Davies J.H. — The physics of low-dimensional semiconductors : an introduction :: Электронная библиотека попечительского совета мехмата МГУ

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Davies J.H. — The physics of low-dimensional semiconductors : an introduction

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Название: The physics of low-dimensional semiconductors : an introduction

Автор: Davies J.H.

Аннотация:

Low-dimensional systems have revolutionized semiconductor physics and had a tremendous impact on technology. Using simple physical explanations, with reference to examples from actual devices, this book introduces the general principles essential to low-dimensional semiconductors. The author presents a formalism that describes low-dimensional semiconductor systems, studying two key systems in detail: the two-dimensional electron gas, employed in field-effect transistors, and the quantum well, whose optical properties have multiple applications in lasers and other opto-electronic devices. The book will be invaluable to undergraduate and first-year graduate physics or electrical engineering students taking courses in low-dimensional systems or heterostructure device physics.

Язык:

Рубрика: Физика/Физика твёрдого тела/Приложения/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

ed2k: ed2k stats

Год издания: 1998

Количество страниц: 438

Добавлена в каталог: 15.08.2005

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Предметный указатель

$Al_xGa_{l-x}As$ , band gap      88
$Al_xGa_{l-x}As$ , change in nature of conduction band      88
$Al_xGa_{l-x}As$ , table of properties      412
$k \cdot p$ theory      261—263
$k \cdot p$ theory at edge of band      262
$k \cdot p$ theory, estimate of       263
$k \cdot p$ theory, interband matrix element      262 263
$k \cdot p$ theory, modified Schroedinger equation      262 378
$\delta$ -doping      356 368
$\delta$ -function barrier      158
$\delta$ -function trick in response functions      322 374
$\delta$ -function well      124 147
2DEG      see "Two-dimensional electron gas"
Acceptors      36
Adiabatic approximation      186
Aharonov — Bohm effect      232—233
AIAs, crystal structure      58
AIAs, X-valleys      68
Airy equation      see "Stokes equation"
Airy functions      129 209 415—416
Airy functions, asymptotic form      415
Airy functions, zeros      415
Airy functions, zeros of derivative      416
Alloy scattering      80 325 363
Anderson localization      241
Anderson’s rule      85
Angular momentum, Quantum number      136
Angular momentum, rules in quantum mechanics      381
Band alignment, band alignment, Anderson’s rule      85
Band alignment, classification      86—87
Band alignment, GaAs — AlAs      86—88
Band alignment, InAs — GaSb      86
Band alignment, lattice-matched examples      87
Band alignment, staggered      86
Band alignment, straddling      86
Band alignment, type I      86
Band alignment, type II      86
Band alignment, type III      86
Band diagram through modulation-doped layers      329—342
Band diagram through modulation-doped layers, behaviour at surface      331
Band diagram through modulation-doped layers, calculation of electrostatic potential      332—333
Band diagram through modulation-doped layers, need for self-consistent calculation      331
Band diagram through modulation-doped layers, relation between Fermi levels and gate bias      332
Band diagram through modulation-doped layers, simple model      331
Band diagram through modulation-doped layers, threshold voltage      335
Band engineering      85—88
Band gaps in higher dimensions      56
Band gaps, alignment at heterojunction      85 86
Band gaps, breakdown (Zener tunnelling)      53
Band gaps, complex band structure      181
Band gaps, direct      67 88
Band gaps, indirect      67 88
Band gaps, location in 1D      49 282
Band gaps, nature of electronic states      181
Band gaps, origin      47
Band gaps, plotted against lattice constant      81
Band gaps, relation to Bragg reflection      47
Band gaps, relation to reciprocal lattice vectors      49
Band gaps, wave functions above and below      50
Band gaps, width from nearly free electron method      283
Band structure in quantum well      384—387
Band structure of common semiconductors      63—68
Band structure of common semiconductors, $\Gamma$ -valley      67
Band structure of common semiconductors, L-valleys      68
Band structure of common semiconductors, light and heavy holes      65
Band structure of common semiconductors, top of valence band      64
Band structure of common semiconductors, valence band      63
Band structure of common semiconductors, X-valleys      67
Band structure, 1D      47 48 55
Band structure, cosine approximation      50
Band structure, different zone schemes      47
Band structure, display in higher dimensions      62
Band structure, distinction between insulators and metals      54
Band structure, effective mass      51
Band structure, free electrons in GaAs      62
Band structure, Kane model      377—383
Band structure, nearly free electron method      280—284
Band structure, reduction to first Brillouin zone      47
Band structure, surface states      69
Band structure, tight-binding method      275—280
Bernard — Durrafourg condition for optical gain      396
Bessel functions      137 299
Bessel functions, asymptotic form      137
Bessel's equation      137
Binding energy      119
Bloch oscillation      53 214
Bloch wave vector (or wave number)      46
Bloch's theorem      46
Bohr magneton      223
Bohr radius      111 139 354
Boltzmann distribution      32
Born approximation      295
Bose — Einstein distribution      38 303
Bragg reflection      47
Bras and kets      251
Brillouin zone      46
Brillouin zone in higher dimensions      56
Brillouin zone, common semiconductors      61
Brillouin zone, notation for special points      61
Broken gap      86
Burstein shift      327
Canonical momentum      208 213
Capacitance of modulation-doped layers      335 336
Capacitance of modulation-doped layers, as probe of density of states      335
Causality      372 417
Centre of symmetry      60
Centrifugal potential      136 140 223
Charge density from wave function      9
chemical potential      38
Circulator      192
classical turning points      264
Coherent transport      150
Coherent transport with many leads      188—195
Coherent transport with many leads, coefficients $T_{mn}$ and       189
Coherent transport with many leads, coherent and incoherent contributions      192
Coherent transport with many leads, contact resistance      195
Coherent transport with many leads, four leads      193—194
Coherent transport with many leads, four-probe resistance      194 195
Coherent transport with many leads, invasive effect of voltage probe      192
Coherent transport with many leads, Landauer conductance      195
Coherent transport with many leads, Landauer — Buettiker formula      189 190
Coherent transport with many leads, modes and channels      188
Coherent transport with many leads, perfectly transmitting wire      195
Coherent transport with many leads, resistance $R_{mn,pq}$       193
Coherent transport with many leads, sum rule for $T_{mn}$       189 190
Coherent transport with many leads, symmetry of conductance matrix      190 192 204
Coherent transport with many leads, t-matrix      189
Coherent transport with many leads, three leads      190—193
Coherent transport with many leads, two- and four-probe measurements      188 194—195
Coherent transport with many leads, two-probe resistance      194
Coherent transport with two leads      184—188
Coherent transport with two leads, conductance from t-matrix      185
Coherent transport with two leads, inodes and channels      184
Coherent transport with two leads, perfectly transmitting wire      195
Coherent transport with two leads, quantum point contact      185—188
Coherent transport with two leads, t-matrix      185
Coherent transport, distribution of incoming electrons      199 200
Coherent transport, inelastic scattering      200
Coherent transport, many leads      188—195
Coherent transport, perfect leads      184
Coherent transport, power dissipation      199
Coherent transport, scattering centre and leads      183
Coherent transport, two leads      184—188
Collisional broadening      294
Commutation relation      19 252
Complete set      250
Complex band structure      181 379
Composite fermions      245
Conductance, quantum unit      165
Conduction band      6

Conduction band of common semiconductors      66—68
Conduction band, $\Gamma$ -valley      67
Conduction band, L-valleys      68
Conduction band, X-valleys      67
Conductivity tensor      216
Conductivity tensor in high magnetic field      218
Conductivity, complex      309
Conductivity, Drude model      53
Conductivity, Kramers — Kronig relations      310
Conductivity, significance of real and imaginary parts      310
Constants of motion      20 252
Contact resistance of reservoir      195
Correlation between electrons      347
Coulomb blockade      174
Coulomb potential energy in Fourier space, 2D      354
Coulomb potential energy in Fourier space, 2D (out of plane)      355
Coulomb potential energy in Fourier space, 3D      350
Coulomb well 2D      139 400
Coulomb well 3D      140 399
Cross-section, impurity scattering      298
Cross-section, short-range potential      300
Cross-section, total, differential, and transport      299
Crystal momentum      46 51 214
Crystal structure, body-centred cubic      57 58
Crystal structure, centre of symmetry      60
Crystal structure, diamond      58
Crystal structure, face-centred cubic      57 58
Crystal structure, planes and directions      59—60
Crystal structure, simple cubic      57 58
Crystal structure, symmetry group      60
Crystal structure, zinc-blende      58
Current 1D tunnelling systems      163—165
Current 2D and 3D tunnelling systems      165—167
Current continuity equation      10 152
Current density from wave function      10
Current density in terms of momentum operator      14
Current density with vector potential      208
Current density, decaying waves      12
Cyclotron energy      147
Cyclotron frequency      219 220
Cyclotron radius      219
Cylindrical well      136—137
Cylindrical well, energies      137
De Broglie relation      3
Debye — Hueckel screening      352
Deformation potential      303
Degenerate distribution of particles      33
Degenerate energy levels      21
Degenerate perturbation theory      273—275
Degenerate perturbation theory, square quantum dot      273—275
Density of states, 1D crystal      54
Density of states, apparent thickness in capacitance      334
Density of states, definition      22
Density of states, effective in classical semiconductor      35
Density of states, free electrons (1D)      25 27
Density of states, free electrons (2D)      27 43
Density of states, free electrons (3D)      26 27
Density of states, general definition      27
Density of states, local      29
Density of states, optical joint      315 392
Density of states, thermodynamic      351 352
Diagonalization      252
Diamagnetic current      208
Diamond lattice      58
dielectric constant      105 349
Dielectric function      350 351 354
Dielectric function for Q = 0 (3D)      353
Dielectric function of plasma      353 375 421
Dielectric function, complex      309
Dielectric function, Kramers — Kronig relations      310
Dielectric function, Lindhard      353
Dielectric function, plasmons      353
Dielectric function, significance of real and imaginary parts      310
Dielectric function, Thomas — Fermi (2D)      354
Dielectric function, Thomas — Fermi (3D)      351
Dipole matrix element      320
Dirac notation      251
Direct gap      67 69 88
Dispersion relations      373
Donors      36
Donors, $\delta$ -doping      356 368
Donors, DX centre      337
Donors, hydrogenic model      111 337
Donors, potential from remote donor (in 2D)      355
Donors, screening (2D)      355 357
Donors, screening (3D)      351
Double-barrier potential      90 168
Drude model      52 216
Drude model, response function      419—421
DX centres      337—340
DX centres, effect on band diagram      337—339
DX centres, effect on density of 2DEG      338
DX centres, effective potential well      337
DX centres, occupation freezes at low temperature      337
Edge states      235 237
Edge states in integer quantum Hall effect      239
Edge states, classical behaviour      235
Effective Hamiltonian      110
Effective Hamiltonian at bottom of conduction band      110
Effective Hamiltonian for donor      110
Effective Hamiltonian in heterostructures      113
Effective mass in cosine band      50
Effective mass in general energy band      51
Effective mass, anisotropic for holes in quantum well      385
Effective mass, density of states      67
Effective mass, longitudinal and transverse      67 198
Effective mass, negative      52
Effective mass, optical      8
Effective mass, reduced      306
Effective-mass approximation      107—111 385 394
Effective-mass approximation at bottom of conduction band      110
Effective-mass approximation for donor      110
Effective-mass approximation, envelope function      109
Effective-mass approximation, extension to heterostructures      111—114
Effective-mass approximation, Hamiltonian      110
Effective-mass approximation, limitations      111
Effective-mass approximation, matching at heterojunctions      112
Eigenstates      13 20—22
Eigenstates, completeness      21 250
Eigenstates, degenerate      21
Eigenstates, expansion of arbitrary state      21 22
Eigenstates, orthogonality      20 250
Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, eigenfunctions, and eigenstates      13 251
Einstein relation      3
Electric field with crossed magnetic field      229—231
Electric field, conduction in a narrow band      215
Electric field, current density      213
Electric field, density of states      210—212
Electric field, Franz — Keldysh effect      212
Electric field, length and energy scales      209
Electric field, local density of states necessary      210
Electric field, narrow electronic band      214—215
Electric field, potentials      207
Electric field, quantum-confined Stark effect      258
Electric field, Schroedinger equation      208
Electric field, wave functions with scalar potential      208—210
Electric field, wave functions with vector potential      213—214
Electric-dipole approximation      312
Electromagnetic potentials      207
Electron affinity      85
Electron gas      37
Electron-hole pair      397
Electronic structure of 2DEG      342—349
Electronic structure of 2DEG, comparison of different approximations      343
Electronic structure of 2DEG, Fang — Howard model      347—349
Electronic structure of 2DEG, quantum mechanics of many electrons      344—347
Electronic structure of 2DEG, simple approximation for energy level      336
Electronic structure of 2DEG, thickness of 2DEG      343
Electronic structure of 2DEG, triangular-well approximation      342—344
Energy bands, cosine approximation      280

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