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| Авторизация |
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| Baker R.C. — Linear Electronics in Control Systems |
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| Предметный указатель |
"Floating" oscilloscopes 92 191
AC see "Alternating current"
AC amplification 36—40 71—83 123
AC analysis of cascaded amplifiers 59
AC analysis with oscilloscopes 88
AC-to-DC conversion see "Rectification"
Acceptor atoms 3
Algebraic add see "Oscilloscopes"
Alternating current, compared with direct current 101—103
Aluminum as conductor 1
Ambient temperature in transistors 81
Amplification 36
Amplifiers see also "Power amplifiers"
Amplifiers, analyzing with equivalent circuits 39—44 59
Amplifiers, basic design of 40—41
Amplifiers, buffer 24 25 124—125 194 201
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages 41—45 57
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, bypassed 57—59
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, drawbacks of 45
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, equivalent circuits of 42—44 58—60 66
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, feedback in 47 50—51 57 59 74 77 119 120
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, in class B power amplifiers 77
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, inefficiency as power amplifiers 72
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, resistors in 46—49
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, similarity to differential amplifiers 114
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, stabilization of 45—51
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, thevenin equivalent circuit for 40
Amplifiers, common-emitter stages, voltage gain of 50 59 115 117 125
Amplifiers, differential 61 114—118 see
Amplifiers, efficiency in 71 72 75—76
Amplifiers, emitter-follower stages 45 51—53 57
Amplifiers, emitter-follower stages, gain of 59
Amplifiers, emitter-follower stages, popularity of 53
Amplifiers, emitter-follower stages, voltage gain in 52
Amplifiers, error 146 148 170—171
Amplifiers, error in single-direction motor speed control systems 190 192 201
Amplifiers, function of 71
Amplifiers, junction field-effect transistors as 66
Amplifiers, multi-stage 57
Amplifiers, multi-stage, limiting size of 57—58
Amplifiers, multi-stage, resistance in 41 58 117
Amplifiers, multi-stage, silicon integrated circuits as alternatives to 113
Amplifiers, multi-stage, transistor 36—38
Amplifiers, multi-stage, transistor, inverting 38 94
Amplifiers, multi-stage, vertical 88 91 96
Amplifiers, multi-stage, voltage gain in 37 47 67 88 125
Amplifiers, multi-stage, voltage gain in, determined by AC analysis 59
Amplifiers, multi-stage, voltage gain in, independence from beta value 50
Amplifiers, multi-stage, voltage gain in, influence of external resistors on 50 59
Armature current 196 197 206—207
Armature current, limiting 199
Arsenic as an atomic donor 3
atoms 1
Automatic shutdown in regulated power supplies 151
Avalanche breakdown 5 8 15
Avalanche breakdown and peak reverse voltage 7
Avalanche breakdown in transistors 33 99
Avalanche breakdown, usefulness of 15
Avalanche breakdown, zener diode's use of 15 60
Average forward current in diode ratings 7
Average power 175—178
Back diodes see "Commutating diodes"
Base current in bipolar junction transistors 28 99
Base current in bipolar junction transistors, load voltage as a function of 31—32
Base current in bipolar junction transistors, relation to collector current 29 45
BIFET operational amplifiers see "Operational Amplifiers"
Bilateral breakdown diodes see "Diodes"
Bipolar field-effect transistor see "Transistors"
Bipolar junction transistors see "Transistors"
BJTs see "Bipolar junction transistors"
Bleeder resistors in cascaded amplifiers 61
BNC connectors 91—92
Breakdown voltage in transistors 33 99
Breakdown voltage in zener diodes 15 16 25 56 98
Breakdown voltage in zener diodes, effect of temperature variation on 23 56
Breakdown voltage in zener diodes, manufacturer's tolerance on 17 60
Breakdown voltage in zener diodes, used for level shifting 60
Breakdown voltage in zener diodes, used for voltage limiting 26
Buffer amplifiers 24 25 124—125 129 194 201
Cad cells 142—144
Capacitance, junction 4
Capacitance, low-capacitance probes 90—91
Capacitive filters 11—14 147—148
Capacitive filters, drawbacks of 12—13
Capacitive filters, specifying transformers and diodes for 14
Capacitors in electronic power supplies 10—11
Capacitors in equivalent circuits of CE amplifiers 43
Capacitors in multi-stage amplifiers 57 114
Capacitors in multi-stage amplifiers, effect on sinusoidal output 58—59
Capacitors in silicon-controlled rectifiers 155
Capacitors in time-base generators 88
Capacitors in zener-regulated power supplies 16 17—19
Capacitors, bypass 51 57—59
Capacitors, compensating 152
Capacitors, output 152
Capacitors, popularity as filters 11
Capacitors, problem with large size 12—13 57—58
Cascaded amplifiers 57—59 117
Cascaded amplifiers, AC analysis of 59
Cascaded amplifiers, DC analysis of 60—61
Cascaded amplifiers, field-effect transistors in 67 see
Case temperature 77—78 81 see
Cathode-ray tubes 87 88 91
CE circuits see "Common-emitter circuits"
CE output characteristics 30
Center-tapped transformer circuits 9
Center-tapped transformer circuits in polyphase rectification 10
Charging pulse, current flow after 4
Class A stages see "Common-emitter circuits"
Class B stages 72—75
Class B stages in operational amplifiers 116—117
Clipping see "Voltage limiting"
CMOS 215—216
Collector current in bipolar junction transistors 28 58
Collector current in bipolar junction transistors, maximum 33—34
Collector current in bipolar junction transistors, relation to base current 29 45
Collector current in bipolar junction transistors, saturation 31 45
Collector dissipation 34 80
Collector dissipation in class B power amplifiers 76
Collector family of characteristic curves see "CE output characteristics"
Collector layers in NPN bipolar junction transistors 27
Common-collectors see "Emitter-follower stages"
Common-emitter amplifiers 29—30 36—38 41—51 77 114 see
Common-emitter amplifiers, calculating the Q point for 42—43 45
Common-emitter amplifiers, designing equivalent circuits for 42—43 58
Common-emitter amplifiers, drawbacks of 45—46 72
Common-emitter amplifiers, load line of 31
Common-emitter amplifiers, resistance in 41 58
Common-emitter mode 29 41—42
Common-mode rejection in differential amplifiers 116
Commutating diodes see "Diodes"
Comparators see "Voltage comparators"
Conducting elements 2
Conduction 1 137
Conduction angles 14 107 155
Conduction in power amplifiers 78
Conduction in zener diodes 17 20
Conductors 2
control systems 136—219
Control systems, principles of 145—146
Controls see "Motor speed controls"
Conversion see "Rectification"
Copper as conductor 1 2
Counter EMF 213
Covalent bonding 2 3
Crossover distortion in class B power amplifiers 73
Crossover distortion in class B power amplifiers, cure for 73—74
CRTs see "Cathode-ray tubes"
Crystal lattices 2
Crystal lattices, effect of donor and acceptor atoms on 3
| Crystalline material 2
CTR see "Current transfer ratio"
Current feedback 196—197
Current in rectifiers 6 104
Current in semiconductors 3
Current limiting in operational amplifiers 117
Current limiting in regulated power supplies 150
Current limiting in single-direction motor speed control circuits 203
Current ratings of transistors 33 38
Current sources for charging capacitors 171 194
Current sources in differential amplifiers 114 117
Current sources in transistor equivalent circuits 42—45 49—53 66
Current sources in voltage references 24 55—56
Current sources, definition of 24 55
Current sources, elements of 55
Current transfer ratio 141
Current, viewing with oscilloscopes 95 186
Curve tracers for transistors 100
Cutoff in transistors 32
D'Arsonal meter movements 104—105
Dark current 139
Darlington drives 149 151
dc see "Direct current"
DC analysis of cascaded amplifiers 60—61
Deflection plates in cathode-ray tubes 88
Depletion zones in bipolar junction transistors 28
Depletion zones in junction field-effect transistors 64
Depletion zones in phototransistors 139
Depletion zones in reverse-biased diodes 4 15 138
Derating curves of power transistors 81—82
Diacs see "Bilateral breakdown diodes"
Diagnostics 87 93
Diff amps see "Differential amplifiers"
Difference amplifiers 128—129 194 201
Difference amplifiers in error amplifiers 170 172—173 194
Differential amplifiers 61 114—118
Differential amplifiers in temperature controls 168
Differential amplifiers, noise in 116
Differential amplifiers, temperature stability in 116
Differential circuits 217
digital circuits 114
digital multimeters 105—110
Digital multimeters, recalibration of 108
Diode bridges with capacitive filters 11
Diodes in bridge configuration 11
Diodes in silicon integrated circuits 113
Diodes in single-capacitor filters 11
Diodes, "fast-recovery" 8
Diodes, bilateral breakdown 163
Diodes, commutating 183—184 186—187
Diodes, damage from heat 5
Diodes, derating of 14
Diodes, gallium arsenide phosphide 137—138
Diodes, germanium 5
Diodes, germanium, current range of 5
Diodes, P-N junction 4
Diodes, P-N junction, reverse bias of 15 138
Diodes, plotting I-V curves of 96—98
Diodes, ratings of 7 8 14
Diodes, ratings of, reduced 10
Diodes, silicon 6 137
Diodes, silicon in rectification 6
Diodes, silicon, avalanche breakdown in 15 97
Diodes, silicon, I-V characteristics of 6 96—97
Diodes, silicon, versus light-emitting diodes 138
Diodes, silicon, versus silicon bipolar transistors 27
Diodes, symbol for 5
Diodes, versus thyristors 153
DIPs see "Dual-inline packages"
Direct Current 104
Direct current, compared with alternating current 102
Direct current, constant versus time-varying 104—105
Discharge time in zener diodes 17
Distortion, crossover 73
DMMs see "Digital multimeters"
Donor atoms 3
Doping in low-voltage zeners 25
Doping of P-N junctions 15
Doping of P-N junctions in field-effect transistors 64
Doping of P-N junctions in NPN bipolar junction transistors 27
Doping of P-N junctions in unijunction transistors 156
Doping of semiconducting crystals 3
Doping of semiconducting crystals in manufacturing 3
Doping of semiconducting crystals, effect on resistance 3
Drain terminal in junction field-effect transistors 64
Driver stages in power amplifiers 76—77
Dual-inline packages 122
Dual-trace capability in oscilloscopes see "Oscilloscopes"
Dynamic braking see "Motor speed controls"
EF see "Emitter-follower stages"
Effective current 102
Efficiency in amplifiers 71—72 75—76
Electrical imbalance in junction diodes 4
Electromotive force 1 3 4 206—208 211 213
Electromotive force in single-direction motor speed controls 184—187
Electromotive force, measuring with oscilloscopes 186
Electron guns in cathode-ray tubes 88
Elements, electrical properties of 1
emf see "Electromotive force"
Emitter layer in NPN bipolar junction transistors 27
Emitter layer in NPN bipolar junction transistors, current in 28
Emitter-follower stages see "Amplifiers"
Equivalent circuits 39 40—41
Equivalent circuits for bypassed common-emitter stages 58—60
Equivalent circuits for junction field-effect transistors 66
Error amplifiers see "Amplifiers"
Error in feedback control systems 145 148
Exponential decay in power supply filters 11 13
Exponential decay in power supply filters, reduction of 12
Fast-recovery diodes 8
feedback control systems 149 164 181 184—187 189
Feedback control systems, on-off type 146
Feedback control systems, proportional-control type 146 see
Feedback in common-emitter stages see "Amplifiers common
Feedback in common-emitter stages, negative see "Negative feedback"
Feedback in control systems 145 182 189
FETs see "Field-effect transistors"
Field-effect transistors 27 63
Field-effect transistors, dynamic output resistance of 66
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate 63 67—68
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, N-channel 63 68
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, N-channel, depletion mode 63
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, N-channel, enhancement mode 63
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, N-channel, glass as insulation for 68
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, N-channel, I-V characteristics of 68
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, N-channel, output characteristics of 68
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, N-channel, pinch-off in 68
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, P-channel 63
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, small size of 68
Field-effect transistors, insulated gate, static voltage in 68
Field-effect transistors, junction 63 66—67 117 130
Field-effect transistors, junction, amplifier and its analysis 66
Field-effect transistors, junction, gate resistors for 69
Field-effect transistors, junction, maximum gate current of 69
Field-effect transistors, junction, N-channel 63—67
Field-effect transistors, junction, N-channel, depletion zone in 65
Field-effect transistors, junction, N-channel, I-V characteristics of 65—67 99—100
Field-effect transistors, junction, N-channel, pinch-off in 65
Field-effect transistors, junction, N-channel, popularity of 64
Field-effect transistors, junction, N-channel, transfer characteristics of 65 67
Field-effect transistors, junction, P-channel 63
Field-effect transistors, junction, P-channel in BIFET op amps 130
Field-effect transistors, junction, voltage-variable resistance in 66
Field-effect transistors, MOS see "Insulated gate"
Field-effect transistors, terminals in 64
Field-effect transistors, transconductance in 65
Field-effect transistors, transconductance in, counterpart of beta BJT 65—66
Field-effect transistors, voltage gain in 67
Filtered power supplies 10—14 147
Filters in electronic power supplies 10 147
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