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| Авторизация |
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| Поиск по указателям |
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| Furui S. — Digital Speech Processing, Synthesis, and Recognition |
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| Предметный указатель |
Hidden Markov model (HMM), discrete 279
Hidden Markov model (HMM), ergodic 279 305
Hidden Markov model (HMM), ergodic based method 371
Hidden Markov model (HMM), hidden state sequence, hidden state sequence uncovering problem 283
Hidden Markov model (HMM), MCE/GPD training of 292 335
Hidden Markov model (HMM), mixture autoregressive (AR) 371
Hidden Markov model (HMM), MMI training of 292
Hidden Markov model (HMM), problems, procedures, semicontinuous 292
Hidden Markov model (HMM), system for word recognition 293
Hidden Markov model (HMM), theory and implementation of 278
Hidden Markov model (HMM), three basic algorithms for 282
Hidden Markov model (HMM), tied mixture 292
Hidden Markov model (HMM), training problem 283
Hidden nodes 399
Hierarchy model 308
High-emphasis filter 102
Homomorphic analysis 66
Homomorphic filtering 66
Homomorphic prediction 129
Huffman coding 133
Human-computer dialog systems 323
Human-computer interaction 243
Hybrid coding 135 187
IBM 325
Impostor 354
Individual characteristics 349 351
Individual differences, acquired 351
Individual differences, hereditary 351
Individuality 246
Information rate distortion theory 134 177
Information transmission theory 313
Initial state distribution 281
Input and output nodes 399
Integer band sampling 162
Intelligibility test 200
Inter-session (temporal) variability 360
Internal thresholds 399
Interpolation characteristics 126
Intonation 7 10
Intonation, component, basic 230
Intraspeaker variation 360 364
Inverse filter 85 255
Inverse filter, first- or second-order critical damping 361
Inverse filtering method 93 114
Irreversible coding 133
Island-driven method 311
Isolated word recognition 246
Itakura — Saito distance (distortion) 254
Jaw 9
K-means algorithm (Lloyd's algorithm) 176 394
K-nearest neighbor (KNN) method 332
Karhunen — Loeve Transform (KLT) 163
Katz's backoff smoothing 317
Kelly's speech synthesis (production) model 37 110
Knockout method 363
Knowledge processing, advanced 382
Knowledge source 308 382
Lag window 252
Language model 314 344
Large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition 306
Larynx 9
Lattice 248
Lattice diagram 285
Lattice filter 109
LBG algorithm (cluster-splitting method) 176 395
LD-CELP 205
Left-to-right method 311
Level building (LB) method 298
Lexicon 306
Lifter 77 261
Likelihood 248 282
Likelihood normalization 364
Likelihood ratio 347 363 364
LIMSI 324
Line spectrum pair (LSP) 116
Line spectrum pair (LSP) analysis 116
Line spectrum pair (LSP) analysis parameters 121
Line spectrum pair (LSP) analysis parameters, coding of 126
Line spectrum pair (LSP) analysis, principle of 116
Line spectrum pair (LSP) analysis, solution of 119
Line spectrum pair (LSP) synthesis filter 122
Linear delta modulation (LDM) 149
Linear PCM 142
Linear prediction 2 83 145
Linear predictive coding (LPC) 2 78
Linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis 68 83 250 252
Linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis, procedure 86
Linear predictive coding (LPC) methods, code-excited 138
Linear predictive coding (LPC) methods, multi-pulse-excited 138
Linear predictive coding (LPC) methods, residual-excited 138 187
Linear predictive coding (LPC) methods, speech-excited 138 187
Linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters, mutual relationships between 127
Linear predictive coding (LPC) speech synthesizer 228
Linear predictor coefficients 84
Linear predictor filter 84
Linear transformation 335
Linear transformation based on multiple regression analysis 336
Linearly separable equivalent circuit 30 64 73 85
Linguistic constraints 246
Linguistic information 5 243
Linguistic knowledge 246
Linguistic science, new 383
Linguistic units 381
Lip rounding 12
Lips 9
Littering 65
Lloyd's algorithm (K-means algorithm) 176 394
Local decoder 145
Locus theory 229
Log likelihood ratio distance 255
Log PCM 142
Lombard effect 341
Long-term (pitch) prediction 148 153
Long-term (term) averaged speech spectrum (LAS) 23 370
Long-term-statistics-based method 368
Loss heat conduction 32
Loss, leaky 32
Loss, viscous 32
Loudness 230
LPC cepstral coefficients 257
LPC cepstral distance 257
LPC cepstrum 69
LPC correlation coefficients 260
LPC correlation function 127
LSI for speech processing use 386
Lungs 89
M-L method 173
Markov chains 279
Markov sources 279
Mass conservation equation 32
Matched filter principle 197
Matrix quantization (MQ) 138 182 337
Maximum a posteriori (MAP) 330
Maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding rule 314
Maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates 335
Maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability 313
Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation 293
Maximum likelihood (ML) method 70 254
Maximum likelihood (ML) spectral distance 254
Maximum likelihood (ML) spectral estimation 89
Maximum likelihood (ML) spectral estimation, formulation of 89
Maximum likelihood (ML) spectral estimation, physical meaning of 93
MDL (Minimum Description Length) criterion 325
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) 200
Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) 252
Mel-scale frequency axis 251
Mimicked voice 352
Minimum phase impulse response 77
Minimum residual energy 256
Mismatches, acoustic 341
| Mismatches, linguistic 341
MITalk-79 system 234
Mixed excitation LPC (MELP) 196
Mixture 290
MLLR (maximum likelihood linear regression) method 325 330
Models 244
Modified correlation method 79
Modified, autocorrelation function 14 98 107
Momentum equation 32
Morph 234
Morphemes 317
Morphological analysis 317
Multi-pulse-excited LPC (MPC) 189
Multiband excitation (MBE) 196
Multilayer perceptrons 399
Multipath search coding 173
multiple regression analysis 336
Multistage processing 178
Multistage VQ 179
Multitemplate method 332
Multivariate autoregression (MAR) 370
Mutual information 292
N-best based adaptation 339
N-best hypotheses 339
N-best results 312
N-gram language model 316
Nasal 11
Nasal cavity 9
Nasalization 11
Nasalized vowel 11
Nearest-neighbor selection rule 394
network model 310
Neural net 399
Neutral vowel 13
Neyman — Pearson hypothesis testing formulation 305
Neyman — Pearson lemma 347
Noise, additive 341
Noise, shaping 138 156
Noise, source 44
Noise, threshold 135
Nonlinear quantization 138
Nonlinear warping of the spectrum 335
Nonparametric analysis (NPA) 52
Nonspeech sounds 249
Nonuniform sampling 266
Normal equation 89
Normalized residual energy 256
Nyquist rate 47
Objective evaluation 200
Observation probability 281
Observation probability distribution 281
Opinion tests 200
Opinion-equivalent SNR (SNRq) 200
Optimal (minimum-distortion) quantizer 394
Oral cavity 9
Orthogonal polynomial representation 367
Out-of-vocabulary 305 344
Pair comparison (A-B test) 200
Parallel connection 225
Parallel model combination (PMC) 344 363
Parametric analysis (PA) 52
PARCOR (partial autocorrelation) analysis 102
PARCOR (partial autocorrelation) analysis, formulation of 102
PARCOR (partial autocorrelation) analysis-synthesis system 110
PARCOR (partial autocorrelation) and LPC coefficients, relationship between 108
PARCOR (partial autocorrelation) coefficient 102
PARCOR (partial autocorrelation) coefficient, extraction process 89
PARCOR (partial autocorrelation) synthesis filter 109
Partial correlator 107
Peak factor 21
Peak-weighted distance 258
Perceiving dynamic signals 385
Perceptual units 381
Perceptually-based weighting 192
Periodogram 92
Perplexity 322
Perplexity log 322
Perplexity test-set 322
Pharynx 9
Phase equalization 195
Phone 6
Phoneme context 238
Phoneme reference template 275
Phoneme, 6 247
Phoneme-based algorithm 247
Phoneme-based system 229
Phoneme-based word recognition 275
Phoneme-like templates 277
Phonemic symbol 6
Phonetic decision tree 320
Phonetic information 246
Phonetic invariants 331
Phonetic symbol 6
Phonocode method 184
Phrase component 230
Physical units 382
Pitch 10 264
Pitch (long-term) prediction 148 153
Pitch error, double 79
Pitch error, half 79
Pitch extraction 78
Pitch extraction by correlation processing 79
Pitch extraction by spectral processing 79
Pitch extraction by waveform processing 79
Pitch-synchronous waveform concatenation 220
Plosive 10
Pole-zero analysis 127
Pole-zero analysis by maximum likelihood estimation 130
Polynomial coefficients 367
Polynomial expansion coefficients, lower order 262
Positive definiteness 250
Postfilter, adaptive noise-shaping 158
Postfiltering 158
Pragmatics 264 308
Predicate logic 312
Prediction 145
Prediction error 102
Prediction error operators, forward and backward 106
Prediction gain 147
Prediction residual 141 145 256
Predictive coding 141 143
Preemphasis 51
Procedural knowledge representation 312
Production model 383
Production system 312
Progressing wave model 32
Prosodic features 379
Prosodic features, control of 230
Prosodics 308
Prosody 264
Pseudophoneme 277
PSI-CELP 205
Pulse code modulation (PCM) 138 141
Pulse generator 27
Quadrature mirror filter (QMF) 162
Quantization 47
quantization distortion 49 177
Quantization error 49
Quantization noise 49
Quantization step size 47
Quantizing 45
Quefrency 64
Quefrency-weighted cepstral distance measure 262
Radiation 9 27
Random learning 176
Rate distortion function 135
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 354
Recognition, speaker 349
Recognition, speech 243
Rectangular window 58
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