Íàøëè îïå÷àòêó? Âûäåëèòå åå ìûøêîé è íàæìèòå Ctrl+Enter
Íàçâàíèå: Introduction To Chemical Physics
Àâòîð: Slater J.C.
Àííîòàöèÿ:
It is probably unfortunate that physics and chemistry over were separated. Chemistry is the science of atoms and of the way they com bine. Physics deals with the interatomic forces and with the large-scale properties of matter resulting from those forces. So long as chemistry was largely empirical and nonmathematical, and physics had not learned how to treat small-scale atomic forces, the two sciences seemed widely separated. But with statistical mechanics and the kinetic theory on the one hand and physical chemistry on the other, the two sciences began to come together. Now that statistical mechanics has led to quantum theory and wave mechanics, with its explanations of atomic interactions, there is really nothing separating them any more. A few years ago, though their ideas were close together, their experimental methods were still quite different chemists dealt with things in test tubes, making solutions, pre cipitating and filtering and evaporating, while physicists measured every thing with galvanometers and spectroscopes. But even this distinction has disappeared, with more and more physical apparatus finding its way into chemical laboratories. A wide range of study is common to both subjects. The sooner we realize this the better. For want of abetter name, since Physical Chemistry is already preempted, we may call this common field Chemical Physics. It is an overlapping field in which both physicists and chemists should be trained. There 4 seems no valid reason why their training in it should differ. This book is an attempt to incorporate some of the material of this common field in a unified presentation. What should be included in a discussion of chemical physics Logi cally, we should start with fundamental principles. We should begin with mechanics, then present electromagnetic theory, and should work up to wave mechanics and quantum theory.
Elastic vibrations of solids, and specific heat222—255 Electron affinity338 Electron gas, and Fermi — Dirac statistics81 Electron gas, and metallic structure475—484 Electron volt, numerical value132—133318 Electrons and atomic structure337—351 Electrons and atomic structure and structure of metals472—501 Electrostatics, and field in metal472—489 Electrostatics, and interatomic forces353—367 Electrostatics, and ionic crystals385—390 Emission of radiation309—310317—320322—333 Emissive power309—310325—326 Energysee “Conservation of energy; Internal energy; Kinetic energy; Potential energy“ Energy bands in metals493—501 Energy density, in radiation310—316324—326 energy levels41—42 Energy levels of atomic systems322338—344 Energy of activation159—164257 Ensemblesee “Assembly” Enthalpy, and Joule — Thomson effect197—198 Enthalpy, and latent heats175—178 Enthalpy, and thermodynamics20—21 Entropy, and equilibrium of phases170—173 Entropy, and fluctuations107 Entropy, and kinetic method89—9198—99 Entropy, and phase change of second order291—304 Entropy, and phase equilibrium in binary systems272—290 Entropy, and statistical mechanics32—3543—51 Entropy, and thermodynamics9—1417—1821 Entropy, in Fermi — Dirac and Einstein — Bose statistics69—72 Entropy, of diatomic gas140 Entropy, of fusion171—180258—269 Entropy, of mixture of gases121—123128—129 Entropy, of perfect gas117—119127 Entropy, of perfect gas, Fermi — Dirac statistics78—79 Entropy, of solids207—218 Entropy, of vaporization171—180 Equation of state, and phase equilibrium169—170 Equation of state, and radiation325 Equation of state, and thermodynamics16—1822—2329—30 Equation of state, between liquid and solid266—269 Equation of state, between metals and electron gas463—464 Equation of state, between phases166—181184—190 Equation of state, between phases in binary systems270—290 Equation of state, chemical150—165 Equation of state, of imperfect gases182—198 Equation of state, of ionic crystals385—396 Equation of state, of metals450—456479—480 Equation of state, of perfect gas58—61 Equation of state, of perfect gas Fermi — Dirac statistics82 Equation of state, of solids199—221 Equation of state, thermal13—152337—3846—519698 Equilibrium, between atoms and electrons333—335 Equipartition of energy, and Maxwell's distribution57—58 Equipartition of energy, and specific heat, of polyatomic gases134144146 Equipartition of energy, and specific heat, of solids213 Ethane, heat of vaporization434 Ethane, hindered rotation147—148 Ethane, structure of molecule402420—421 Ethane, Van der Waals constants408 Ethyl alcohol, data regarding melting point259 Ethyl alcohol, heat of vaporization434 Ethyl alcohol, Van der Waals constants408 Ethyl ether, heat of vaporization434 Ethyl ether, structure of molecule427 Ethyl ether, Van der Waals constants408 Ethylene, structure of molecule402428 Ethylene, Van der Waals constants408411 Eutectic284—285 Exchange, and interatomic forces367—374 Excitation of atoms321—333343 Exclusion principle342 Exclusion principle and interatomic forces369—372 Explosion158—159 External work37—91721—22 External work and statistical mechanics49 Face-centered cubic structure, and metals445—447 Face-centered cubic structure, and molecular vibrations232 Face-centered cubic structure, and order-disorder293 Face-centered cubic structure, description and figure415 Face-centered cubic structure, in inert gases416 Fermi-Dirac statistics5265—85 Fermi-Dirac statistics and atomic structure342 Fermi-Dirac statistics and exchange effect369 Fermi-Dirac statistics and fluctuations108—109 Fermi-Dirac statistics and kinetic method96—100 Fermi-Dirac statistics and metals471475—484 Fermi-Dirac statistics and perfect gas126 ferromagnetism292—293 Fibers, silicate439 Field, electric, and interatomic forces359—360366 Field, in metal472—501 First law of thermodynamics7—819 First law of thermodynamics and statistics49—51 Fluctuations32101—111 Fluorite structure396—397 Forces between molecules130—133 Forces between molecules and Van der Waals' equation182—184194—196 Forces between molecules in solids271—277 Forces between molecules interpretation from atomic theory352—376 Formic acid, structure of molecule427 Free electrons in metals475—489 Free energy, Gibbs, and chemical equilibrium154—158 Free energy, Gibbs, and equilibrium of phases170—180 Free energy, Gibbs, and melting265—269 Free energy, Gibbs, and phase changes of second order296—304 Free energy, Gibbs, and phase equilibrium in binary systems270278—290 Free energy, Gibbs, and thermionic emission463—464 Free energy, Gibbs, and thermodynamics22—23 Free energy, Gibbs, and Van der Waals' equation184—189 Free energy, Gibbs, of diatomic gas140 Free energy, Gibbs, of mixture of gases123—124 Free energy, Gibbs, of perfect gas120 Free energy, Gibbs, of solids205—211 Free energy, Helmholtz, and Fermi — Dirac and Einstein — Bose statistics737982 Free energy, Helmholtz, and melting265—269 Free energy, Helmholtz, and second virial coefficient193—194 Free energy, Helmholtz, and statistical mechanics50—51 Free energy, Helmholtz, and thermodynamics21—22 Free energy, Helmholtz, of perfect gas119126 Free energy, Helmholtz, of solids205—211216—218 Free expansion of gas30196—198 Freezingsee “Melting” Frequency of oscillation, diatomic molecule141 Frequency of oscillation, molecular solid241—255 Frequency of oscillation, solid213—240 Friction3 Fusion23166—169171—176256—269 Gallium, crystal structure447 Gallium, data regarding melting point259 Gas constant33 Gas constant numerical values60 Gases, and equilibrium with other phases166—180 Gases, imperfect, and Van der Waals' equation182—198 Gases, perfect1730 Gases, perfect and Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution53—64 Gases, perfect, chemical equilibrium in150—165 Gases, perfect, polyatomic130—149 Gases, perfect, thermodynamic and statistical treatment115—129 Gases, perfect, translational energy levels in quantum theory54—55 Gases, Van der Waals constants408 Gauss error curve106 Germanium, crystal structure444447—449 Germanium, melting point449 Gibbs3244107 Gibbs free energysee “Free energyGibbs” Gibbs's paradox129 Glass256—258 Glass structure442 Glass variability of composition273
Gliding457 Gold, crystal structure447 Gold, data regarding melting point259 Gold, Debye temperature237 Gold, equation of state and energy451454 Gold, order-disorder in alloys293—294 Graphite structure429 Gravity4 Gruneisen, of ionic crystals392—394 Gruneisen, of metals451—456 Gruneisen, thermal expansion217—221238—240 H theorem90 Hafnium, crystal structure447 Hafnium, equation of state451 Halogens, and homopolar bonds400—408 Halogens, and organic compounds425—426 Halogens, characteristic temperature, for rotation136 Halogens, characteristic temperature, for vibration142 Halogens, data regarding melting point259 Halogens, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant132 Heat absorption7—912—1320 Heat absorption and statistical mechanics49 heat capacitysee “Specific heat” heat engine13172 Heat flow12—13 Heat, latentsee “Latent heatofof Heat, of dissociation, and equilibrium of ions and electrons334 Heat, of dissociation, diatomic molecules, table132 Heat, of reaction156—158 Heat, specificsee “Specific heat” Heitler — London method367—368 Helium, specific heat130 Helium, Van der Waals constants408 Helmholtz free energysee “Free energyHelmholtz” Hexagonal close-packed structure, and metals445—447 Hexagonal close-packed structure, and molecular vibration232 Hexagonal close-packed structure, description and figure417 Hexane, structure of molecule423 Hindered rotation147—149417—418 Homopolar valence attraction373—376400—407 Homopolar valence attraction and organic compounds420—434 Homopolar valence attraction and silicates435—443 Hydrogen bromide, data regarding melting point259 Hydrogen bromide, valence structure404—405 Hydrogen bromide, Van der Waals constants408 Hydrogen chloride, characteristic temperature, for rotation136 Hydrogen chloride, characteristic temperature, for vibration142 Hydrogen chloride, crystal structure and hindered rotation417 Hydrogen chloride, data regarding melting point259 Hydrogen chloride, dipole moment358 Hydrogen chloride, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant132 Hydrogen chloride, heat of vaporization414 Hydrogen chloride, valence structure404—405 Hydrogen chloride, Van der Waals constants408 Hydrogen sulphide, valence structure405 Hydrogen sulphide, Van der Waals constants408 Hydrogen, and homopolar bonds400—408 Hydrogen, and organic compounds420—434 Hydrogen, characteristic temperature, for rotation136 Hydrogen, characteristic temperature, for vibration142 Hydrogen, combination with oxygen to form water151—164 Hydrogen, data regarding melting point259 Hydrogen, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant132 Hydrogen, heat of vaporization414 Hydrogen, interatomic potential371 Hydrogen, specific heat137—138 Hydrogen, Van der Waals constants408411 Ice, crystal structure412418—419 Ice, polymorphic forms167—170 Ice, structure260 Image force461474—475 Impenetrability of matter130 Imperfect gases, and phase equilibrium166—170 Imperfect gases, and Van der Waals' equation182—198 Independent variables17—18 Indium, crystal structure447 Indium, data regarding melting point259 Induced emission325 Inelastic collisions327 Inert gases, and periodic table345—350 Inert gases, crystals416 Inert gases, volumes of atoms384 Insulators, and energy bands495—501 Integrals independent of path813 Interatomic distances, in crystals of inert gases416 Interatomic distances, in crystals, and formulas for thermodynamic quantities212—213 Interatomic distances, in diatomic molecules, table132 Interatomic distances, in ionic crystals, table381—382 Interatomic distances, in metals447 Interatomic distances, in organic compounds420—434 Interatomic forces130—133 Interatomic forces, and second virial coefficient191—196 Interatomic forces, and Van der Waals' equation182—184 Interatomic forces, and vibrations of atoms in crystals211—240 Interatomic forces, in ionic crystals385—390 Interatomic forces, in metals451—456 Interatomic forces, in organic compounds433 Interatomic forces, interpretation from atomic theory352—376 Interference of light, and quantum theory319—320 Intermolecular forces, in gases410—414 Internal energy6—917 Internal energy and melting258—269 Internal energy and phase change of second order295301 Internal energy at absolute zero179 Internal energy of mixture of gases123 Internal energy of perfect gas, Boltzmann statistics117 Internal energy of perfect gas, Fermi — Dirac statistics77—7881—82 Internal energy of solids205—220 Internal energy of solutions275—277 Internal pressure182—184 Iodine, and homopolar bond400—408 Iodine, and organic compounds426 Iodine, characteristic temperature, for rotation136 Iodine, characteristic temperature, for vibration142 Iodine, crystal structure418 Iodine, dissociation133 Iodine, heat of dissociation, interatomic distance, Morse constant132 Ionic crystals375377—399 Ionic radii382—385 Ionization potential322334343 Ionization potential, table of348 Ionization, of atoms321—335 Ions, and atomic structure321—335337—338351 Ions, forces between357—358 Ions, formation in solution272—274290 Iridium, crystal structure447 Iron, crystal structure447 Iron, data regarding melting point259261 Iron, Debye temperature237 Iron, equation of state and crystal structure451454 Iron, molecular volume261 Iron, thermal expansion261 Irreversible process11—1316 Irreversible process and kinetic approach to equilibrium86—9296—98 Irreversible process and statistical mechanics43—46 Isomers423 Isothermal processes19 Isothermals, and Van der Waals equation184—186 Isothermals, of solid200 Isotopes336—337 Joule5 Joule — Thomson effect195—198 Joule's law30115 Kinetic energy, and exchange effect369 Kinetic energy, and exchange effect and Maxwell — Boltzmann law60 Kinetic energy, and exchange effect of polyatomic molecules134144 Kinetic theory1586—100 Kinetic theory and chemical reactions151—154158—165 Kinetic theory and radiation324—333 Kinetic theory and thermionic emission465—471480—484
|
|
Î ïðîåêòå