страниц: 214Добавлена в каталог: 11.03.2010Операции: Положить на полку |
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"low" volume fraction 140 16 bit 167 32 bit 167 Absorption 9 Accuracy 14 15 18 25 30 31 39 142 147—149 171 172 174 Accuracy of solid fat content measurement 68 Acid gelation 159 Acoustic Time of Flight Measurement 11 Acoustic, amplitude 16 Acoustic, energy 173 Acoustic, intensity 112 Acoustic, power 112 Acoustical impedance 16 20 Acoustosizer 150 151 Adiabatic 3 7 91 98 100 101 107 109 126 128 129 Adiabatic, bulk modulus 26 Adiabatic, compressibility 2 7 26 54 Adulteration 51 Aggregation 90 94 103 129 141 143 153 154 156—162 Air 11 19 28 29 Alcohol 50 Algae 54 algorithmic 165 Alkyl halides 45 Amino acids 45 Amphiphilic surfactant 84 Amplitude 16 18 20 22—24 33 Amplitude factor 112 Amplitude of the sound wave 112 Analysis of errors 15 Apparent, molar adiabatic compressibility 38 Apparent, molar quantities 37 Apparent, quantities 39 Apparent, specific volume 37 Apparent, yield stress 152 Aqueous solutions 49 Aristotle 1 Asphaltene 143 157 Associated Legendre polynomials 97 atom see "Acoustic time of flight measurement" Attenuation 22 24 33 54 56 57 71 79 83 92 95 96 98—101 104 111 113 116 118—122 124 127 130 131 133 134 138—140 142 143 145 147 148 153 154 157—159 161 162 172 Attenuation, excess 116 Automate, ultrasound profiling 78 Automatic control 174 Avogadros principle 35 Backing 14 Backscatter 2 Backscattering 140 bacteria 74 Bacteria, suspensions 74 Bandwidth 147 154 168 170 172 BAT 2 Beer foam 163 Bentham 169 Bessel functions 111 Binary mixture 34 41 42 Biological substances 44 Biot, coupled phase theory 154 Biot, theory 134 BLAST 138 Blast, wave 138 Blend 65 71 Block copolymer 142 Blood 156 161 Blood cells, adiabatic compressibility 54 Boethius 1 Bond, acoustical 19 Bonding 19 158 boundary conditions 97 105 112—114 Boundary layer thickness 127 Broad band, output 173 Broad band, ultrasonic 24 Brownian motion 160 Bubble, resonance 138 Bubble, size 163 bubbles 6 28 29 48 100 137—140 142 Bubbles, microbubbles 29 Bubbles, resonant 137 Bubbly 34 Bubbly, liquids 6 Buffer rods 18 bulk modulus 26 107—109 153 Bulk modulus, time-dependent 107 Burst rf 147 173 Cabling, faults 173 Calibration 15 25 31 49 50 79 147 172 174 175 Carousel 79 Carrot cells 54 Casein 70 84 88 154 157—159 161 Casein, 159 Casein, 159 Casein, 159 Cavitation 8 20 Cavitation, threshold 20 Cell, bonding 54 Cell, suspensions 54 Cell, turgor 54 cells 54 79 Centrifugation 48 65 Change of phase see "Phase transition" Characteristic impedance 16 Charged particles 150 Cheese 159 Chemical, quantities 35 Chemical, relaxation 144 Chocolate 65 Chrysippus 1 Classical mechanics 5 Cleaning bath 29 Close packing 142 Cloud of bubbles 137 140 CMC see "Critical micelle concentration" Coalescence 70 72 CoCoa 65 67 68 Cocoa, butter 65 67 68 Code 165 167—169 175 Coefficient of volume expansivity 109 Coherence 6 22 Collapse see "Gel" Collision rate, between droplets 74 Colloid 52 59 75 99 102 Colloidal systems 59 Complex impedance 19 Composite construction 15 composition 49 52 61 63 76 90 Composition and ultrasonic properties 76 Compressibility 25—27 31 34 36—42 44 54 55 58 71 76 81 92 93 100 104 107 109 113 122 124—126 128—131 133 134 141 152 159 Compressibility, changes compared with density change in oils 58 Compressibility, mean 26 Compression 81 85 Computer modeling 85 Computer models 158 Computer processing unit CPU 166 Concentrated systems 152 163 Concentration 2 35 36 39 40 49—52 67 72 76 81 84 85 88 103 116 125 127 128 130 134 140—142 152 157—162 Concentration of droplets 52 Concentration, increments 39 Condensation 26 Conformationai dynamics of proteins 44 Connectors faults 174 Conservation of volume 81 Constitutive equation 113 Continuous wave 143 Continuous wave, techniques 135 Conversion efficiencies 19 cooperative multitasking 167 Corrosion 2 Cosmetic 129 Coupled phase theory, Biot theory 154 Coupled wave 95 CPU, computer processing unit 166 Cream 138 141 143 158 161 162 174 Cream, whipped 163 Creaming 77 81—84 87 90 102 158 163 174 Creaming, computer modeling 77 Critical micelle concentration 144 Crystal 52 56 57 59 61 63 68 70 72—75 79 94 Crystalline 52 56 Crystallization 72—74 99 102 Crystallizing, solids 57 Crystallizing, systems 59 Custard powder 152 D'Alembert 2 Damped 14 23 Damped, transducers 171 173 Decay length 101 110 125—127 Deformation history 107 113 Degas 48 Denaturation, thermal 44 density 3 8 25—27 31—34 36—39 42 91 92 100 101 104 110 112 117 123—125 128—131 137 139 152 Density, mean 26 Depletion flocculation 162 Destabilize 88 Destabilizing mechanisms in foams 163 Diatoms 54 Differential, experimental techniques 42 Differential, measurements 39 Diffraction 22 100 Diffraction, corrections 148 Diffusion 77 85 102 103 159 160 Diffusion, wave propagation 34 Digital, averaging 147 Digital, oscilloscope 170 Dilatation 26 Dilatation, method 61 Dilation 26 Dilatometer 75 Dilatometry 70 72 Dilute limit 39—42 Dipolar 113 Dipole scattering 97 Disk storage 165 166 dispersion relation 108 153 Dispersion relation for bubbles 140 Dispersions 34 Disproportionation 163 Dissipation 33 Distearin 62 Doppler 152 160 Droplet 52 58 60 72 74 75 81 Drugs, diffusion in gels 77 Duty cycle 20 Dynamic mobility 150 151 Echo ranging 2 Edible fats 52 Egg protein 44 Einstein notation 105 Elastic 7 8 Elastic, modulus 153 Elasticity 26 Electrical impedance 16 19 Electroacoustics 150 Electromagnetic 4 6 92 Electromechanical 19 Electrosonic, amplitude 143 Electrosonic, analysis 150 Emulsion 52 54—56 58 60 61 66 68—70 72—77 84—86 88 90 96 99 103 116 118 124 125 129 131 134 143 150 157 158 161 162 171 172 Emulsion, inversion 34 75 76 Emulsion, stability 76 78 Emulsions 52 54 55 60 61 69 74—77 84 90 Energy 94 95 106 109 111—113 116 117 137 138 Energy, conservation equation 106 Energy, internal 106 Ensemble of bubbles 140 Ensemble, averaging 117 Envelope, pulse 17 24 Enzymes 159 Equation of continuity 106 Equations of motion 104—106 108 Equidensity dispersions 124 Equidensity dispersions and scattering theory 124 Errors 14 15 19 22 23 25 42 ESA 143 150 Ethanol 34 36 37 40 42 50 128 Euler 1 evaporation 49 event driven 165 169 Excel 79 165 170 174 Excess attenuation 116 Exchange of surfactant monomer 144 Excitation 14 Exciting, transducer 149 150 173 Excluded volume 103 110 Fast Fourier Transform 147 148 169 Fat crystallization 56 Fats, common features 65 Fatty acid 52 Filtration 65 Flocculation 84 103 129 154 158 162 163 Floe 84 154 158 161—163 Flow, measurement 2 Flow, profile 152 Flow, rate 152 Fluid Motion 110 Foam drainage 163 Foams 163 Fogs 133 Food emulsion 129 143 FORTRAN 116 165 Forward scattering 94 95 Fourier transform 104 147 161 169 170 172 Fourth power dependence, Rayleigh scattering 3 Fractal 159 Fractal, dimension 159 Fractionation 72 83 162 Fraunhofer diffraction 22 Freezing 55 56 58 frequency 12 18—20 24 26 33 Fresnel diffraction 22 Fruit 51 54 Gas 148 163 GDI, graphical display unit 165 Gel 77 85 86 88 153 158—161 Gelation 153 159—161 Gels 153 160 General relativity 5 Geometric limit 142 Geometric scattering 100 Geophysics 134 Glass 152 Glucose 51 GPIB 165 168 Gradient operator 106 Graphical display interface, GDI 165 Gravimetry 163 Group velocity 24 33 Hankel functions 113 Hard fats 65 Hardened palm oil 65 Hardness 65 Harmonic 26 Hearing 5 Heat 159 Heat, capacity 5 Heat, flow 94 Heat, flux 114 Heterogeneous nucleation 73 Hexadecane 55 56 58 96 134 157 Hierarchy method 117 Hildebrandt equation 63
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