Optical instruments, types of602—606 Optical invariant of refraction76 Optical length89—91278279623 Optical medium3 Optical medium, homogeneous669685686 Optical medium, isotropic34670685686 Optical system23 Optical tube length of microscope655661676 Optical zone of cornea of eye697698 Optometer of Badal422423 Orange color720731 Ordinary ray in double refraction687691692693see Ordinary wavesee "Double refraction" Origin of coordinates149see Orthoscopy, Conditions of543—545 Pale colors731 Parabolic mirror565619 Paraxial ray diagrams168—171 Paraxial ray, Calculation of519—521606—617 Paraxial ray, definition152 Paraxial rays, Centered system329—334519—521 Paraxial rays, infinitely thin lens217—257276—279285 Paraxial rays, plane refracting surface96—98191265—269615 Paraxial rays, plate with parallel faces105—107 Paraxial rays, spherical mirror153—179189274—276285 Paraxial rays, spherical refracting surface179—202269—274285519534614 Paraxial rays, thin lens-system289—291 Parsons Optical Glass Company686 Pathological astigmatism698 Pellin-Broca constant deviation prism584585 Pencil of rays24 Pendlebtjry, C., "Lenses and systems of lenses"280 Pentaprism148588 Penumbra7562563 Period of vibration473 Periodic character of luminous phenomena762770 Peripheral (indirect) vision446721743748see"Twilight Perspective elongation of image419420 Perspective in art22559 Perspective ranges of points159—161 Perspective reproduction in screen-plane417 Perspective, center of159 Perspective, Center of, pupil-centers as centers of perspective416417 Perspective, Center of, so-called center (K)532 Perversion of image in plane mirror39—40753 Petzval, J., Curvature of image539 Petzval, J., portrait lens634 Photograph, Correct distance of viewing417—419754 Photographic negative635 Photography, Discovery of635see Physical optics598670Chap. Physiological astigmatism697 Physiological opticsChap. XVIII Pigments, Mixing of722725 Pinhole camera5561see Pink color720731 Planck, Max, quantum theory769 Planck, Max, transition from classical physics to new physics767 Plane image, Conditions of538—540548 Plane mirrorsee also "Inclined mirrors""Mirror"Thick"Sextant""Heliostat" Plane mirror, Conjugate points38 Plane mirror, field of view40—43 Plane mirror, image of extended object in37—40 Plane mirror, perversion of image39—40753 Plane mirror, punctual imagery508618 Plane mirror, reflecting power380381 Plane mirror, reflection of plane and spherical waves at33—37 Plane mirror, rotation of3256 Plane mirror, uses of52 Plane mirrors, Inclined43—51565—569 Plane mirrors, Inclined, rectangular combinations, for rectifying image5051566—568 Plane refracting surface, Caustic surface9899 Plane refracting surface, narrow astigmatic bundle of rays98—100553 Plane refracting surface, paraxial rays96—98191265—269 Plane refracting surface, plane wave70—72 Plane refracting surface, principle of least time87—89 Plane refracting surface, spherical wave265—269 Plane wave13 Plane wave, mechanical illustration7273 Plane wave, reflection at plane mirror33—35 Plane wave, refraction at plane-surface70—72 Plane wave, refraction through prism.123124 Plano-convex and plano-concave lenses219225 Plano-cylindrical lenses315—317 Plastic impression751see Plate (or slab) with plane parallel faces, and when plate is inclined to line of sight105—107 Plate (or slab) with plane parallel faces, apparent position of object when plate is perpendicular to line of sight102103 Plate (or slab) with plane parallel faces, multiple images by reflection and refraction107—110 Plate (or slab) with plane parallel faces, parallel plate micrometer103 Plate (or slab) with plane parallel faces, Path of ray through101—103570571 Plate (or slab) with plane parallel faces, refraction of paraxial rays105—107 Poincare H., Ether764 Point of fixation432747749750751755756 Point-source of light1 Point-source of light, apparent place and direction15—18 Point-source of light, appearance of709 Polarization microscope683 Polarization of light596598688695696762770 Porro, I., Prism system for rectification of image5051573588 Porta’s pinhole camera5561 Porta’s pinhole camera, camera obscura561 Porta’s pinhole camera, inclined mirrors, etc.565 Porta’s pinhole camera, properties of lenses570 Porte lumiere53 Porterfield, W., Minimum visibile716 Portssee "Entrance-port""Exit-port" Poser, M., Microphotographs of retina684 Positive and negative directions along a straight line104 Positive and negative directions along a straight line, positive direction along the axis149219 Positive lens223 Posterior pole of eye432438 Power of accommodationsee "Accommodation" Power of lens or prismsee "Prism""Reflecting"Refracting Prentice, C.F., Crossed cylinders321 Prentice, C.F., diagrams308309310 Prentice, C.F., power of ophthalmic prism135 Presbyopia435628 Primary Colors744see"Pure Principal planes335 Principal planes of a spherical refracting surface196335 Principal planes of a thin lens239 Principal point angle447 Principal point angle as measure of size of retinal image448 Principal points334335 Principal points of "thick" mirror377—379383 Principal points of combination of two lenses367369370 Principal points of compound system361 Principal points of compound system of three members375 Principal points of infinitely thin lens239 Principal points of schematic eye374432 Principal points of schematic eye, as points of reference437 Principal points of schematic eye, of eye in state of maximum accommodation437 Principal points of thick lens363 Principal points, image equations referred to345—347 Principal points, relation to nodal points341343 Principal section of crystal692 Principal section of prism113 Principal sections of a bundle of rays304311—314528535 Principal sections of cornea704—706 Principal sections of curved surfaces302525 Principal sections of cylindrical surface306 Principal sections of surface of revolution, Index797 305 Principal sections of toric lenses310 Principal sections of toric surface309 prism8586113see"Ophthalmic"Roof-angle"Reflection Prism binoculars51606759—760see Prism, and its measurement55 Prism, base-apex line134 Prism, constant deviation584585588 Prism, dispersion by465
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