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Clift R., Grace J.R., Weber M.E. — Bubbles, drops, and particles
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Íàçâàíèå: Bubbles, drops, and particlesÀâòîðû: Clift R., Grace J.R., Weber M.E.Àííîòàöèÿ: A vast body of literature dealing with bubbles, drops, and solid particles has
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ôèçèêà /Ìåõàíèêà æèäêîñòè è ãàçà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1978Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 380Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 19.06.2005Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Form drag for rigid spheres at low Reynolds number 35 Form dragfor rigid spheroids 77 78 146—147 293 Formation of bubbles 321—330 334—339 Formation of bubbles at circular orifices 322—330 334—337 Formation of bubbles at inclined orifices 334 Formation of bubbles at noncircular orifices 334 Formation of bubbles by electrolysis 337 339 Formation of bubbles by entrainment 339 Formation of bubbles by phase change 337—338 Formation of bubbles by Rayleigh — Taylor instability 338 Formation of bubbles in flowing fluid 334 Formation of bubbles in fluidized beds 329—330 Formation of bubbles in liquid metals 327 Formation of bubbles, chamber volume, effect of 322 329 Formation of bubbles, coalescence during 327—328 329 Formation of bubbles, constant flow conditions 322 324—328 332 Formation of bubbles, constant frequency 325 327 330 Formation of bubbles, constant pressure conditions 322 328 Formation of bubbles, constant volume 325 Formation of bubbles, intermediate conditions 325 329 Formation of bubbles, mass transfer during 335—337 Formation of bubbles, models for 323—330 Formation of bubbles, models for transfer during 335—337 Formation of drops 321—322 330—339 Formation of drops at circular orifices 332—337 Formation of drops at inclined orifices 334 Formation of drops at noncircular orifices 334 Formation of drops by jet disintegration 333—334 Formation of drops by phase change 337—338 Formation of drops in flowing fluid 334 Formation of drops, atomization 321—322 331 Formation of drops, by Rayleigh — Taylor instability 338 Formation of drops, coalescence during 334 Formation of drops, internal circulation during 335 336 Formation of drops, mass transfer during 335—337 Formation of drops, models for 331—333 Formation of drops, models for transfer during 335—337 Fourier number 52 94 Fractional approach to equilibrium 54 191 Free convection see Natural convection Free-molecule regime 272—276 278—279 Freestream turbulence, effect on heat and mass transfer 120 162 269—271 Freestream turbulence, effect on lift in Magnus effect 262 Freestream turbulence, effect on particle motion and drag 262 264—269 306 315 318 Freestream turbulence. See also Turbulent flow effect on critical transition 110 114 262 266—267 Frequency of bubble formation 325 327 330 Frequency of eddy shedding 106—108 185 213 305 311 342 Frequency of imposed oscillations 309—313 314 Frequency of secondary motion oscillations 150 156 187—188 197 Frequency, natural 187—188 197 305 314 342 Fresh surface model 197 199 335 Galerkin's method 125 130 133—134 135 Galileo number 113f Generation of fluid particles see Formation of bubbles Formation Glide-tumble regime 149 Guard heating 122—123 Hadamard — Rybczynski solution for fluid spheres 30—33 38 47 50 58 137 Hailstones 114 143 147 165 245f Harkins correction factor 325 331—332 333 Heat transfer coefficient see Mass transfer coefficient Analogy History effects during bubble formation 324 History effects in arbitrarily accelerated motion 316 History effects, coefficient 292 296 316 317 History effects, conditions for neglect of 265—266 275 300—301 311 316 317 History effects, spheres 275 287—291 296 297 History effects, spheroids 292—294 Hydraulic equivalent sphere 77 Hydrostatic pressure 22 180 250 Hypersonic velocities 276 Immobile interface see Surface-active impurities Impulsive motion 98 286 Inclined tubes 239 Indentation on base of bubbles and drops 26 204 208 215 216 305 Indentation on leading surface of bubbles and drops 339 Infinite cylinders see Cylinders Initial motion 286—295 Initial motion, disks 294 Initial motion, drops 295 305 Initial motion, fluid spheres 295 304—305 Initial motion, particles in gases 302—304 Initial motion, particles in liquids 298—300 Initial motion, rigid spheres 286—292 Initial motion, rigid spheroids 292—294 Initial motion, spherical-cap bubbles 305—306 Initial motion, two-dimensional bubbles 305 Instability See also Breakup of bubbles Breakup Instability of accelerating drops 346 Instability, growth rate of disturbances 333 340—341 Instability, Helmholtz type in fluid skirts 209 Instability, most dangerous wavelength 333 Instability, of wakes 103 143 Instability, Rayleigh type 330 333 344 Instability, Rayleigh — Taylor type 338 334—342 Intensity of turbulence 162 164 266—271 312 Interfacial barriers to mass transfer 248—249 Interfacial convection 246—248 Interfacial resistance see Interfacial barriers to mass transfer Interfacial tension 5 Interfacial tension, determination of 22 325 Interfacial tension, importance in bubble and drop formation 325 327 333 Interfacial tension, importance in stabilizing fluid particles 339 344 Interfacial turbulence 247—248 Internal circulation in fluid spheres 36 127—129 133 Internal circulation in forming bubbles and drops 332 335 336 Internal circulation, asymmetry 35 37—38 127 130 134 Internal circulation, effect of surface active impurities on 36—41 128 171 175 189 Internal circulation, effect of viscosity ratio on 41 133 171 Internal circulation, effect on boundary layer separation and wake formation 126 Internal circulation, effect on resistance to transfer 192 194 197—198 Internal circulation, in deformed fluid particles 171 209—210 Internal circulation, onset of 41 Internal resistance to transfer see also the individual shape Internal resistance to transfer, effect of internal circulation 197—198 Internal resistance to transfer, effect of surface active impurities 38 63—66 189—190 198 Internal resistance to transfer, oscillation effect 190 198—199 Irregular particles see Arbitrarily shaped particles Irrotational flow see Potential flow Isometric particles 17 161—162 165 Jets, breakup 330—331 333—334 Jets, formation 322 324 330—331 333—334 Jets, length 330 331 334 Kinetic theory of gases 272 277—278 Knudsen number 271 Kronig — Brink solution 58 59 60 62 65—66 137 197 Laplace's equation 7 88 Laser — Doppler anemometry 264 Lens-shaped particles 74 Levitation 312 313 339 Lift 229 259f 261 263 301 316 317 Lift coefficient 262 316 Liquid metals, bubbles in 38 203 216—218 327 Local transfer rates see Nusselt number Sherwood Mach number 271 Magnus effect 261—262 Marangoni effect 64 246—249 Mass transfer coefficient for rigid spheres in free fall or rise 124—125 Mass transfer coefficient for stagnant external phase 47 89—91 Mass transfer coefficient, definition for fluid particles 191—192 Mass transfer factor 135—136 157 195 229 240 Mass transfer, during formation and release of fluid particles 335—337 Mass transfer, with stagnant continuous phase 47 88—91 Matched asymptotic expansions, drag at low Reynolds number by 44—45 78 260 Matched asymptotic expansions, transfer at low Peclet number by 48 93 Maximum stable size of fluid particles see Breakup of bubbles and drops Migration of particles 229 259f 260 338 Modified pressure 4 9 31 42 102 Molecular speed ratio 277 Moment of inertia, dimensionless 148—149 Morton number 26 Natural convection 12 249—259 Natural frequency of fluid particles 187—188 197 305 314 342 Navier — Stokes equation 3 9 Navier — Stokes equation, numerical solutions 46 97—99 180 303—304 Navier — Stokes equation, simplified or integral forms 130 249 Navier — Stokes equation, uncoupling from energy and continuity equations 12 Needle-shaped particles 74 82 90. Newman solution 55 58 59 60 62 65—66 Newton's law regime 108—109 113 142 147 156 162 164 309 No-slip condition 5 14 286 Noncontinuum effects 271—275 278—279 Noncontinuum effects on drag 272—275 Noncontinuum effects on heat transfer 278—279 Noncontinuum effects, corrections 170 Normal drag coefficient 316 nozzles see Formation of bubbles Formation Nucleation 337—338 Numerical solutions for flow past cylinders 156—157 Numerical solutions for flow past fluid spheres 126 Numerical solutions for flow past rigid spheres 46 97—99 100 103 121 301 303—304 Numerical solutions, including transfer calculation 91 121 135 156—157 303—304 Nusselt number 12. See also Sherwood number Nusselt number for sphere subject to compressibility effects 279 Nusselt number for sphere subject to noncontinuum effects 278—279 Nusselt number, for accelerating spheres 304 Nusselt number, influence of free convection 257 Nusselt number, local 119—121 269—270 Nusselt number, simultaneous heat and mass transfer 255 258—259 Oblate spheroids see also Spheroids Oblate spheroids, accelerated motion 292—294 Oblate spheroids, definition 17 Oblate spheroids, drag 74—79 80 146—148 150 Oblate spheroids, free fall 150 Oblate spheroids, representation of fluid particles as 169 180 Oblate spheroids, secondary motion 150 Oblate spheroids, terminal velocity 150 Oblate spheroids, transfer 89 92 93 150—153 192—193 Oblate spheroids, use to approximate complex shapes 74 164—165 179 Octahedra 165 Opposing flow 256—259 Orientation, cylinders in free fall 155 Orientation, effect on motion of nonspherical particles 70—71 73 79 87 Orientation, effect on natural convection 256 Orientation, preferred 87 165 Orifice see Formation of bubbles Formation Orifice constant 323 Orthotropic particles, definition 17 Orthotropic particles, drag at low Reynolds number 85—87 Orthotropic particles, motion of 70—71 Oscillation of bubbles and drops, due to release after formation 194 305 335 Oscillation of bubbles and drops, effect on external resistance to transfer 192 196—197 Oscillation of bubbles and drops, effect on internal resistance to transfer 190 198—199 Oscillation of bubbles and drops, effect on transfer rates during formation 335 Oscillation of bubbles and drops, onset of 175 176 185—186 188 189 oscillations 114—115 148—150 154—156 171 179. Secondary Vibration Oscillations of mass transfer rates 119 Oscillations, associated with wake shedding 103 109 110 143 Oscillatory motion, bubble rise in 313—314 Oscillatory motion, drag in 286—288 306 309—311 Oscillatory motion, effect on transfer rates 312—313 314 Oscillatory motion, motion of particle in 306—312 Oscillatory motion, reduction of terminal velocity 307—312 313—314 Oseen approximation 9 41—46 Oseen approximation for rigid spheres 42 Oseen approximation for rigid spheres, rigid spheres by matched expansions 45 51 Oseen approximation for rigid spheres, rigid spheres in oscillatory motion 286—287 Oseen approximation, drag coefficient 43 112 Oseen approximation, extension to higher order 44—46 Oseen approximation, for spheroids and disks 77—78 145 Oseen approximation, stream function 42 Oseen approximation, surface vorticity 42 51 Oseen approximation, wall effects 226 Oseen approximation, with particle rotation 263 Parallelepipeds See also Square bars 17 79 83 85—87 94 Particle rotation see Rotation Particle shape factors see Shape factors Particle, definition of 1 Peclet number 10 Pendant drops 22 Penetration theory 213 Perimeter-equivalent factor 22 83 85 90 Phase shift 264—265 307—308 310 313 Plane bubbles see Two-dimensional bubbles Plasma jets 277 316 Point force approximation technique see Slender bodies potential flow 6 7 305 Potential flow, past spheres 8 33 132 287 305 Potential flow, past spheroids 181 189 192 205 Potential flow, pressure distribution 8 99 129 181 207 Potential flow, surface velocity 8 135 212 Potential flow, transfer 135 137 194 213 Prandtl number 12 Pressure see Modified pressure Surface Pressure drop for particle moving through tube 228—229 Pressure gradient drag 306 309 315 317 Principal axes of translation 70—71 Principal translational resistances 71 72 75 80 87 prisms 164 165 Prolate spheroids see also Spheroids Prolate spheroids, accelerated motion of 292—294 Prolate spheroids, definition 17 Prolate spheroids, drag 76—79 Prolate spheroids, time variation of concentration 94 Prolate spheroids, transfer 89 92 93 150 Prolate spheroids, treated as slender bodies 82 Pulsations see Oscillatory motion Vibration Pure systems, internal circulation 38 41 189 Pure systems, secondary motion 188 Pure systems, shapes of fluid particles in 182—183 189 Pure systems, terminal velocity and drag 38 41 134 171 176—178 Pure systems, transfer 51 62 137 192 194—196 Pure systems, wakes 185 raindrops 126 127 134 170 346. Random wobbling see Wobbling motion Rarefied gases 272 279 Rayleigh instability see Instability Rayleigh Rayleigh number 251 Rectangular parallelepipeds see Parallelepipeds Relative roughness 244 Relaxation time 266 343 Release see also Formation of bubbles Formation Release, effect on secondary motion 188 Release, effect on transfer 194 197 335 337 Resonance 188 311 342 Retardation coefficient 38 Reversibility of creeping flow solutions 9 42 Reversibility of overall transfer 88 Reynolds number 26 Reynolds number, critical 110 143 266—267 316 Reynolds number, internal 30 130 205 295 Reynolds number, lower critical 103 Reynolds number, metacritical 267 Reynolds number, rotational 264 Reynolds number, shear 259 Rossby number 262f Rotation See also Tumbling motion Secondary Rotation of particles in flow field 70 156 164 259—264 315 Rotation, effect on transfer 263—264 Rotation, tube rotation 239 Roughness, effect on flow and drag 244—245 262 Roughness, effect on heat and mass transfer 164 245—246 Scale of turbulence 264 266 312 Schmidt number 11 Screw motion 259 262—264 Secondary motion, accelerating spheres 301 Secondary motion, air bubbles in water 172—173 Secondary motion, cylinders in free fall 154—156 Secondary motion, disks in free fall 143 148—149 Secondary motion, effect of rotation on 263 Secondary motion, effect on drag 108 115 188 Secondary motion, effect on terminal velocity 115 188
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