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Povey M.J. — Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization
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Название: Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids CharacterizationАвтор: Povey M.J. Аннотация: This book is a comprehensive and practical guide to the use of ultrasound for characterizing fluids rapidly and noninvasively. Focusing on ultrasonic velocimetry, the author covers the basic topics and techniques necessary for successful measurements of emulsions, dispersions, multiphase media, and viscoelastic/viscoplastic materials. Advanced techniques such as scattering, particle sizing, and automation are also presented. As a hand-book for industrial and scientific use, Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization will be indispensable to chemists and chemical engineers using ultrasound for research or process monitoring in the chemical, food processing, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biotechnology, and fuel industries.
Язык: Рубрика: Технология /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 1997Количество страниц: 214Добавлена в каталог: 11.03.2010Операции: Положить на полку |
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Sensitivity 49 71 72 Sensitivity of ultrasound, method 71 Sensitivity of ultrasound, velocity 49 Serial communications 164 168 Serum 77 85 86 88 90 158 159 161 171 172 server 175 SFC 52 61 65 69 see SHAPE 72 Shape, nonsphericity 102 Shape, particle 127 Shear 92 94 99 101 103 104 106 107 109—116 118 123 124 126 127 Shear, mode 4 7 9 102 Shear, modulus 113 see Shear, thickening 152 Shear, wave 160 Shelf life 90 Signal-to-noise 147 Silver iodide 74 SIZE 52 70 72 74—77 80 81 83 94 141—143 145 148 150—152 157—159 161—164 167 169 Size of droplets 52 Size, distribution 145 151 152 162 163 169 Size, particle size 128 Size, particle size, distribution 118 127 Skimmed milk 156 159 Skin depth 110 127 Sky, blue sky 2 3 6 7 SNOMAX 74 Sodium caseinate 70 84 88 Soft, soft-solid 11 Solid 94 100 102 104 106—109 113 118 134 137 Solid, content 56—59 61 63 68—72 Solid, content, very high 71 Solid, content, very low 71 Solid, fat content 52 55 60 61 65 67 68 70 71 90 Solid, measurement of velocity of sound in 65 Solid, solidlike behavior 107 Solid-liquid transition 71 Solubility 61 63 64 Solute 31 34—40 42 44 Solution-emulsion transition 75 Solutions 34 Solutions, scattering in 129 Sonar 138 Sonication 29 Sound, speed see "Velocity of sound" Sound, velocity 40 see Sounds of Running Water 138 Specific heat 34 44 76 101 109 128 Specific heat, ratio of specific heats 108 Spectrometry 161 Spectrum 146 Speed of sound 30 31 Spherical Bessel functions 97 Spherical coordinate system 111 Spike, method 147 171 173 Sponge 134 Spread sheet program, the use of 65 Spreadsheet 148 165 170 174 SS 62 Stability 76 78 90 Stabilizer 159 Standard deviation 79 Stearic acid 62 Stepper, motor 79 169 174 Stiffness 26 Stirring 67 75 Stirring, gentle 75 Stirring, magnetic flea 67 Stokes — Navier equation 106 Storage, modulus 153 159 165 166 174 175 strain 26 106—108 Strain-rate tensor 106—108 152 153 Stress 26 98 102 106—108 113—115 152 153 161 174 Stress, principle stress 108 Stress, tensor 106—108 113 Strong scatterer 137 Structure factor 100 Submarine 138 Submicelles 154 Sugar 51 67 see Sugar, concentration 51 Sunflower 65 84 109 118 120 131 133 Supercooling 69 73 74 Surface energy 137 Surface tension 138 Surfactants 29 48 69 84 144 Surfactants, characterization of 144 Surfactants, exchange 144 Syneresis 89 Systematic errors 14 Tangential velocity 114 Tasks see "Multitasking" Temperature 11 14 15 20 25 29 31 35 37 44 Temperature for a profiling experiment 77 Temperature, coefficient of the velocity of sound 29 Temperature, coefficient of velocity 11 31 Temperature, coefficient of velocity, negative 11 Temperature, control 79 149 174 Temperature, dependence 71 77 143 173 Temperature, differences 49 Temperature, logging 174 Temperature, measurement 174 Temperature, programmer 74 Temperature, wave 91 Tempering 65 Text Box 165 Thermal 91 92 96 99 101—104 106 109—111 113—116 118 119 122 123 125—129 131 133 see Thermal, diffusivity, thermometric conductivity 109 Thermal, effects 72 Thermal, expansivity 76 109 114 Thermal, homogeneity 75 Thermal, mode 114 Thermal, properties 76 Thermal, scattering 42 96 Thermal, stresses 98 102 Thermal, wave 92 101 109 110 123 128 160 Thermal, wavelength 123 Thermodynamics 2 9 44 Thermodynamics, parameters 34 Thermoelastic 131 Thermoelastic, scattering 104 Thermometric conductivity 109 114 Thin slab approximation 116 Time-of-flight 13 14 22 31 169 171 172 Timer 13 15 Timer-counter 169 172 Tissue, medical applications 2 Tomography 143 Tone burst 79 80 tr 106 Trace 106 Transducer 14—20 22 23 33 70 79 142 147 150—152 170—174 Transducer, characterization 172 Transducer, excitation 172 Transmission coefficient 16 Triacylglycerols 52 61 62 64 see Triacylglycerols, isomers 52 Triangular wave 18 Trigger 23 79 80 165 169 171 172 Trigger, errors 80 Trigger, settings 172 Triglyceride, triacylglycerol 52 61 75 tuning 147 Turgor 54 Tween 154 162 Tween, diameter of Tween micelle 162 Tween20 69 Ultrasonic Sugar Index 51 Ultrasound, bath 8 Ultrasound, profiler, the Leeds profiler 78 Ultrasound, velocity, meter, UVM 173 Ultrasound, velocity, profiles 76 80 Ultrasound, velocity, technique, advantages and disadvantages 71 Unicellular plant 54 Unreliability 15 Unsaturated bonds 52 Urick equation 27 31 34 40—42 49 52 55—58 63 76 77 81 92 124 133 162 see UVM 50 74 173 Vector, calculus 104 Vector, potential 112 Vector, quantity 106 Vegetables 54 Velocimeter 13 23 Velocity of sound 1 3 8 11 12 15 19 25—31 34 39 Velocity of sound in a cell 54 Velocity of sound in vegetable oils 52 Velocity of sound, emperature coefficient 54 Velocity of sound, temperature dependence 49 Velocity, acoustic 105 Velocity, local velocity of the fluid continuum 105 Velocity, low velocity in bubble suspensions 140 Velocity, sound 105 Velocity, ultrasound 105 Velocity, variation with temperature 52 Velocity, wave velocity 93 Vetruvius 1 Viscoelastic 92 94 106 108 113 152 Viscoinertial 104 110 123 131 133 150 Viscoinertial, scattering 104 123 Viscoplastic 152 153 viscosity 91 92 99 108—110 113 150 151 153 Viscous 92 101 106 109 114 123—127 133 Viscous, decay length 162 Viscous, samples 48 Visual Basic 79 165 Visual Display Unit 165 Volume expansivity 11 44 109 Volume expansivity, negative 11 Volume fraction 41 49 50 58 61 67 74 77 81—84 87 88 94 Volume fraction and number density 140 Water 11 15 17 19 20 24 25 28—31 33 34 36—38 40 42 44 49 50 54—56 58 61 65 66 69—75 77 79 84 88 90 91 96 99—101 103 104 109 118 120 123 126—129 131 133 134 137 138 143 147 157 159 162 171—174 Water, content, determination by velocity of sound 54 Water, droplets 99 Water, equation 93 Water, number 24 Water, phenomenon 1 Water, vector 33 95 99 101 Wave-particle duality 5 Waveform analysis 169 waveforms 14 23 Wavefront 20 22 34 Wavelength 3—7 9 12 18 24 33 104 Wavelength, long wavelength limit 104 Wavenumber 83 100 101 108 116 117 Wavenumber, effective 116 Wavenumbers 105 Wax 129 Weak scattering 92 97 100 104 116 137 Wear plate 14 15 23 Whey solids 65 Windows 165—167 175 Wood equation 26 31 34 81 91 101 153 X-ray 100 Xanthan 77 84 86 87 90 Yield stress 152 161 Yoghurt 153 163 Zeta potential 150 151
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