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Spirer H.F., Spirer L., Jaffe A.J. — Misused Statistics
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Название: Misused StatisticsАвторы: Spirer H.F., Spirer L., Jaffe A.J.Аннотация: Revised and updated edition of a standard in the field. Alerts readers to the problems, inherent in statistical practice-illustrating the types of misused statistics with well-documented, real-world examples, nearly half new to this edition, drawn from a wide range of areas, including the media, public policy, polls and surveys, political elections and debates, advertising, science and health care, and business and economics.
Язык: Рубрика: Математика /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Издание: 2nd edition, revised and expandedГод издания: 1998Количество страниц: 280Добавлена в каталог: 11.12.2011Операции: Положить на полку |
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Предметный указатель
Accuracy 166 Affirmative action 156 — 157 AIDS virus 201 Aikens, C. Melvin 184 America Online 169 — 170 American Indians see Native Americans American Statistical Association 177 American Velvet Company 194 — 195 Arrest statistics 60 — 61 Association confused with causation 106 142 Astronomical measurements 57 Athens, plague of 199 Bailar, Barbara 237 Bangladesh 240 Basic data 55 Basic data, bias 16 Basic data, blatant flaws 15 Basic data, invalid 15 Behuniak, Peter 204 Bias 151 165 Bias crimes 63 Bias, cultural 52 Bias, interviewer 173 Bias, sponsor 174 — 175 Bias, wording 174 Birthrate, developing nations 68 — 69 Birthrate, teenage 207 Brass, W. 184 Brazil 9 68 Breast cancer risk 197 — 198 Cannell, John Jacob 204 Causation 106 Census 64 148 Census, ancient 1 Central tendency 99 Childhood cruelty 141 City of New York, child care centers 23 City of New York, rating of streets 58 Cleveland, William S. 76 Coefficient of determination 122 124 Comparable worth 193 Confidence interval 168 172 Confidence level 167 172 Conjoint Analysis 190 Consumer Price Index 3 78 81 88 Controlled experiment 142 Correlation coefficient 105 119 Crimean war 3 Current Population Survey 151 Data, deliberate suppression of 25 — 26 Data, guesses 57 Data, mythical number 56 Dawes, Robyn 196 Death rates 184 Defense expenditures 198 Definition 130 — 135 Definition, change in 28 41 48 Definition, comparability 39 Definition, crime 38 Definition, race 39 — 41 Deflated dollars 46 88 90 Deming, W. Edwards 34 144 Discrimination against women 182 — 183 Discrimination against women faculty 186 Divorce no-fault 214 Divorce rate 48 — 49 Dreyer, Nancy 222 Drug use 70 Ectoplastistics 14 Ectoplastistics, asbestos damages 222 Ectoplastistics, defined 211 Ectoplastistics, estimates 216 Ectoplastistics, refugee counts 223 Education, national testing 203 — 204 Egypt 68 Employment 132 Eugenics 9 Experiment 16 124 Explanatory variable 120 Family Income 170 — 171 Farber, Henry 200 Favazza, Armando 205 Federal judges, female 29 Feldstein, Martin S. 103 104 Felthaus, Dr. Alan 141 Forecasting 71 — 72 109 Franklin, Benjamin 18 Galantner, Marc 219 Gould, Stephen Jay 9 Governmental misuses of statistics, Britain 230 — 231 Governmental misuses of statistics, China 241 — 242 Governmental misuses of statistics, Ethiopia 231 Governmental misuses of statistics, Pakistan 240 Governmental misuses of statistics, Sudan 231 Governmental misuses of statistics, United States 229 — 230 235 236 239 Governmental misuses of statistics, United States, WIC Program 233 Governmental misuses of statistics, USSR 232 Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) 115 — 119 Graduate Records Examination (GRE) 115 Guesses 57 Gunn, Joel 183 Herrenstein, Richard J. 9 10 Home prices 76 84 Homelessness 9 16 Illegal aliens 58 — 59 Illegitimacy rate 206 Immigrants 65 — 66 Inca civilization, use of statistics by 227 228 India, food supply of 135 — 137 Intelligence Quotient (IQ) 9 10 52 jargon 208 Kagay, Michael 174 Kami, Edi 182 Kellert, Dr. Stephen 141 Kerridge, David 194 Labor force, definition of 133 — 135 Land mines, Cambodia 5 Leading questions 152 178 LISREL® 191 Literary Digest 157 — 158 Lobbyists 216 Logarithmic scale, use of 78 Lott, John R. 174 MacNeal, Edward 201 Margin of error 167 169 Marriage crunch 234 Mean 20 99 203 Media 7 Median 20 — 205 Megamisuse 7 Methodology 20 Misinterpretation 179 Misinterpretation of findings 18 Misinterpretation of findings, achievement tests 19 Misuses of statistics, blatant misinterpretation 138 Misuses of statistics, by governments 229 Misuses of statistics, categories of 13 Misuses of statistics, conflicting numbers 136 137 Misuses of statistics, definition 1 217 Misuses of statistics, deliberate 4 Misuses of statistics, faulty interpretation 7 Misuses of statistics, flawed basic data 7 Misuses of statistics, incomprehensibility 93 Misuses of statistics, incorrect methodology 7 Misuses of statistics, lack of knowledge 7 Misuses of statistics, lack of source 58 — 60 Misuses of statistics, misclassification 62 Misuses of statistics, miscounting 60 Misuses of statistics, missing baseline 76 Misuses of statistics, missing zero 76 Misuses of statistics, percentages 200 Misuses of statistics, spurious precision 212 Misuses of statistics, twisting on the axis 78 Modem Maturity 159 Moorman, Jeanne 235 Morton, Samuel George 6 10 11 Moynihan, U.S. Sen. Daniel P. 104 Murray, Charles 9 10 Mycenaean civilization use of statistics by 228 Mythical number see Data National Assessment of Educational Progress 85 Native Americans 27 — 28 64 New York Times/CBS polls 176 Neyman, Jerzy 126 Nicaragua 68 Nielsen Media Research 169 — 170 Nightingale, Florence 3 4 Nonrespondent 161 178 Nonsampling errors 173 175 Null hypothesis 143 Ockham, William of 181 Ockham’s razor 181 Ogbum, William F. 243 p-value 144 — 146 Paired comparison preference test, beer brands 140 Parsimony, principle of see Ockham’s razor Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) 30 Personal bankruptcy 110 Peterson, Richard 215 Polling, political 8 Population Association of America 235 Poverty, definition of 130 Poverty, in Bangladesh 240 Poverty, index 43 Poverty, level 42 Poverty, line 42 Poverty, threshold 43 131 PRECISION 166 — 170 Precision, estimate of a mean 169 Precision, estimate of a proportion 167 Prosecutor’s fallacy 197 Puerto Rican immigrants 65 — 66 Questionnaires 23 63 70 R-squared 122 Racism 9 Reagan, President 10 11 139 Reeves, Richard 240 Refugees 5 Regression 21 108 110 Regression, multiple 186 Regression, stepwise multiple 188 Residual 121 Respondent, self-chosen 158 — 159 response rate 149 161 178 Responses, types of 153 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 157 Rush, David 233 Rwanda 223 Sample, random 23 — 24 169 Sample, size of 23 — 24 168 169 Sampling 2 Sampling error 24 165 170 177 Sampling, U.S. Census 15 237 Samuelson, Douglas A. 52 190 San Francisco Public Library 224 scatterplot 104 — 107 Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT) 19 115 Self-mutilation 205 Shalala, Donna E. 206 Shapiro, Barbara K. 182 Shays, U.S. Rep. Christopher 152 — 153 Significance, statistical 236 Singer, Max 217 Sleep deprivation 216 Social Security 21 30 103 Standard deviation 120 Standard error 168 Statistical Abstract of the U.S. 210 statistical significance 144 Surveys 147 Surveys, longitudinal 70 Surveys, sample 148 Surveys, size of 149 Surveys, verification 150 Telephone interviewing 160 162 176 The Bell Curve 9 10 52 Thinking about percentages 139 Thinking, common sense 206 Thinking, lack of 25 Thinking, statistical 194 Thomas, David H. 183 Thurber, James 216 Time series chart 85 Tufte, Edward 76 Tukey, John 75 106 U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs 65 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 3 134 200 236 U.S. Bureau of the Census 2 20 58 65 134 162 235 U.S. Census 28 64 65 148 U.S. Census Bureau see U.S. Bureau of the Census U.S. Constitution 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture 62 233 Uncertainty 166 Underground economy 69 Unemployment 236 Unemployment rate 171 Unemployment rate, definition of 134 Unemployment rate, measurement of 151 Uniform Crime Reports 61 United Nations Demographic Yearbook 45 United Nations Statistical Yearbook 45 Variability 166 Variability, sample size 24 Variables, independent 187 — 188 Variance 120 Variance, explanation of 187 — 188 Verifiability of results 25 Violence against women 213 Wainer, Howard 76 85 Weitzman, Lenore 214 Wilson, Pete 172 World Health Organization 231 Yankelovich, Daniel 176 Zaire 223
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