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| Авторизация |
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| Furui S. — Digital Speech Processing, Synthesis, and Recognition |
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| Предметный указатель |
Reduction 245
Reference template 244 264
Reflection coefficient 35 111 223
Registered speaker (customer) 354
Regression coefficients 262
Residual energy 255
residual error 84
Residual signal 99 107
Residual-excited LPC vocoder (RELP) 187
Resonance (formant) 30
Resonance (formant) characteristics 12
Resonance (formant) circuit 27 224
Resonance (formant) model 38
Reversible coding 133
Rewriting rules (generation rules) 312
Robust algorithms 339
Robust and flexible speech coding 211
Sampling 45 46
Sampling period 46
Sampling, frequency 46
Scalar quantization 177
Search, multi-pass 320
Search, one-pass 320
Segment quantization 138
Segmental k-means training procedure 295
Segmental SNR (SNRseg) 201
Segmentation 245
Selective listening 8
Semantic class 312
Semantic information 312
Semantic markers 312
Semantic net 312
Semantics 264 308
Semivowel 11
Sentence 6
Sentence hypothesis 248
Shannon — Fano coding 133
Shannon — Someya's sampling theorem 46
Shannon's information source coding theory 133
Sheep and goats phenomenon 334 379
Short-term (spectral envelope) prediction 148
Short-term spectrum 52
Side information 143 156
Sigmoidal nonlinearities 399
Signal-to-amplitude-correlated noise ratio 200
Signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SNR) 50
Signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SNR) of a PCM signal 142
Similarity (distance) measure 249
Similarity matrix 277
Simplified inverse filter tracking (SIFT) algorithm 79
Single-path search coding 175
Sinusoidal transform coder (STC) 196
Slope, constraint 270
Slope, overload distortion 149
Smaller-than-word units 248
Soft palate (velum) 10
Sound pressure 33
Sound source model 383
Sound source production 27
Sound spectrogram (voice print) 14 60 70 349
Sound spectrograph 60
Source 30
Source generation 9
Source parameter 78
Source parameter estimation 98
Source parameter estimation from residual signals 98
Speaker adaptation 331 335
Speaker adaptation, unsupervised 336
Speaker cluster selection 335
Speaker identification 352
Speaker normalization 331 334
Speaker recognition 349
Speaker recognition algorithms, text-independent 380
Speaker recognition methods 352
Speaker recognition systems, examples of 366
Speaker recognition systems, structure of 354
Speaker recognition systems, text-dependent 366
Speaker recognition systems, text-independent 368
Speaker recognition systems, text-prompted 373
Speaker recognition, human and computer 349
Speaker recognition, principles of 349
Speaker recognition, text-dependent 352
Speaker recognition, text-independent 352
Speaker recognition, text-prompted 353
Speaker verification 352
Special-purpose LSIs 386
Spectral analysis 52
Spectral clustering:, hierarchical 337
Spectral distance measure 249
Spectral distortion 126
Spectral envelope 52 64 351
Spectral envelope prediction 148
Spectral equalization 114 361
Spectral equalizer 102
Spectral fine structure 52
Spectral mapping 335
Spectral parameters, statistical features of 362
Spectral similarity 249
Speech chain 8
Speech coding 133
Speech coding, principal techniques for 133
Speech coding, voice dependency in 380
Speech communication 1
Speech corpus 237
speech database 237
Speech information processing technologies 375
Speech information processing, future directions of 375
Speech perception mechanism, clarification of 384
Speech processing, basic units for 381
Speech processing, technologies, evaluation methods for 385
Speech production 5 27 383
Speech production mechanism 9
Speech production mechanism, clarification of 383
Speech ratio 26
Speech recognition 243
Speech recognition based method 371
Speech recognition, advantages of 243
Speech recognition, classification of 246
Speech recognition, continuous 245
Speech recognition, conversational 246
Speech recognition, difficulties in 245
Speech recognition, principles of 243
Speech recognition, speaker-adaptive 330
Speech recognition, speaker-dependent 246
Speech recognition, speaker-independent 246 330
Speech synthesis 213
Speech synthesis based on analysis-synthesis method 216 221
Speech synthesis based on speech production mechanism 222
Speech synthesis based on waveform coding 216 217
Speech synthesis by HMM 222
Speech synthesis, principles of 213
Speech synthesizer by J.Q. Stewart 216
Speech synthesizer by von Kempelen 214
Speech understanding 246
Speech, acoustic characteristics of 14
Speech, analysis-synthesis system by LPC 99
Speech, period detection 248
Speech, principal characteristics of 5
Speech, spectral structure of 52
Speech, statistical characteristics of 20
Split method 277 333
Spoken language 385
Spontaneous speech recognition 344
Stability 101 107 121 391
Stack algorithm 311
Standardization of speech coding methods 199 203
State transition probability 281
State transition probability distribution 281
State-tying 320
| Stationary Gaussian process 90
Statistical characteristics 351
Statistical features 359
Statistical language modeling 312 314
Stochastically excited LPC 193
Stop consonant 10
Stress 7 264
Sturm — Liouville derivative equation 38
Subband coding (SBC) 143 159
Subglottal air pressure 10
Subjective evaluation 200
Subword units 248 264
Supra-segmental attributes 264
Syllable 6
Symmetry 250
Syntactic information 312
Syntax 264 308
Synthesis by rule 216 226
Synthesis by rule, principles of 226
Synthesized voice quality 380
Talker recognition 349
Task evaluation 385
Technique evaluation 386
Telephone 1
Templates 176
Temporal (inter-session) variability 360 381
Temporal characteristics 351
Terminal analog method 222 224
Text-to-speech conversion 231 234
Threshold logic elements 399
Tied-mixture models 318
Tied-state Gaussian-mixture triphone models 320
Time and frequency division 141
Time domain pitch synchronous overlap add (TD-PSOLA) method 220
Time resolution 60
Time warping function 267
Time-averaged spectrum 361
Time-domain harmonic scaling (TDHS) algorithm 168
Toeplitz matrix 89
Tokyo Institute of Technology 328
Tongue 9
Top-down 248 308
Trachea 9
Training mechanism 331
Transcription 243 246 323
Transform coding 141
Transitional cepstral coefficient 252
Transitional cepstral distance 262
Transitional distance measure 263
Transitional features 378
Transitional logarithmic energy 263
Tree coding, variable rate (VTRC) 196
Tree search 178 311
Tree search, coding 173
Tree-trellis algorithm 312
Trellis coding 173 184
Trellis diagram 285
Trigram 316
Triphone 318
Two-level DP matching 295
Two-mass model 40
Unigram 316
Units of reference templates/models 247
Universal Coding 134
Unsupervised (online) adaptation 331
Unvoiced consonant 11
Unvoiced sound 11
Variable length coding 133
VCV syllable 247
VCV units 228
Vector PCM (VPCM) 176
Vector quantization (VQ) 141 173 278 279
Vector quantization (VQ) algorithm 393
Vector quantization (VQ) based method 370
Vector quantization (VQ) based word recognition 337
Vector quantization (VQ) codebook 337 370
Vector quantization (VQ) for linear predictor parameters 180
Vector quantization (VQ), principles of 175
Vector-scalar quantization 179
Velum (soft palate) 10
VFS (vector-field smoothing) 330
Visual units 382
Viterbi algorithm 282 286
Vocal cord 10
Vocal cord model 40
Vocal cord spectrum 334 363
Vocal cord vibration waveform 42
Vocal organ 7
Vocal tract 9
Vocal tract analog method 222 223
Vocal tract area, estimation based on PARCOR analysis 110
Vocal tract characteristics 363
Vocal tract length 334
Vocal tract transmission function 38
Vocal tract transmission model 32
Vocal vibration 10
Vocoder 73
Vocoder, baseband 187
Vocoder, channel 76
Vocoder, correlation 77
Vocoder, formant 77
Vocoder, homomorphic 77
Vocoder, linear predictive 78
Vocoder, LSP 78
Vocoder, maximum likelihood 78
Vocoder, PARCOR 78
Vocoder, pattern matching 77
Vocoder, voice-excited 187
Vocoder-driven ATC 166 188
Voder by H. Dudley 216
Voice individuality, extraction and normalization of 379
Voice print 349
Voice-excited LPC vocoder (VELP) 187
Voiced consonant 11
Voiced sound 11
Voiced/unvoiced decision 77 81 249
Volume velocity 33
Vowel 6 10
Vowel triangle 16
VQ-based preprocessor 333
VQ-based word recognition 337
VSELP 205
Waveform coding 135
Waveform interpolation (WI) 196
Waveform-based method 228
Webster's horn equation 38
Weighted cepstral distance 260 370
Weighted distances based on auditory sensitivity 250
Weighted likelihood ratio (WLR) 258
Weighted slope metric 262
Whispering 11
White noise generator 27
Wiener — Khintchine theorem 54
Window function 57
Word 6 247
Word dictionary 264
Word lattice 320
Word model 264
Word recognition 247
Word recognition systems, structure of 264
Word recognition using phoneme units 275
Word spotting 249 303
Word template 264
World model 366
Yule — Walker equation 89
z-transform 68 387 388
Zero-crossing analysis 70
Zero-crossing number 248
Zero-crossing rate 71
Zero-phase impulse response 77
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