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Chaikin P.M., Lubensky T.C. — Principles of condensed matter physics
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Íàçâàíèå: Principles of condensed matter physicsÀâòîðû: Chaikin P.M., Lubensky T.C. Àííîòàöèÿ: This book provides an overview of the physics of condensed matter systems. Assuming a familiarity with the basics of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, the book establishes a general framework for describing condensed phases of matter based on symmetries and conservation laws. After surveying the structure and properties of materials with different symmetries, it explores the role of spatial dimensionality and microscopic interactions in determining the nature of phase transitions. Particular attention is given to critical phenomena and renormalization group methods. The properties of liquids, liquid crystals, quasicrystals, crystalline solids, magnetically ordered systems and amorphous solids are investigated in terms of their symmetry, generalized rigidity, hydrodynamics and topological defect structure. In addition to serving as a course text, this book is an essential reference for students and researchers in physics, applied physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering, who are interested in modern condensed matter physics.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ôèçèêà òâ¸ðäîãî òåëà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1995Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 699Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 12.08.2005Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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n-dimensional orthogonal group 228 n-vector elastic energy 298 n-vector models 140 152—154 228—230 267 298 Natural function 112 426 Natural variables 112 Navier — Stokes equations 448—449 678 Nematic liquid crystals 14 58—63 Nematic liquid crystals, cells with non-uniform 300—302 Nematic liquid crystals, fluctuations and light scattering 306 Nematic liquid crystals, Frank elastic energy 298—300 Nematic liquid crystals, Fredericksz transition 302—304 Nematic liquid crystals, homotopy group 524 Nematic liquid crystals, hydrodynamics 434—436 Nematic liquid crystals, order parameter 168 307 420 Nematic liquid crystals, rigid rotor dynamics 417—434 Nematic liquid crystals, topological defects 524—527 Nematic liquid crystals, transition to isotropic phase 168—172 Nematic liquid crystals, transition to smectic phase 210 315 Nematic liquid crystals, twisted nematic (cholesteric) 60 64 Nematic liquid crystals, twisted nematic display 304 Nematogens 171 678 Nernst theorem 111 678 Neutron scattering 7 33—34 87 91 97 400—407 Newton’s laws 441 Noise sources 382 Non-symmorphic space group 57 Nondissipative coefficients 418 Nonlinear sigma model 341 Nonlinearities, elasticity of solids 331 Nonlinearities, renormalization in fluid membranes 629—630 Nonlinearities, smectic elasticity 315 Nonlocal susceptibility 154—156 Normal plane, section 623—624 Normal-to-superconducting transition 157 571—573 Normal-to-superfluid transition 173 Normal-to-superfluid transition, Kosterlitz — Thouless in 2D films 551—555 Nucleation 13 480—483 678 Nucleation, conserved order parameters and spinodal decomposition 484 Nucleation, symmetric unstable quench with modal A dynamics 483—484 Nucleation, with a nonconserved order parameter 480—483 Number density operator 34 octahedron 189 One-dimensional chains 72 One-dimensional crystal 322 One-dimensional order 15 One-dimensional order, in three-dimensional materials 71—77 One-dimensional order, Ising model 242—245 One-loop approximation 224 One-particle reducible diagrams 279 One-phonon scattering 407 Onsager reciprocity theorem 492 678 Onsager relation 454 678 Opalescence 4 165 Order parameters 128 133 231 Order parameters, see “xy” Order parameters, see “Ferromagnetic” Order parameters, 156 Order parameters, and symmetry 139 Order parameters, antiferromagnetic 136 177 435 Order parameters, crystal 48 177 435 Order parameters, exponent 233 682 Order parameters, ferromagnetic 168 420 Order parameters, hexatic 68 Order parameters, Ising 152 Order parameters, liquid-gas 161 Order parameters, modulated 186 Order parameters, nematic 168 420 Order parameters, smectic 65 Order parameters, spaces and homotopy 501—506 Order parameters, superfluid heliem 460 (see also “xy”) Order parameters, U(1) see “xy” Order parameters, with more than two components 499—501 Order parameters, xy 139 289 460 Order-disorder transition 135 230 Ordered systems, thermodynamics of 127—132 Organic conductor 77 Ornstein — Zernicke theory 156 165 679 Orthogonality condition 98 Osmotic compressibility 488 Overdamped oscillator 361 Pair correlation function 37 Pair distribution function 36 39 679 Pair distribution function, noninteracting gas 125 Paramagnetic phase 87 176 679 Paramagnetic state 128 Partial dislocations 516 Partition function 120 Pauli exclusion principle 20 Pauli spin operator 25 Penrose tile 83 679 Percolation 202 285 679 Percus — Yevick equation 40 Periodic boundary condition 98 Periodic solids 2 43 47 512—515 Permeation mode 458 Persistence length 628 679 Perturbation theory, diagrammatic 277—283 Phase space 117—122 Phasons 615—616 679 Phasons, pinned 617—618 Phonons 679 (see also “Sound”) photons 33—34 88 Planar curve 621 Planar magnet 436—438 plaquette 249 250 578 Plasma, classical 205 Plate-like molecule 68 Plumbers’ nightmare 71 74 327 679 Point scatterers 76 Poisson bracket 218 359 393 428 465 472—477 475—477 679 Poisson bracket, commutation, relation 432 Poisson ratio 378 533 680 Poisson ratio, negative 338 632 Poisson summation formula 582 589 680 Pokrovsky — Talapov free energy 636 648 680 Polarized light, scattering intensity 307 Pole structure and dynamic response 396—398 Polymerized membranes 633 Polymers 90—97 Poor solvent 93 671 Potts critical end-point 256 Potts lattice gas 253—256 Potts model 140 201—202 579—582 592—593 680 Potts model, and percolation 285—286 Potts model, four states 592—593 Power spectrum 355 683 Power-law peak 325 Pressure 110 116—117 335 340 344 444 449 455 459 462 Pressure, Laplace 487 675 Primitive translation vector 43 Primitive unit cell 43 Quadratic anisotropy 269 Quantized flux 572 Quantum fluctuation 10 Quasi-Bragg peak 61 313 325 Quasi-crystals 82—85 563 570 Quasi-elastic scattering 32 Quasi-long-range order (QLRO) 61 296 322 341 555 680 Quasi-periodic structures 77 (see also “Incommensurate”) Quasi-static process 110 Quench 483 Radial distribution function 37 40 93 Radius of gyration 91 680 Random close packed lattice 105 Random forces 381—383 Random isotropic fractals 90—97 Random phase approximation 226 Random walk 4 90 375 680 Random-close-packed spheres 41 Rayleigh peak 452 680 Rayleigh scattering 377—378 Reactive couplings 428 Reactive current 427 Reciprocal lattice 45 46 187 Reciprocal lattice, incommensurate 80 83 614 Reciprocal lattice, quasicrystal 85 Rectilinear diameters, law of 166 Relevant field 241 253 Renormalization group 242—275 681 Renormalization group, fluid membranes 624 Renormalization group, Kosterlitz — Thouless 542—550 554—557 Renormalization group, nonlinear 314—317 Renormalization group, polymerized membranes 625 (see also “Momentum shell renormalization group” “Migdal resistors 381 Response functions 325 362—365 371—373 Response functions, diffusion 372 Response functions, dissipation 394—395 Response functions, fluctuation-dissipation theorem 387 397—398 Response functions, harmonic oscillator 362—365 Response functions, helium films 554 Response functions, hydrodynamic 425 430 452 Response functions, response to external fields 390—392 Response functions, spectral representations 395—397 Response functions, sum rules, and moment expansions 398 Response functions, symmetry properties of response functions 392—394 (see also “Correlation functions dynamic”) Rigid rod 58 Rigid rotors on a lattice 419—433 Rigidity 10 (see also “Elasticity”) Rod-like molecule 68 Rotational invariance 35 Rotationally isotropic 38 Roughening and faceting 648—655 Roughening and faceting, Gaussian model 645—646 Roughening and faceting, roughening transition 646—648 Roughening and faceting, solid-on-solid model 645—646 runaway 268 Saddle point 223—224 624 Scaled equation of state 234 Scaling 213 Scaling, corrections to 241 Scaling, dynamic 469 Scaling, energy density 240 Scaling, in critical phenomena 230—234 Scattering chapter 2 29—33 399—410 diffuse Scattering potential 47 Schrodinger equation 390 394 Schroinger operator 567 Screening in a classical plasma 207 Screw axis 57 Screw dislocation 509 522 532 Screw dislocation, energy of 532—533 539 SDS-pentanol-water lamellar smectic 314 Second law, thermodynamics 111 119 424 Second-order phase transition 5 144 213—283 Second-order phase transition, 156—157 202—204 263—273 Second-order phase transition, 175 Second-order phase transition, 179 Second-order phase transition, bicritical-tetracritical 181—183 209 Second-order phase transition, commensurate-incommensurate 77—82 89 603 640—643 Second-order phase transition, dislocation mediated melting 555—559 Second-order phase transition, EuO 235 Second-order phase transition, hexatic-isotropic fluid 558 Second-order phase transition, Ising 146—152 153—156 248—253 Second-order phase transition, Kosterlitz — Thouless 542—554 Second-order phase transition, Landau point in biaxial nematics 212 Second-order phase transition, Lifshitz 184—187 211 Second-order phase transition, liquid-gas 159—167 Second-order phase transition, nonlinear 314—316 Second-order phase transition, percolation 202 Second-order phase transition, Potts lattice gas 253—255 Second-order phase transition, roughening 643 Second-order phase transition, self-consistent field 226—230 Second-order phase transition, superconducting 158 571—573 Second-order phase transition, TGB-cholesteric 556—558 Second-order phase transition, TGB-smectic-A 565—566 Second-order phase transition, tricritical 173—175 209 Self-avoiding random walk (SAW) 93—94 140 Self-consistent field approximation 226—230 Self-diffusion 376—378 Self-similar 90 681 Shear (transverse) sound mode 2 369 459 Shear distortion 8 317—318 shear modulus 320 555 Shear viscosity 447 Short-range order 58 322 Short-time behavior 385—387 Simple cubic (SC), lattice 53 Sine-Gordon 589 Sine-Gordon, soliton 599 Single scattering 33 Singular continuous function 604 SLIP 520 Smectic liquid crystals 58—65 681 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals 15 61—65 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, dislocations 308 507—512 561—573 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, elastic free energy 309—312 536 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, elasticity 308—316 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, fluctuations 312—314 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, hydrodynamics 456—459 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, nonlinearities 314—315 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, order parameter 61 308 315 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, order parameter space 509 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, transition to nematic phase 315—316 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, transition to smectic-C phase 158 216 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-A liquid crystals, types I and II 564 682 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-B phase 66 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-C phase 61—64 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-C phase, disclinations 506 509 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-C phase, order parameter 64 506 Smectic liquid crystals, smectic-F and -L phase 68 70 Smoluchowski equation 388—389 473 Sodium nitrite 79 81 Soft mode 290 Solid-on-solid (SOS) models 645 Solitary wave 681 (see also “Solitons”) Solitons 590 600 681 Solitons, sine-Gordon 599 (see also “Walls kinks Solvents 93 671 Solvents, 94 96 Sound 429 Sound velocity 429 Sound, first in superfluid helium 464 Sound, in model rotator system 429 Sound, longitudinal in crystal 460 Sound, longitudinal in elastic continuum 367 Sound, longitudinal in isotropic fluid 450 Sound, second in superfluid helium 454 Sound, third in superfluid helium films 553 Sound, transverse in crystals 460 Sound, transverse in elastic continuum 367 Spatial dimension 15 Spatial homogeneity 38 Specific heat 115 231 425 Specific heat, exponent a 233 Spin correlation function 295 577—578 Spin dynamics 434—435 Spin systems, antiferromagnet isotropic 438—439 Spin systems, ferromagnets isotropic 439 Spin systems, generalized Heisenberg models 435—436 Spin systems, planar magnet 436—438 Spin waves 434 440 681 Spin-density wave 136 681 Spin-flip 15 24 Spin-flop transition 182 681 Spin-orbit interaction 177 Spin-spin correlation function 130 Spin-wave stiffness 290 341 346 542—544 681 Spinodal curve 484 681 Spinodal decomposition 484—489 681 Splay 299 681
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