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| Graham J., Baldock R. — Image processing and analysis. A practical approach |
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| Предметный указатель |
Image re-sampling 269
Image registration 167 see
Image restoration 29
Image segmentation 70 72—85
Image segmentation, boundary approach 72
Image segmentation, edge approach 72
Image segmentation, Kirsch's method 76
Image segmentation, region approach 72
Image segmentation, thresholding 73—75
Image sharpening 48
Image similarity 184—186
Image similarity, information-theoretic measures 209—211
Image similarity, information-theoretic measures, entropy 209—210
Image similarity, information-theoretic measures, mutual information 210
Image similarity, information-theoretic measures, Shannon — Wiener 210
Image similarity, statistical measures 208—209
Image similarity, statistical measures, normalised cross-correlation 208
Image similarity, statistical measures, normalised standard deviation 209
Image similarity, statistical measures, sum of intensity differences 208
Image similarity, statistical measures, variance of intensity ratios 208
Image smoothing 47 53 78
Image transform see also "Filters"
Image transform, functional intensity transform 40
Image transform, Harr 101
Image transform, histogram-based transform 41
Image transform, hit-or-miss 87
Image transform, linear 46
Image transform, morphological 53—60
Image transform, non-linear 50
Image transform, texture 65
Image transform, wavelet 52
Image warping 261
Image, coordinate frame 230
Image, pose 229 230 231
Image, primitives 225
Image-Pro Plus 106
ImageTool 105
Immersion medium 15
Interphase nucleus 2 29
Interpolation 269 see "Transformations"
Interpolation, bilinear 99 175 269 270
Interpolation, nearest neighbour 175 269 270
Interpolation, sine function 269
Interpolation, spline 175
ISODATA algorithm 129 130
Isosensitivity curves 146
Iterative closest point (ICP) 204—207
Jackknife method 141 142 see
Jarvis march (convex hull algorithm) 92—93
K-means algorithm 129 134
Karhunen — Loeve expansion 128
Karyotype 69 71 99
Karyotype, ideogram 99
Karyotype, karyotyping 113
KB Vision 106
Kernel methods 121
Kirsch edge operator 80
Knee 225 229
Koehler, August 7
Koehler, illumination 8
Kohonen see "Neural network"
Lamps, arc 14
Lamps, halogen 14
Lamps, tungsten 14
Landmark points 224 226 227—228
Landmarks anatomical 198 203
Laplacian operator 77 see
Laplacian operator, Laplacian of Gaussian 78
Laser 15
Leave-one-out method 142 231 232 see
Lenses 9—12
Lenses, condenser 8 17
Lenses, eyepiece 17
Lenses, objective 8 9 15
Lenses, objective, achromatic 15
Lenses, objective, apochromat 15
Lenses, objective, fluorite 15
Lenses, objective, semi-apochromat 15
Light, absorption of 6
Light, coherent 6
Light, colour of 3
Light, diffraction of 3—4
Light, laser 15
Light, monochromatic 7
Light, reflection of 5
Light, refraction of 6
Light, scatter of 5
Light, sources 14
Likelihood 114
LView Pro 105
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 154 197 224 241
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microscopy 155
Mahalanobis see "Distance"
Markov random field 64
Mathematical morphology 37 53—60 88—91
Mathematical morphology, closing 54 89
Mathematical morphology, dilation 54 89
Mathematical morphology, erosion 54 89
Mathematical morphology, greylevel 56
Mathematical morphology, max and min filters 56
Mathematical morphology, opening 54 89
Mathematical morphology, rolling ball transform 57
Mathematical morphology, skeletonisation 90—91
Mathematical morphology, thinning 90
Mathematical morphology, top-hat transform 58
Max filter 56 see
Medial axis 276
Metaphase, cell 70 71
Metaphase, finding 70 104
Microscope 1—36
Microscope, confocal 13
Microscope, fluorescence 2 13
Microscope, illumination 14
Microscope, image 1 69
Microtome 156—157 190
Microtome, horizontal 190
Microtome, sections 159 261
Min filter 56 see
Mitosis 70
Model, active shape 234
Model, coordinate frame 230
Model, deformable 228
Model, grey-level 235
Model, image 175
Model, matching 232
Model, parameters 226 230
Model, shape 228 230
Model, statistical 235
Model-based interpolation 262
Model-based methods 223—247
Modes of variation 238
Moments 250
Morphing see "Image warping"
Morphological operators see "Mathematical morphology"
Morphometric analysis 225
Multiresolution, active shape models 236
Multiresolution, edge detection 81
Multiresolution, gaussian 235
Multiresolution, pyramid 236
Multiresolution, search 237—238
Multiresolution, wavelets 100
Mutual information 276
Mycelia, fungal 37 38
Neural networks 131—137
Neural networks, artificial neural networks 131
Neural networks, competitive network 135
Neural networks, feedforward 132
Neural networks, Kohonen self-organising map 136
Neural networks, multi-layer perception 132
Neural networks, multi-layer perception, training 133—134
| Neural networks, radial basis function (RBF) 134
Neural networks, supervised training 132—135
Neural networks, training 132
Neural networks, training, convergence 133
Neural networks, training, epoch 133
Neural networks, training, learning rate 133
Neural networks, training, momentum 133
Neural networks, training, winner-take all 135 136
Neural networks, unsupervised training 135—137
NIH Image 105
Noise 25
Noise in cameras 25—26
Noise in cameras, blooming 26
Noise in cameras, dark current 25
Noise in cameras, dead pixels 27
Noise in cameras, photon noise 25
Noise in cameras, quantisation noise 26
Noise in cameras, readout noise 26
Noise in cameras, smearing 26
Non-parametric classifier 96
Normal distribution 115
Numerical aperture 3 9—11
Nyquist frequency 25
Opening see "Mathematical morphology"
Operating point (ROC analysis) 146
Optical distortions 11
Optical filters 17
Optical filters, bandpass 18
Optical filters, colour 18
Optical filters, contrast 17
Optical filters, dichroic 18
Optical filters, emission 18
Optical filters, excitation 18
Optical filters, infrared, heat absorbing 18
Optical filters, interference 18
Optical filters, neutral density 18
Optical filters, UV-absorbing 19
Optical filters, wedge 18
Optimisation 232 see
Optimisation, genetic algorithm 232
Optimisation, hill-climbing 104
Optimisation, Levenberg — Marquardt 212
Optimisation, Powell's method 232 234
Optimisation, Simplex method 232 234
Optimisation, simulated annealing 234
OR see "Binary image processing"
Pattern recognition 111—152
Peaking of classifier performance 138
Perceptron see "Neural network"
Perspective transformation 261
PET see "Positron emmision tomography"
photons 3
Pin-cushion distortion 12
Plane curve, estimating length 253
Point spread function 10
Point-set 263
Polyline, mapping closed 282
Polyline, mapping open 280
Pose 229
Positron emmision tomography (PET) 197 204
Prewit edge operator see "Edge"
Principal components 228
Principal components, analysis 128 244—6
Principal components, eigenvalues 244
Principal components, eigenvectors 244
Principal components, modes 229
probability see also "Likelihood"
Probability, class-conditional 114
Probability, posterior 115
Probability, prior 114
Probes, labelled 252
Procrustes transform 242 277
Projection 250
Projective stereology see "Stereology"
Pseudocolour 42
Radial basis function see "Neural networks"
Random variable 250
Random variable, 3D projection 250
RBF see "Neural networks"
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) 112 145—148
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), free-response (FROC) 147
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), regular 147
Reference set 123
Region growing 84—85
Region of interest (ROI) 33
Registration 197—199 204—218 see
Registration transformation 199—202
Registration transformation, affine 200
Registration transformation, elastic 201 202
Registration transformation, projective 201
Registration transformation, rigid 200
Registration, 3D-3D 212—15
Registration, contour-based 204
Registration, surface-based 204
Registration, validation 215
Registration, voxel-based 207—211
Resolution 9—10
Resolution, limit of microscope 9
Resolution, spatial 166
Resubstitution 141
RMS error 98
Roberts edge operator see "Edge"
ROC see "Receiver operating characteristic"
ROI see "Region of interest"
Rolling-ball see "Mathematical morphology"
Rotation 182
Rotation, ambiguity 184
Sample preparation 29 37
Sampling 25 236 269
Scale and edge detection 51
Scale in wavelet transform 52
Scale, estimation 182
Scan-line processing 271
Search see also "Optimisation"
Search, heuristic, for edge linking 81
Sections see also "Microtome" "Three-dimensional
Sections, serial 153 158
Shade correction 29 59
Shear transformation 201
Signal to noise ratio (SNR) 20
Simulated annealing 102 128
Single-photon emmission tomography (SPECT) 197
Singular value decomposition 178 202 263
Skeleton 90—91 see
Skeleton for touch and overlap resolution 92
Skeleton, grassfire technique 90
Skeleton, pruning 90
Skeleton, thickening 90
Skil-Image 105
Smoothing 225 236 see
Snake see "Active contour"
SNR see "Signal to noise ratio"
Sobel edge detection see "Edge"
Spatial data mapping 261
Speckle 7
SPECT see "Single-photon emmission tomography"
Spherical aberration 12 261
SPLINE 262
Spot counting 29—35
Stepwise selection of features 126
Stereology 155 249—260
Stereology, 3D estimation 249
Stereology, projective 249—260
Stereotactic frame 199
Structure intersections 159
Sub-sampling 236 see
Surface areas, estimating 254—255
Surgery 198
Talairach space 198
Texture 37 60—66 233
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