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Slater J.C. — Introduction To Chemical Physics
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Íàçâàíèå: Introduction To Chemical Physics
Àâòîð: Slater J.C.
Àííîòàöèÿ: It is probably unfortunate that physics and chemistry over were separated. Chemistry is the science of atoms and of the way they com bine. Physics deals with the interatomic forces and with the large-scale properties of matter resulting from those forces. So long as chemistry was largely empirical and nonmathematical, and physics had not learned how to treat small-scale atomic forces, the two sciences seemed widely separated. But with statistical mechanics and the kinetic theory on the one hand and physical chemistry on the other, the two sciences began to come together. Now that statistical mechanics has led to quantum theory and wave mechanics, with its explanations of atomic interactions, there is really nothing separating them any more. A few years ago, though their ideas were close together, their experimental methods were still quite different chemists dealt with things in test tubes, making solutions, pre cipitating and filtering and evaporating, while physicists measured every thing with galvanometers and spectroscopes. But even this distinction has disappeared, with more and more physical apparatus finding its way into chemical laboratories. A wide range of study is common to both subjects. The sooner we realize this the better. For want of abetter name, since Physical Chemistry is already preempted, we may call this common field Chemical Physics. It is an overlapping field in which both physicists and chemists should be trained. There 4 seems no valid reason why their training in it should differ. This book is an attempt to incorporate some of the material of this common field in a unified presentation. What should be included in a discussion of chemical physics Logi cally, we should start with fundamental principles. We should begin with mechanics, then present electromagnetic theory, and should work up to wave mechanics and quantum theory.
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Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö
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Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1939
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 521
Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 18.08.2009
Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Kirchhoff's law 309—310
Krypton, atomic volume 384
Krypton, data regarding crystals 416
Krypton, specific heat 130
Krypton, Van der Waals constants 408
Lanthanum, crystal structure 447
Lanthanum, equation of state 451
Latent heat, of evaporation of electrons 464 469—470 481—484
Latent heat, of fusion 171—180 258—269
Latent heat, of vaporization 171—180 258—260
Latent heat, of vaporization, and Van der Waals' equation 189
Latent heat, of vaporization, of metals 452—454
Latent heat, of vaporization, of organic compounds, table 434
Latent heat, of vaporization, table of 414
Lattice energies, alkali halides 395—396
Lattice spacings, ionic crystals 381—382
Lattice spacings, metals 447
Lead bromide, chloride, iodide, data regarding melting point 259
Lead, crystal structure 447
Lead, data regarding melting 259
Lead, Debye temperature 237
Lead, equation of state 451
Lewis, G.N., and homopolar bond 400—408
Linear oscillator, and black-body radiation 314-316
Linear oscillator, and equipartition of energy 58
Linear oscillator, and vibration of atoms and molecules in crystals 211—240
Linear oscillator, and vibration of diatomic molecules 140—149
Linear oscillator, quantum theory 39—40 42
Liouville's theorem 37—38 44—46 88
Liquefaction of gases 198
Liquids 165—174 256—269
Liquidus 281
Lithium fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, data regarding crystals 381 393 395
Lithium nitrate, data regarding melting point 259
Lithium, compressibility 202
Lithium, crystal structure 447
Lithium, equation of state and energy 451 454—455
Lithium, molecule, characteristic temperature, for rotation 136
Lithium, molecule, characteristic temperature, for vibration 142
Lithium, molecule, dissociation 133
Lithium, molecule, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant 132
Longitudinal waves in solids 222—240
Madelung, electrostatic energy of crystals 385—388
Magnesium oxide, sulphide, selenide, data regarding crystals 381
Magnesium, crystal structure 447
Magnesium, data regarding melting point 259 261
Magnesium, equation of state and energy 451 454
Magnesium, molecular volume 261
Magnesium, phase equilibrium in alloys 274 287—288
Magnesium, thermal expansion 261
Manganese, crystal structure 447—448
Manganese, data regarding melting point 259
Manganese, equation of state 451
Mass action law 151—158
Mass action law, applied to atomic processes 334—335
Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution 52—64
Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution and activation 159
Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution and Fermi — Dirac and Einstein — Bose statistics 74 84
Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution and fluctuations 101—104
Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution and mean moment of rotating dipole 361 364
Maxwell's demon 45—46
Maxwell's distribution of velocities 55—58
Maxwell's distribution of velocities and kinetic methods 91—96
Maxwell's distribution of velocities in arcs 333
Maxwell's relations 26
Mean free path 328
Mechanical equivalent of heat 5 8
Mechanical work see “External work”
Melting 23 166—169 171—176 256—269
Melting of alloys 278—290
Melting points, ionic crystals, table 381—382
Melting points, of chain compounds 422
Mercuric bromide, data regarding melting point 259
Mercuric iodide, data regarding melting point 259
Mercuric sulphide, selenide, telluride, data regarding crystals 382
Mercury, crystal structure 447
Mercury, data regarding melting point 259
Metallic bond 374—376 451—454
Metals 376 444—470 472—501
Metasilicate ion, structure 437
Metastable equilibrium 163
Methane, boiling point 426
Methane, data regarding melting point 259
Methane, heat of vaporization 434
Methane, valence structure of molecule 401
Methane, Van der Waals constants 408 411
Methyl alcohol, data regarding melting point 259
Methyl alcohol, heat of vaporization 434
Methyl alcohol, structure of molecule 427
Methyl alcohol, Van der Waals constants 408
Methyl chloride, boiling point 426
Methyl chloride, heat of vaporization 434
Methyl chloride, structure of molecule 425
Methyl chloride, Van der Waals constants 408
Methyl ether, Van der Waals constants 408
Methylamine, structure of molecule 427
Methylamine, Van der Waals constants 408
Mica, structure 439
Microcanonical assembly 46
Microscopic properties 32—35
Microscopic reversibility 88 331
Mixture of gases 120—124
Mixture of gases and chemical equilibrium 154—158
Molecular orbitals 368
Molecular phase space, and Fermi — Dirac and Einstein — Bose statistics 65—86
Molecular phase space, and Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution 52—64
Molecular volume, of liquids, table 408
Molecular volume, table of 261
Molecules, sizes of 409—410
Molecules, sizes of, in valence compounds see also “Diatomic molecules; Polyatomic molecules” 375—376
Molybdenum, crystal structure 447
Molybdenum, Debye temperature 237
Molybdenum, equation of state and crystal structure 451 454
Moment of inertia, diatomic molecule 134—135
Momentum 36 38—43
Momentum and approach to equilibrium 87
Momentum of radiation 311
Monatomic gases, and Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution 53—64
Morse curves 133
Morse curves and metals 452
Multiplets 344
Naphthalene, heat of vaporization 434
Naphthalene, structure of crystal 432
Naphthalene, structure of molecule 430
Naphthalene, Van der Waals constants 408
Neon, atomic volume 384
Neon, data regarding crystals 416
Neon, specific heat 130
Neon, Van der Waals constants 408
Newton's Second Law of Motion 3
NH, characteristic temperature, for rotation 136
NH, characteristic temperature, for vibration 142
NH, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant 132
Nickel, alloys with copper 458
Nickel, crystal structure 447
Nickel, data regarding melting point 259
Nickel, equation of state and energy 451 454
Nickel, phase equilibrium in alloys 274 279—282
Nitrate ion 357
Nitrate ion valence structure 406
Nitric oxide, characteristic temperature data regarding melting point 259
Nitric oxide, characteristic temperature for rotation 136
Nitric oxide, characteristic temperature for vibration 142
Nitric oxide, characteristic temperature heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant 132
Nitric oxide, specific heat 137
Nitric oxide, valence structure 403
Nitric oxide, Van der Waals constants 408
Nitrogen, and homopolar bonds 400—408
Nitrogen, characteristic temperature, for rotation 136
Nitrogen, characteristic temperature, for vibration 142
Nitrogen, crystal structure 417
Nitrogen, data regarding melting point 259
Nitrogen, dissociation 133
Nitrogen, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant 132
Nitrogen, heat of vaporization 414
Nitrogen, Van der Waals constants 408
Nitrous oxide, Van der Waals constants 408
Nonconservative force 3
Normal modes of vibration 215 222—255
Nucleus, atomic 336
Octane, Van der Waals constants 408
OH, characteristic temperature, for rotation 136
OH, characteristic temperature, for vibration 142
OH, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant 132
Ohm's law 484—489
Opalescense 111
Order-disorder transition 293—304
Organic compounds 376 420—434
Orthosilicate radical, structure 435
Osmium, crystal structure 447
overtones 215 222—255
Oxygen, and homopolar bonds 400—408
Oxygen, characteristic temperature, for rotation 136
Oxygen, characteristic temperature, for vibration 142
Oxygen, combination with hydrogen to form water 151—164
Oxygen, data regarding melting point 259
Oxygen, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant 132
Oxygen, heat of vaporization 414
Oxygen, Van der Waals constants 408
Palladium, crystal structure 447
Palladium, equation of state 451
Partial derivatives 16 18—20 23—30
Partial pressure 120—121
Partial pressure and chemical equilibrium 151—158
Partition function, and fluctuations 106
Partition function, and melting 265—269
Partition function, and second virial coefficient 191—196
Partition function, and statistical mechanics 50—51
Partition function, for perfect gas 125—128
Partition function, for rotation, diatomic molecule 138—140
Partition function, for solids 213—218
Partition function, for vibration, diatomic molecule 143
Pauli exclusion principle 342
Pauli exclusion principle and exchange effect 369
Pauli exclusion principle and metals 475—476
Perfect gas 17 30
Perfect gas and Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution 53—64
Perfect gas chemical equilibrium in 150—165
Perfect gas polyatomic 130—149
Perfect gas translational energy levels in quantum theory 54—55
Perfect gas, thermodynamic and statistical treatment 115—129
Periodic potential in metal 473 489—501
Periodic table 344—351
permutations 67
Phase changes of second order 291—304
phase diagram 166—168
Phase diagram binary systems 281—287
Phase equilibrium 166—170
Phase equilibrium binary system 270—290
Phase space 36—43
Phase space and Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution 52—64
Phosphine, valence structure of molecule 405
Phosphine, Van der Waals constants 408
Phosphonium ion 378
photoelectric effect 316—320
Photon 316—320 323—326
Planck's constant 39
Planck, black-body radiation 307—320 325—326
Planck, probability and entropy 34
Platinum, crystal structure 447
Platinum, data regarding melting point 259
Platinum, Debye temperature 237
Platinum, equation of state and energy 451 454
Poisson's ratio and velocity of elastic waves 238 240
Polarization, and interatomic forces 363—367 398—399 410—414
Polarization, of light 308
Polyatomic gases 130—149
Polyatomic gases internal coordinates 124
Polymorphic phases 167—170 180—181 220—221 448
Potassium bromide, data regarding crystals 381 393 395
Potassium bromide, data regarding melting point 259 261
Potassium bromide, molecular volume 261
Potassium bromide, thermal expansion 261
Potassium chloride, data regarding crystals 381 393 395
Potassium chloride, data regarding melting point 259 261
Potassium chloride, Debye temperature 391
Potassium chloride, molecular volume 261
Potassium chloride, thermal expansion 261
Potassium dichromate, data regarding melting point 259
Potassium fluoride, data regarding crystals 381 393 395
Potassium fluoride, data regarding melting point 259
Potassium hydroxide, data regarding melting point 259
Potassium iodide, data regarding crystals 381 393 395
Potassium nitrate, data regarding melting point 259
Potassium, compressibility 202
Potassium, crystal structure 447
Potassium, data regarding melting point 259 261
Potassium, Debye temperature 237
Potassium, equation of state and energy 451 454—455
Potassium, molecular volume 261
Potassium, molecule, characteristic temperature, for rotation 136
Potassium, molecule, characteristic temperature, for vibration 142
Potassium, molecule, dissociation 133
Potassium, molecule, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant 132
Potassium, thermal expansion 261
potential energy 3
Potential energy and Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution 54 62—64
Potential energy of interatomic forces 131—133 191—196 352—376
Potential, electrostatic 353—367
Pressure 17
Pressure and chemical equilibrium 151—158
Pressure and equation of state of ionic crystals 392—396
Pressure and equation of state of metals 450—456
Pressure and equation of state of solids 199—221
Pressure and equilibrium of phases 166—181
Pressure of imperfect gases, and Van der Waals' equation 182—198
Pressure of mixtures of gases, and partial pressure 120—121 128
Pressure of perfect gases 58—60
Pressure of perfect gases Fermi — Dirac statistics 79
Pressure of radiation 311
Probability, a priori 36 38 127
Probability, and Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution 53
Probability, of transition 324—333
Probability, Thermodynamic 34
Propane, heat of vaporization 434
Propane, structure of molecule 421
Propane, Van der Waals constants 408
Pyrometer 312—313
Quadrupole moment 356—357
Quantum defect 340—341
Quantum theory 36 38—43 45—46
Quantum theory and atomic structure 339—344
Quantum theory and equation of state and specific heat of solids 215—221 234—240
Quantum theory and identical particles 129
Quantum theory and kinetic method 96—100
Quantum theory and liquids 265
Quantum theory and radiation 314—320
Quantum theory and specific heat of polyatomic gases 138—149
Quantum theory and structure of metals 489—501
Quantum theory and translational energy levels 54—55
Quasi-ergodic motion 38
Quenching 181
Radiation 307—326
Radii, of atoms 342
Radii, of atoms table of 349
Radii, of ions 382—385
Ramsauer effect 330
Randomness 9—12 32—35 43—46
Randomness and melting 262—264
Rate of reaction 150—154 158—165
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