Davies J.H. — The physics of low-dimensional semiconductors : an introduction :: Электронная библиотека попечительского совета мехмата МГУ

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Davies J.H. — The physics of low-dimensional semiconductors : an introduction

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Название: The physics of low-dimensional semiconductors : an introduction

Автор: Davies J.H.

Аннотация:

Low-dimensional systems have revolutionized semiconductor physics and had a tremendous impact on technology. Using simple physical explanations, with reference to examples from actual devices, this book introduces the general principles essential to low-dimensional semiconductors. The author presents a formalism that describes low-dimensional semiconductor systems, studying two key systems in detail: the two-dimensional electron gas, employed in field-effect transistors, and the quantum well, whose optical properties have multiple applications in lasers and other opto-electronic devices. The book will be invaluable to undergraduate and first-year graduate physics or electrical engineering students taking courses in low-dimensional systems or heterostructure device physics.

Язык:

Рубрика: Физика/Физика твёрдого тела/Приложения/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

ed2k: ed2k stats

Год издания: 1998

Количество страниц: 438

Добавлена в каталог: 15.08.2005

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Предметный указатель

Energy loss function      376
envelope function      109
Envelope function at bottom of conduction band      110
Envelope function in optical matrix element      388 393
Envelope function, Hamiltonian      110
Envelope function, kink at heterojunctions      112—114
Envelope function, matching at heterojunctions      112
Envelope function, normalization      388
Evanescent waves      152
Exchange potential      346
excitons      8
Excitons in 2D      400—401
Excitons in 3D      398—400
Excitons in quantum well      401—404
Excitons, binding energy in, 2D      400
Excitons, binding energy in, 3D      399
Excitons, effect of interface roughness      405
Excitons, field ionization      404
Excitons, LO phonon scattering      406
Excitons, optical absorption above band gap      399 400
Excitons, optical absorption below band gap      399 400
Excitons, quantum-confined Stark effect      404—405
Excitons, scattering and defects      405—406
Excitons, Schroedinger equation      398
Excitons, Schroedinger equation for relative motion      399
Excitons, Schroedinger equation in quantum well      401
Excitons, Sommerfeld factor      400
Excitons, variational wave functions in quantum well      402
Exclusion principle      30 345 346
expectation values      14—16
Extended zone scheme      47 48
f-sum rule      319 375 422
F-sum rule for $\epsilon_2(\omega)$       376
F-sum rule, proof      327
Fabry — Perot etalon      90 171
Fan diagram      227
Fang — Howard model of 2DEG      347—349
Fang — Howard model of 2DEG, effect of doped substrate      368
Fang — Howard model of 2DEG, energy level      348
Fang — Howard model of 2DEG, parameter b      348
Fang — Howard model of 2DEG, thickness of 2DEG      349
Fang — Howard model of 2DEG, total energy per electron      348
Fang — Howard model of 2DEG, variational wave function      347
Fermi energy      37
Fermi level      31
Fermi level, function of temperature      33
Fermi level, pinning at surface      331
Fermi level, set by gate bias      332
Fermi surface      37
Fermi — Dirac distribution      30
Fermi — Dirac distribution in two-dimensional electron gas      33
Feynman — Hellman theorem      344
Feynman — Hellman theorem, thickness of 2DEG      344
Field ionization      404
Final state effects      124
Fine-structure constant      239
Form factor      357
Form factor, dielectric function      358
Form factor, Fang — Howard approximation for lowest subband      358
Form factor, phonon scattering      364
Fowler — Nordheim tunnelling      260 286
Fractional quantum Hall effect      244—245
Franz — Keldysh effect      212 258
Franz — Keldysh effect, constraint of f-sum rule      377
Free particles      3—4
g-factor      223
GaAs, $\Gamma$ -valley      67
GaAs, crystal structure      58
GaAs, higher conduction bands      68
GaAs, satellite valleys      68
Gauge for electromagnetic fields      207 231—232
Gauge for electromagnetic fields, Aharonov — Bohm effect      233
Gauge for electromagnetic fields, effect on wave function      231
Gauge for electromagnetic fields, gauge invariance      231
Gauge transformation      207
Ge, crystal structure      58
Ge, L-valleys      68
Golden rule, amplitude of final state      292
Golden rule, classical treatment of harmonic perturbation      302
Golden rule, harmonic perturbation      302
Golden rule, impurity scattering      295—299
Golden rule, optical absorption      308—313
Golden rule, phonon scattering      302—308
Golden rule, static perturbation      294
Golden rule, transition rate with $\delta$ -function      294 302
Golden rule, transition rate with density of states      294 302
Gunn effect      68
Hall constant      217
Hall effect      216 230
Hall effect with multiple channels      217 340
Hamiltonian operator      13
Hamiltonian operator for many electrons      345
Hamiltonian operator, diagonalization      251
harmonic oscillator      125 222
Harmonic oscillator due to magnetic field      220
Hartree approximation      345
Hartree approximation, effective Schrodinger equation      346
Hartree — Fock approximation      347
Heisenberg uncertainty principle      17
Hermite polynomials      127 414
Hermite's equation      126 413
Hermite's equation, allowed energies      414
Hermite's equation, solution by power series      413
Hermitian matrices      252
Hermitian operator      15
Heterostructures, band alignment      85
Heterostructures, confinement of light to layers      105 106
Heterostructures, confinement of light to wave guides      106
Heterostructures, doped examples      92—96
Heterostructures, effect of transverse motion on barriers      145
Heterostructures, effects of strain      96—100
Heterostructures, growth      82—85
Heterostructures, growth on patterned substrates      104—105
Heterostructures, horizontal and vertical      92
Heterostructures, matching of wave functions      142 196
Heterostructures, metamorphic      98
Heterostructures, patterning      102—104
Heterostructures, potential step      197
Heterostructures, pseudomorphic      98
Heterostructures, Si-Ge      100—102
Heterostructures, superlattice      197
Heterostructures, type of band alignment      86
Heterostructures, undoped examples      88—91
Hofstadter butterfly      238
Holes      32
Holes in quantum well      384—385
Holes, charge and motion      52
Holes, light and heavy      65 379
Holes, occupation function      32
Holes, warped spheres      66 384
Houston functions      231
Hubbard U      39 340
Hubbard U, negative      340
Hydrogen atom, 2D      139 400
Hydrogen atom, 3D      140 399
Hydrogen atom, Rydberg energy and Bohr radius      139
Impulse response function      372
Impurity scattering in 2DEG      356—361
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG      356—361
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, background impurities      362—363
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, complicated expression      358
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, effect of second subband      361
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, form factor      357
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, general expression      357
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, matrix element      357
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, mobility and mean free path      359
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, simple expression      359
Impurity scattering in a 2DEG, single-particle lifetime      360
Impurity scattering, $\delta$ -function potential      301
Impurity scattering, Born approximation      295

Impurity scattering, cross-section      298
Impurity scattering, general theory      295—299
Impurity scattering, limit as $q \rightarrow 0$       300
Impurity scattering, limit for large q      300
Impurity scattering, short-range impurity      299—301
Impurity scattering, single-particle lifetime      296
Impurity scattering, single-particle lifetime (2D)      296
Impurity scattering, symmetric potentials      298
Impurity scattering, transport lifetime (2D)      297 298
Impurity scattering, transport lifetime (3D)      324
IMREF      37 396
Independent-electron approximation      345
Indirect gap      67 88
Integer quantum Hall effect      228—229 239—242
Integer quantum Hall effect, edge states      239—241
Integer quantum Hall effect, edge states and barriers      242—244
Interband matrix element P and       262 263 315
Interband optical absorption      313—316
Interband optical absorption in 1D and 2D      316
Interband optical absorption, general expression      315
Interband optical absorption, optical joint density of states      315
Interband transitions in quantum wells      387—393
Interband transitions in quantum wells, blue shift      392
Interband transitions in quantum wells, effect of direction of propagation      389
Interband transitions in quantum wells, envelope function matrix element      391
Interband transitions in quantum wells, interband matrix element      389—391
Interband transitions in quantum wells, magnitude of absorption      393
Interband transitions in quantum wells, matrix element      388
Interband transitions in quantum wells, optical joint density of states      392
Interband transitions in quantum wells, selection rules      388—390
Interband transitions in quantum wells, vertical transitions      392
Interface roughness      363 405
Interfaces, normal and inverted      84 363
Intersubband optical transitions in quantum wells      316—321 393—395
Intersubband optical transitions in quantum wells, $\sigma_1$ in terms of oscillator strengths      319
Intersubband optical transitions in quantum wells, general formula for $\sigma_1$       318
Intersubband optical transitions in quantum wells, magnitude of absorption      394
Intersubband optical transitions in quantum wells, polarization of light      316—317
Intersubband optical transitions in quantum wells, transitions to free states      395
Intervalley transfer at heterojunction      197—198
Intervalley transfer at heterojunction in (001)-plane      197
Intervalley transfer at heterojunction in (111)-plane      198
Inversion layer      198
Ionized impurity scattering      92
k-space      25 56
Kane model      377—383
Kane model with spin      381—383
Kane model without spin      378—380
Kane model, effective masses      380 383
Kane model, energies      378 379 383
Kane model, ghost solutions      380
Kane model, Hamiltonian      379 382
Kane model, influence of remote bands      380
Kinematical momentum      208
Knudsen cell      82
Kohn's theorem      408
Kramers — Kronig relations      310 372—373
Kramers — Kronig relations, application to $\bar{\epsilon}_r(\omega)$       376
Kramers — Kronig relations, causality      372
Kramers — Kronig relations, derivation      417—419
Kramers — Kronig relations, over all times      372
Kramers — Kronig relations, over positive times      373
Kronig — Penney model      177
Kronig — Penney model with $\delta$ -function barriers      180
Kronig — Penney model, deduction of Bloch wave vector      179
LA phonon scattering      303—305
LA phonon scattering in 2DEG      364—365
LA phonon scattering in 3D      305
LA phonon scattering, absorption rate      304
LA phonon scattering, emission rate      304
LA phonon scattering, perturbation      303
LA phonon scattering, quasi-elastic approximation      305
Landau gauge      207 219
Landau levels      221 223—227
Landau levels, compressible and incompressible phases      227
Landau levels, degeneracy      224
Landau levels, motion of Fermi level      226
Landau levels, occupation as a function of field      225—226
Landau levels, profile, width, and lifetime of electrons      224
Landau levels, spin splitting      223 228
Landauer — Buettiker formula      189 190 240 243
Leads, definition in tunnelling      162
Lifetime of resonant state      168
Lindhard function      353
LO phonon scattering      306—308
LO phonon scattering in 2DEG      369
LO phonon scattering, effective charge $Q_{eff}$       307
LO phonon scattering, ionization of excitons      406
LO phonon scattering, perturbation      306
LO phonon scattering, rate near threshold      326
Local density of states      29
Localized states      241
Logarithmic derivative      121
Lorentz force      217 235
Lorentz model      349
Lorentz model, response function      421—422
Low-dimensional systems, 0D      142
Low-dimensional systems, 1D      140—141
Low-dimensional systems, 2D      130—133
Low-dimensional systems, effect of finite well      135
Low-dimensional systems, general theory      130—133
Low-dimensional systems, maximum density of carriers      134
Low-dimensional systems, occupation of subbands      133—135
Low-dimensional systems, quasi-2D system      134
Low-dimensional systems, subbands (electric)      132
Luttinger model of valence band      384
Luttinger model of valence band, Luttinger parameters      384
Lyddane — Sachs — Teller relation      75 307
Magnetic depopulation      236
Magnetic field in 2D superlattice      238—239
Magnetic field in narrow channel      233—236
Magnetic field in quantum dots      237
Magnetic field with crossed electric field      229—231
Magnetic field, Aharonov — Bohm effect      233
Magnetic field, conductivity tensor      216
Magnetic field, current density      208
Magnetic field, distribution of current in large field      218—219 242
Magnetic field, fractional quantum Hall effect      244—245
Magnetic field, Hall effect      216
Magnetic field, Hofstadter butterfly      238
Magnetic field, integer quantum Hall effect      228—229 239—242
Magnetic field, Landau levels      221 223—227
Magnetic field, potentials      207
Magnetic field, Schroedinger equation      208
Magnetic field, Schroedinger equation in Landau gauge      219—222
Magnetic field, Schroedinger equation in symmetric gauge      222—223
Magnetic field, Shubnikov — de Haas effect      227
Magnetic field, spin      223
Magnetic field, wave functions in Landau gauge      221—222
Magnetic length      147 220
Magnetic quantum limit      226
Matrix elements      251
Matrix elements, dipole in quantum well      257 320
Matrix form of Schroedinger equation      251
Mattheisen’s rule      362
Matthews — Blakeslee criterion for stability of strained layers      98
MBE      see "Molecular-beam epitaxy"
Mechanical momentum      208 213
Mesoscopic regime      291
Metal-organic chemical vapour deposition      84—85
Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy      84
Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor      81
Metamorphic structures      98 102
Miller indices      59
Miniband      90
Mobility      53 296
Mobility of 2DEG      359 360
Modulation doping      93—94
Modulation-doped layers, band diagram      329—336
Modulation-doped layers, capacitance      335—336

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