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| Rowe N.C. — Artifical intelligence through Prolog |
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Logical equivalences 381—384
Logical formula 5
Match see Variable binding
Material implication see Implication
Mathematical induction 385
Mathematics see Arithmetic
max predicate 83 173 175 240
Meaning see Semantics
Means-ends analysis 263—281 387
member predicate 81—82 88 137 138 139 149 228 229—230 238 309 359
MEMO 288—290
Menu 143 145—146
Meta-rule 100 109—110 117 149—151 199 247
Micro-Prolog 256 399—401
Military applications 7 372—373
min predicate 175
modus ponens 102
Monotonic logic 207
Monotonicity 206—207 356
Multidirectional reasoning see Multiway reasoning
Multiway reasoning 21—22 49 76—78 83 85—87 151 240
naming 8—9 21 135 364
Natural language 1 13—14 26—27 47—48 61 89—90 115—117 249 291 298—299
Natural-language front end 42
Near miss 365 367—369
Negation 25—26 349
nl predicate 126 142 394 396
Node see State
Nondeterminism 66
Nonterminal 115
Normal form see Conjunctive normal form and Disjunctive normal form
not predicate 25—26 27 43 46 352 354 355 381—384 394 395
not predicate, backtracking with 32—34 51 239
not predicate, forward chaining handling 103 105 140—141 143
not predicate, inability to bind variables 26 34 50 314 316
not predicate, probabilities with 177
not predicate, rule-cycle hybrid handling 105—106 107 135 137
Null clause 354 355 356
NUMBER 8 9 14 74—78 164 369 389
number predicate 394 397
Object 113 285 292
Object-Oriented Programming 113 292 349
Odds see Probability
Office worker problem 264—268
oldagenda predicate 233 234
Operating System 299—302
Operator 47 193—194 207 228 263 264 265 268—270 271
Optimization see Search hill-climbing
OR 5 24 43 113 165 350 381—383 395
Or-combination 165 171—172 173 175 176 178 180 183
Output (see also Variable output
Output coding 128—129
Parallelism 65 100 117 151 214 249 281—282
Parallelism, "and" 112 113 151
Parallelism, "or" 112 113
Parallelism, partition 112 113
Parallelism, variable-matching 112 113
Parentheses in Prolog 5 24 25 78 392 396
Parsing 116—117 298—299
Partial ordering 390
Partitioning 100 109 111 113 117 134 146 249 285 286 364
part_of predicate 10 13 14 20 44 46 48 53 54 286 291
Pascal see Programming languages
Performance see Efficiency
Period in Prolog 7 20 25 45 46 165 395 396
PERT chart 281—282
Photograph interpretation 309—311 316—318 322—324 330—331 334
PL/1 see Programming languages
Planning 2 193 264
POINTER 8 12 35 111 389 390 391
positive predicate 75 77
Possibility list see List possibility
Postcondition 194 264 265—268 269—270 273—274 276—280 282
Precondition 194 264 265—268 269—270 273—274 276—280 282
Predicate 5—15 (see also names of specific predicates)
Predicate calculus see Predicate logic
Predicate expression 5 25 395
Predicate logic 349—360 383—384
Predicate logic, first-order 4 21 353
Predicate logic, second-order 296 350
Predicate, built-in 8 9 25 27 134 394—398
Predicate, function 6 14—15 80 223 224
Predicate, hierarchy of 45 47 62—63 139 233 242—243 245 276 390
Predicate, intermediate 130 134 152 263
Predicate, name of 5 8 12 21 35 286 350
Predicate, probability 6 15 165
Predicate, property 6 9—10 13 14 55 286
Predicate, relational-database 6 14
Predicate, relationship 6 10—12 14 52 55 286
Predicate, reverse 286
Predicate, type 6—8 11 12 13
prefer predicate 149—151 247 248
Prefix form 76—77 396
Premise see Rule right
Prepositional logic 381—383
probability 164—185 209—211 312—313 314 316 324—325 369
Probability, a priori 174
Probability, and-to-or relationship 169 175
Probability, backward reasoning connection 166
Probability, conditional 166 318
Probability, consistency 185
Probability, distribution 324
Probability, evidence 165
Probability, for negation of conditions 177
Probability, heuristic nature 167
Probability, in natural language 183
Probability, in query rearrangement 311—313 315
Probability, in relaxation 324—325
Probability, maximum-entropy 184—185
Probability, obtaining from experts 182—183 184—185
Probability, obtaining from statistics 180—182
Probability, predicate expressions with see Predicate probability
Probability, rule 165 167 170—171 211
Probability, success 311—313 315 316—318 319
Procedural attachment 292
Procedural interpretation 81—82 84—85 240 349 351—352 387
Procedural net 281—282
Procedure see Rule
Procedure-oriented programming 292
Production see Rule
Production system see Rule-based system
Programming languages (other and conventional) 2 6 8 9 22 28 29 35 37 43 46 49 59 66 75 135 144 151 238 389—392
Programming style see Prolog programming
Prolog: database 20 23 27 191 350 394—395
Prolog: dialects 4 399—401
Prolog: interpreter 19—37 27 35—36 44 46 66 77 100 105 319 355 395
Prolog: language 4—15 19 25
Prolog: programming style in 46 65—66 84 395
Prolog: programs 47 65—66
Prolog: summary of the dialect used in this book 393—398
Proof: by contradiction 354 355 357
Proof: by resolution 355
Proposition 381—384
Prototype see Frame
Pruning 199
Pseudo-Prolog 352—353 354
Psychology see Human reasoning
Quantification, existential 45 56 139 238 350 354 384—385
Quantification, universal 45 48 56 139 141 354 383—384
Query 19—37 43—44 46 395
Query mode 19
Question to a computer user 111 127 128—129 143—146 152
questioncode predicate 128 129 144
Questionnaire 143 146 372
QUEUE 233 390 391
Randomness in control structures 115
read predicate 126 394 396
real-time performance 65 112 249 372—373
Reasoning see Inference
recommended predicate 268—269 272
| Recursion 46 47 52—53 55 57 59—60 66 80—87 136 225 230 231—232 238—239 241 264 269—270 276—280 385—388 390 392
Recursion, basis steps 80 385—387 392
Recursion, checklist for 387—388
Recursion, decomposition in 385—387
Recursion, double 269
Recursion, independence of variables in each call 53
Recursion, induction steps 80 385—388 392
Recursion, superiority to iteration 385
recursion, tail 78 80 386—387 392
Recursion, variables in 387—388
Reductionism 2 372
Redundancy 55 58 88—89 240 354
Relational database 14
Relaxation 321—342 369
Relaxation, double 326 336—342
Relaxation, mathematical analysis 324 325
Relaxation, multiple-variable expressions in 322—330
Relaxation, pure 325—326 332—333
Relaxation, single-variable expressions in 322 326 327 330
Repair see Automobile repair Flashlight or
repeat predicate 240 397
Resolution 349—360 382
Resolution with variables 356—357 360
Resolution, breadth-first strategy 357—358
Resolution, conflict see Control structure
Resolution, facts in see Fact in
Resolution, implementation 359—360
Resolution, search strategies 357—358
Resolution, set-of-support strategy 358
Resolution, unit-preference strategy 358
Resolvent 355 357
retract predicate 101 394 395
Robotics 2
Route planning 193 194 195 200 201 202 204 205 206 208 224—226 249 365
Rule 43—66 395
Rule collapsing 357 358
Rule, alternative forms for chaining 135 136 146—148
Rule, collapsing 152
Rule, defining with 43—46 74 88
Rule, definition symbol (:-) 25 43 45 395
Rule, duplicate 155 229
Rule, if-needed see Procedural attachment
Rule, inheritance see Inheritance
Rule, interpretation 43—45
Rule, leftside 43 45 164 395
Rule, locality 292
Rule, multiline 46
Rule, multiple things on the left side 48
Rule, order of 46 64 100 106 108 116
Rule, purposes 43 60 74
Rule, returning values from 44
Rule, right side 43 45 164 395
Rule, schema 365 370
Rule, specificity 108
Rule, sufficiency of conditions 46
Rule, transitivity see Transitivity
Rule, variables in see Variable
Rule, without a right side 48
Rule-based system 99—185 191 208—211 224 240 248 282 366 367—368 370
Rule-cycle hybrid control structure 100 105—107 135—137 142
Rule-cycle hybrid control structure, handling of not see not predicate rule-cycle
Rule-cycle hybrid control structure, implementation 135—137 142 148
Scheduling 307—309 315—316 364
Script 288 370
Search 155 191—282 357—358 369
Search, A* 197 203 204 211 244—247
Search, and-or tree 192
Search, backward 205
Search, beam 252
Search, best-first 197 201 203 204 205 211 233 241—245 247 248
Search, bidirectional 205 206
Search, branch-and-bound 197 203 211
Search, breadth-first 197 198 201 204 232—236 237 238 241 247 248 357—358
Search, cycle in 198
Search, decomposition 205 206 263
Search, depth-first 197—198 199 201 204 205 225 227 229—232 238 247—248 280 358 371
Search, graph representation 194—196 200 202 206 276
Search, heuristic 191 (see Search)
Search, hill-climbing 197 201 211
Search, implementation 223—249
Search, lattice see Search graph
Search, level in 198 233
Search, locality of 280
Search, means-ends see Means-ends analysis
Search, monotonic see Monotonicity
Search, optimal-path 194 203
Search, path 195 203
Search, postcondition see Postcondition
Search, precondition see Precondition
Search, sequential 35
Search, solution to 224 225 232 243 244
Search, space 207
Search, strategy 197 199
Search, tree see Search graph
Search, uncertainty of the real world in 281
Semantic network 12—13 14 46—47 58 295
Semantics 5 299
Semicolon in Prolog 22—23 24 25 31 64—65 395
Set 12 78 390
Side effect 75 101 126 228 238 274 312 394—395 396 397 398
Simulation 2 113 292
singlemember predicate 239 268 270
Skolem function 354
Slot 286—287 288—290 292 293 297 300
Slot, definitional 287 289
Slot, expectation from 297
Slot, filled versus unfilled 286—287
Slot, inheritance see Inheritance slot
Slot, qualifying 287—288 293 296 297
Smalltalk 285 292
Smoothing 212
Software engineering 1 364
sort predicate 88
Space character in Prolog 75 76 395 396
Space for storage 11 199 207 302 372—373 389—392
Specification of a program 2 66 385
Speech recognition 249
Speed of Prolog programs and queries see Efficiency
square predicate 76—77
STACK 35 198 390 391
State 192
State, change of see Branch
State, goal 194 196 197 203 205 207 211 214 223 263 264 269
State, intermediate 206
State, partial description of 268 269
State, start 194 197 205 224 264 269
State, successor 197 223 224
State, transition from see Branch
State, visiting of 197 198 201 230
Statement see Proposition
Statistics 181—182 193 292 369
Stock market 168
Storage space see Space for storage
String see Character string
Structure 5
Structured-object description see Frame
Subconclusion 369—371
Subdatabase 153
Subdiagnosis 132
Subframe 290
subquery 28—29
SUBROUTINE see Rule
subset predicate 87 270 359
Subtype see Predicate type
Success 20 28 44 366
Successor 197 207 248
successor predicate 154 223 224 228 230 248 249 264
Summarization of trace information 370—371
Superboss 30—32 45
Syntax see Grammar
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