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Povey M.J. — Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization
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Название: Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids CharacterizationАвтор: Povey M.J. Аннотация: This book is a comprehensive and practical guide to the use of ultrasound for characterizing fluids rapidly and noninvasively. Focusing on ultrasonic velocimetry, the author covers the basic topics and techniques necessary for successful measurements of emulsions, dispersions, multiphase media, and viscoelastic/viscoplastic materials. Advanced techniques such as scattering, particle sizing, and automation are also presented. As a hand-book for industrial and scientific use, Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization will be indispensable to chemists and chemical engineers using ultrasound for research or process monitoring in the chemical, food processing, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biotechnology, and fuel industries.
Язык: Рубрика: Технология /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 1997Количество страниц: 214Добавлена в каталог: 11.03.2010Операции: Положить на полку |
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HPIB see "GPIB IEEE" hydration 34 44 Hydration of a protein 44 Hydration, shell 44 Hydrophilic 159 Hydrophobic 159 Hydrophobic, interactions 134 ICE 51 54 56 59 67 72 74 75 77 Ice cream 163 Ice nucleator 74 75 Ideal solubility equation 64 see IEEE 164 168 169 174 Impedance 16 18—20 147 149 151 Impedance, matching 147 in-line measurement 61 70 Incoherent 144 Inertial 104 106 110 123 124 131 133 150 Inertial, inertial limit 124 Infinite time 103 Inhomogeneous 8 Instantaneous, density 26 Instantaneous, volume 26 Interfaces 109 Interference 171 Interferometry 148 Interparticle forces 160 Interpenetrating systems 134 Inverse problem 145 Isomers, triacylglycerol 52 Isothermal 3 7 8 91 see Isothermal, isothermal compressibility 44 Lagrange 1 Lame constants 108 153 Lanolin 74 75 Laplace, equation 26 34 Laplace, pressure 163 Latex, polystyrene 134 Lattice model 158 Lead zirconium titanate 14 LeCroy 147 148 169 170 Legendre polynomials 111 Light 5 6 Light scattered 171 Light scattering 141—143 145 152 162 Limiting quantities 39 Linear, approximation 20 26 Linear, regression 36 37 Liquid 91 94 96 99—101 104 106 108 109 111 118 134 137 138 140 Liquid, liquidlike behavior 108 Lithium niobate 142 Long wavelength limit 94 98 99 104 113 118 119 125 126 130 131 133 Longitudinal 3 9 Loss, modulus 159 Low frequency behavior 140 Macro 148 165 175 Macromolecules 34 Magnetic flea 67 manufacturers 47 Margarine 61 65 118 Mass fraction 27 36 37 Match, acoustical 16—18 31 Matching 4 147 149 Mathcad 116 130 148 165 Mayonnaise 94 129 Mean of velocity of sound 79 Measurement chain 31 Measurement of the velocity of sound 11 Medical, applications 2 Melting 56 58 60 63 65 67—69 71 Melting, point 60 63 65 67 70 71 Memory effects 106 Method of intercepts 36 37 42 Micelle 75 144 154 159 161 162 Microemulsions 76 Microscopy 163 Mie theory 142 Milk 152 156 159 Mineral oil 54 55 65 66 70 74 84 Minnaert frequency 138 Mismatch see "Impedance" Missing data 146 Mixtures 11 26 29 33 34 42 MODE 92 94 96 101 104 106 109 111 113—118 121 123 124 137 138 Mode, acoustic 106 Mode, propagational 106 Mode, shear 106 Mode, thermal 106 Model-dependent, particle sizing 146 Model-independent 145 Modified scattering coefficients 129 Modified scattering coefficients, 120 Modified Urick equation 41 42 76 77 81 100 125—128 133 140 162 Molality 35 36 38 Molar volume 34 36 37 40 42 44 Molarity 35 38 Mole fraction 37 Molecular formula and ultrasound velocity 52 Molecular, sound velocity 34 Molecular, transitions 44 Molecule 52 75 84 Molecules 9 Molecules, as scatterers 128 Molten globule, protein 44 Monodisperse 77 83 Monopolar 113 mouse click 165 Multiphase 90 Multiple, dispersed phase 129 Multiple, linear regression 36 37 Multiple, regression 58 Multiple, scattering 81 92 96 97 103 116 117 124 127 128 130 133 134 137 138 140—142 153 160 161 Multitasking 165 Musical Air Bubbles 138 N-value 61 National Instruments 165 Navier — Stokes 98 101 106 Near field 20 22 networks 159 175 Neutron 100 Newton 1 3 5 Newton, second law 26 106 Newtonian fluid 108 NMR 60 61 65 68 70—72 141 152 NMR, comparison with ultrasound velocity method 70 Nomoto relation 34 non-Newtonian 101 152 Nucleation 60 72—75 Number density 129 140 Number density and volume fraction 140 Numerical, calculations 118 Numerical, simulations 159 OIL 52 54—56 58 61—63 65 66 68 69 71—74 77 84 86 88 90 129 Oil, droplets 158 161 162 Oil-in-water 54—56 58 61 65 66 69 70 72 73 77 84 88 134 Oils 52 63 65 84 90 Optical 92 Optical, coatings 18 Optical, microscopy 74 Original, density 26 Original, volume 26 Oscilloscope 147 148 169 170 J72 Osmotic potential 54 Ostwald ripening 163 Ovalbumin, thermal denaturation 45 Overlap see "Scattering" Palm oil 61 65 66 69 70 72—74 Paraffin 61—63 65 Parallelism 18 22 Partial, molar volume 36 37 40 42 Partial, partial wave analysis 96 111 Partial, partial wave analysis, PWA 100 Partial, specific adiabatic compressibility 40 Partial, specific volume 40 Partial, volume 36 41 Particle, accelerations 20 Particle, displacement 20 26 Particle, shape 72 Particle, size 70 72 74—77 80 81 83 Particle, size, distribution 72 81 83 118 127 145 152 162 Particle, size, model-dependent approach 146 Particle, size, model-independent approach 145 Particle, size, strategies for determining 147 Particle, sizing 24 92 94 104 120 135 141 PC 165 168 169 Permittivity 93 Phase 5 6 17 18 20 22 24 27 32 33 42 92 94—99 101—103 110 111 115 116 118 119 121—123 125—130 132 Phase of a wave 94 Phase, change 90 102 see Phase, sensitivity 6 Phase, shifts 17 171 172 Phase, transition 54—57 70 Phase, velocity 24 Phase, volume 141 163 Phonons 5 Phospholipids 67 68 Piezoelectric pushers 149 Piston 104 Piston, source 4 20 Pitch and catch 11 Platinum resistance thermometer 14 PNMR 61 PNMR, direct method 61 PNMR, weight method 61 Polydispersity 83 129 162 Polymer 129 142 144 161 Polymer, solutions 144 Polymers 108 Polymorphic form 70 72 Polymorphism 72 Polynomial 34 37 41 Polysaccharide 84 polystyrene 96 Polystyrene, latex 134 Polystyrene, spheres 134 Polyvinylidene difluoride 142 pop 61 pos 61 Potential, scalar potential 105 Potential, vector 112 Potential, vector potential 105 Potential, wave potential 112 Power 16 19 20 29 Power transfer 16 Power, levels 2 8 19 20 PRECISION 14 25 31 Precision of solid fat content measurement 70 Preemptive multitasking 167 Pressure 12 16 19 20 22 26 29 31 33 95 96 99 101 105 106 108—110 114 122 123 128 138 Pressure, hydrostatic 106 Principia 1 Profiler 161 162 165 171 173 Profiles, interpretation of ultrasound velocity 80 profiling 76 77 89 90 Profiling, ultrasound 157 161 162 164 165 173 174 Propagation equations 153 Propagational mode 106 109 111 113 116 Protein 159 Protein, conformation 57 Proteins 44 75 Protocol 168 Prototyping 167 Pulsation 113 138 PuLSE 12 13 15 17 19 20 22—25 31 92 102—104 109 110 134 135 137 Pulse, amplitude 169 Pulse, echo 2 8 11 Pulse, echo, overlap 171 Pulse, echo, reflectometer 148 163 Pulse, envelope 17 24 Pulse, methods 149 154 Pulse, shape 169 Pulse, techniques 24 135 Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, pNMR 61 70 PVDF 142 147 Quantization of sound 5 Quantum, mechanics 5 Quantum, theory 5 Quarter wave 93 Quarter wave, transformer 18 Quartz 18 142 147 Quartz, velocity of sound in 18 Radar 2 Radial, distribution function 140 Radial, velocity 114 RAM 165 RAM, random access memory 165 Random errors 14 Ratio of specific heats 2 108 Rayleigh 93 96 98 Rayleigh — Gans — Debye 142 Rayleigh, scattering 93 162 Reactive, component of impedance 16 Rectified diffusion 20 Reflection 14 16 17 Reflection, coefficient 16 140 163 Reflection, techniques 163 Reflectometer 148 163 Refractive index 51 Relaxation 8 56 57 71 144 Relaxation, accounting for 144 Relaxation, dependence of attenuation on frequency 145 Relaxation, effects 108 Relaxation, frequency see "Relaxation time" Relaxation, time 56 71 Rennet 159 Renormalization 80—83 162 Repetition rate 20 Resistive, component of impedance 16 Resistive, temperature device 14 Resonance 28 138—140 Resonant 137 Resonant, frequency 138 Reverberation 17 18 171 Rheological 88 Rheology 52 Rigidity, modulus 153 159 RS232 164 168 RTD 14 Sa 62 Salt 65 Sample, changer 79 Sample, size 173 Scalar potential 113 Scaling factor 118 Scan, ultrasound profiling 81 82 Scattering 3 5 6 8 10 41 58 72 76 77 80 81 125 Scattering, coefficient 96 102 113 115 117 118 120—125 127—131 137 140 141 145 153 Scattering, coefficient, single particle 115 118 Scattering, concentration dependent multiple scattering 128 Scattering, experimental data 118 Scattering, modified scattering coefficient 127 Scattering, single particle by a bubble 138 Scattering, single particle for bubbles 140 Scattering, strong scattering 137 Scattering, theory 58 76 81 Scattering, thermal 125 Scattering, thermoelastic 104 Scattering, viscoinertial 104 110 Sedimentation 77 seismic 134 Self-consistency 99 103 104
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