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Guggenheimer H.W. — Plane geometry and its groups
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Название: Plane geometry and its groups
Автор: Guggenheimer H.W.
Аннотация: In this book the main theorems of plane euclidean geometry are proved on a university level. In the opinion of the writer, a reasonable training of high-school teachers must present them with a good working knowledge of geometry before starting to speak about foundations, i.e., about geometry.
The approach to geometry chosen in this book goes back to some papers by Ch. Wiener in the early 1890's. In particular also, I am indebted to the great book on plane geometry by Jacques Hadamard, and to modern works by G. Thomsen, H. Freudenthal, and F. Bachmann. Freudenthal has remarked that geometry today suffers from a low level of formalization as compared to other parts of mathematics. I am trying to remedy the situation by the use of a consistent formalism which is in keeping with the notations both of set theory and of traditional geometry. The deviations from the usual notations are kept to a minimum. Sometimes, however, they are unavoidable; for example, to untangle the different notions of angle that appear in elementary geometry, or, to distinguish between the point set of a segment and the vector which is its length.
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Рубрика: Математика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 1967
Количество страниц: 297
Добавлена в каталог: 26.07.2013
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Предметный указатель
Absolute, of hyperbolic geometry 225
Absolute, theorem 228
Addition points 106
Addition ratios 116
Addition vectors 42
Addition, of lengths 50
Addition, oriented angles 31
Addition, power series 260
Altitude 23
Anallagmatic 207
Angle bisector 9 33 263
Angle Bisector, external 16
Angle of analytic geometry 32
Angle of circles 149
Angle of pair of elliptic points 258
Angle of trigonometry 32 71
Angle Sum, hyperbolic 236
Angle, acute 20
Angle, alternating 37
Angle, center 89
Angle, elementary 9
Angle, obtuse 20
Angle, oriented 68 29 30
Angle, oriented, hyperbolic 231
Angle, right 20
Angle, straight 18
Angle, subtended at circumference 91
Angle, vertical 36
Antipodal point 251
Archimedes, axiom of 51
Archimedes, method of 197
Area function 107
Area Function of parallelogram 112
Area Function of rectangle 111
Area Function of triangle 112 124
Area Function, hyperbolic 237
Area Function, oriented 118
Artin, E. 266
Associative law 7 31 111
Asystatic 71 72
Automorphism of group 64
Automorphism of ordered field 199
Automorphism, of archimedean field 199
Axiom I
Axis of symmetry 40
Axis, radical 148
Bachmann, F. v 266
Bankoff, L. 277
Barrow, D.F. 186
Base 20
Bernstein, L. 277
BETWEEN 3 226
Blumenthal, L. 266
Boltyanskii, V.G. 121 266 267
Burckhardt, J.J. 266
Cantor, G. 285
Carlitz, L. 277
Center, of circle 85
Center, of group 64
Center, of homothety 152
Center, of hyperbolic circle 231
Center, of nine-point circle 165
Center, of rotation 29
Central 87
Centroid 48
Chord 89
circle 85
Circle of Appolonius 130
Circle of similitude 162
Circle, hyperbolic 231
Circle, M- 204
Circle, nine-point 165
Circumcenter 23
circumcircle 87
Circumradius 135
Closure, of plane 205
Collinear 4
Commutative law 31 43 61 111
Commutator subgroup 71
Commuting maps 12
Comparison theorems 19 199
Comparison, of angles 18
Comparison, of segments 17
Completeness 70
Concentric 89
concurrent 2
Concyclic 93
Congruence 10
Convex 4
Coordinates of hyperbolic line 247
Coordinates, homogeneous hyperbolic 247
Coordinates, in analytic geometry 262
Coset 65
Court, N.A. 266
Covering map 252
Coxeter, H.S.M. 266
Cross ratio 119 239 248
Curve of Constant Distance 233
De Comberousse, C. 267
Decagon, regular 137
Diameter 85
Disjoint 2
Distance 86
Distributive law 111
Duplication, of Cube 34
Edge, of polygon 44
Edge, of triangle 4
Element 2
END 229
Endpoint 3
Entity, elliptic 251
Entity, hyperbolic 225
Epimorphism 63
Equation of Line, normal 263
Equiangular Triangles 128
Equidistant 20
Equivalence, relation of 11
Erdoes, P. 186
Ergodic 184
Euclid 122
Euclidean algorithm 74
Euler line 50 165
Eves, H. 266
Excenter 88
Excircle 87
Exponential 63
Exponential of segment 248
Factor group 67
Faithful 71
Fejes Toth, L. 77 266
Field 116
Field of geometry 132
Field, non-Archimedean 136 262
Field, ordered 116
Field, Pythagorean 132
Field, uniquely ordered 136
Foot, of altitude 23
Forder, H. 266
Formal power series 260
Freudenthal, H. v 266
Fundamental domain 73
Gauss plane 205
Geometry, analytic 116
Gerretsen, J.C.H. 266
Glide reflection 53
Glide Reflection, hyperbolic 233
Gnomon 107
Golden section 136
Gonseth, F. 266
Group 59
Group, abelian 61
Group, crystallographic 73
Group, crystallographic, hyperbolic 238
Group, cyclic 62
Group, cyclic, infinite 62
Group, GL(2, F) 248
Group, special linear 244
Hadamard, J. v 266
Halfplane 3 262
Halfplane, hyperbolic 226
Harmonic range 129
Hart's Linkage 207
Heptagon 84
Hexagon, Pappus 99
Hexagon, Pascal 104
Hilbert Plane 260
Hilbert, D. 266
Hjelmslev's Midline 235
Hjelmslev, J. 10
Homogeneous space 66
Homomorphism 62
Homothety 152
Homothety of ratio one 153
Horocycle 233
Hypotenuse 24
Hypothesis 1
identity map 8
Incenter 24
incircle 87
Indeterminate 260
Inequality of L'Huilier 191
Inequality, arithmetic-geometric mean 187
Inequality, isoperimetric 194 195
Infinity, neighborhood of 205
Infinity, point at 205
Interior of convex set 86
Interior of polygon 72
Interior of triangle 5
Interior, of angle 18
Intersection 2
Inverse 10 59
inversion 200
Involution 8
Isogonal 28 95 143
Isometry 22
Isomorphism, of group 63
Isomorphism, of structure 224
Isoperimetric Polygons 189
Isotomic Map 40
Isotropy group 68
Jeger, M. 267
Kazarinoff, N.D. 267
Kernel, of map 71
Kernel, of set 7
Klein, F. 267
L'Huilier's Inequality 191
Lattice 73
Lattice group 73
Lattice, hexagonal 82
Lattice, parallelogram 79
Lattice, rectangular 80
Lattice, rhombic 80
Lattice, square 81
Leg, of angle 9
Leg, of isosceles triangle 20
Leg, of right triangle 24
Length of segment 50
Length, in real hyperbolic plane 240
Leuenberger, F. 275 277
Line 2 262
Line of support 85
Line, elliptic 252
Line, hyperbolic 225
Logarithmic function 63
Lune 257
M'Clelland, W.J. 267
MAP 7
Map, fractional linear 244
Matrix 244
Matrix, product 244
Median 23
Method, axiomatic 1
Midline 9 264
Midline, Hjelmslev's 235
midpoint 9
Midpoint of edge 44 45
Midpoint of hyperbolic lines 234
Mitrinovic, D.S. 277
Model, of a geometry 224
Moebius Circle 204
Moise, E.E. 267
Monomorphism 63
Mordell, L.J. 186
Moser, W.O. 266
Motion, euclidean 10 60
Motion, horocyclic 233
Motion, proper 60
Multiplication, of lengths 111
Multiplication, of oriented segments 114
Multiplication, of points 106
Multiplication, of power series 260
Multiplication, of ratios 116
Nairizi, An 121
Nowacki, W. 77
Null set 2
Numbers, mod n 61
Numbers, real 61
Order, of cyclic group 62
Origin, of coordinates 116
Ornament 72
Ornament, ribbon 84
orthocenter 47
Pappus, problem of 197
Pappus, theorem 138
Pappus, theorem, affine 100
parallel 2
Parallel, angle 240 248
Parallel, polygon, inner 191
Parallelogram 38
Parallelogram law 43
Parallelogram, complementary 107
Pascal line 104 145
Path, regular 182
Peaucellier's cell 207
Pedoe, D. 277
Pencil, maximal 26
Pencil, of circles 148
Pencil, of lines 26
Pencil, of M-circles 209
Pentagon, regular 136
Perpendicular 9
Perpendicular bisector 9 263
Perspective 101
Plane, elliptic 252
Plane, Gauss 205
Plane, Hilbert 260
Plane, hyperbolic 225
Point 2 66
Point at infinity 26 205
Point, antipodal 251
Point, diagonal 100
Point, elliptic 251
Point, Feuerbach 169
Point, ideal 26
Point, invariable 163
Point, negative Brocard 170
Point, positive Brocard 170
Point, symmedian 169
polar 207
Polar of elliptic point 255
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