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Feynman R.P. — Feynman Lectures on Computation
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Название: Feynman Lectures on ComputationАвтор: Feynman R.P. Аннотация: The famous physicist's timeless lectures on the promise and limitations of computers
Язык: Рубрика: Computer science /Вычислимость /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 1996Количество страниц: 303Добавлена в каталог: 16.11.2005Операции: Положить на полку |
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Adder, binary, asynchronous clocking and 276 Adder, binary, feedback and 44 Adder, binary, from reversible gates 172 189 Adder, binary, full 33 38 189 Adder, binary, half 22 27 Adder, binary, Turing machine implementation 73 Adder, binary, “pairwise” 60 Aliasing 136 Alphabet, source 116 128 Alphabet, source, efficiency of 116 Aluminium (as dopant) 217 Amino acids 164 Amplifier see “Transistor” Analogue signal transmission 129 AND gate 22 et seq. AND gate as finite state machine 63 AND gate in billiard ball computer 177 AND gate, irreversibility of 35 153 AND gate, multiple 27 AND gate, realized by reversible gates 172 189 AND gate, realized by transistors 29 234 AND gate, relation to OR and NOT gates 25 AND, operator 11 AND, plane, in PLA 270 Annihilation, electron-hole, in semiconductors 218 Annihilation, operator, in quantum computer 193 Architecture, Computer 4 19 94 Architecture, computer, wires in 277 Arithmetic, binary 20 Assembly language 18 Band gap energy 214 Band theory of conduction 213 Benioff, P. x 182 Bennett, C.H. viii x 36 146 148 150 151 154 155 160 164 166 173 185 187 209 211 Bernoulli numbers 16 Billiard ball computer 176 Bipolar junction transistor 221 Boolean algebra 11 22 42 Boron (as dopant) 217 Breakdown in miniturization of transistor 237 Breakdown, voltage, in diode 221 Brown, R.L. 4 Brownian computers 166 Butting contact, in VLSI 262 Capacitance, gate, in MOSFET 231 Capacitance, gate, in MOSFET and switching time 236 Carnot engine 152 154 Case’s Theorem 291 central processing unit (CPU) 19 Church, A. 54 Ciphers, Baconian 2 Ciphers, prime factoring 90 Clock skew 274 Clocking in PLA 269 Clocking in shift registers 46 Clocking, asynchronous 276 Clocking, synchronous 276 Clocking, “hot” 247 Cocke, J. viii Codes, error correcting and detecting 95 et. seq. Codes, Morse 124 Codes, perfect 105 Coding 95 et seq. Coding, analogue signals 129 Coding, Hamming 98 Coding, Huffman 124 Coding, predictive 127 Collision, computation, in billiard ball computer 177 Collision, gate 178 Communication theory 95 et seq. Compilers 18 Complementary Metal Oxide, Semiconductor (CMOS) technology 212 230 238 Complementary Metal Oxide, Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, energy dissipation in 238 244 Complementary Metal Oxide, Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, logic gates in 239 243 Computability viii ix x xiii 88 Computability and Turing machines 54 Computation, mathematical limitations on 52 et seq. Computation, reversible 151 et seq. 185 Computation, speed of, and energy cost 167 Computation, thermodynamics of 151 et seq. Computers and primitive elements 186 Computers, architecture 4 19 94 Computers, ballistic 167 176 Computers, Billiard ball 176 Computers, Browrtian 166 Computers, Component failure in 94 Computers, energetics of 137 151 Computers, file clerk model of 5 Computers, instruction hierarchies in 3 18 Computers, memory 10 42 104 269 Computers, organization 20 et seq. Computers, quantum mechanical, ix 182 185 Computers, reversible 151 et seq. CONTROLLED CONTROLLED NOT (CCN) gate 36 et seq. CONTROLLED CONTROLLED NOT (CCN) gate as complete operator 38 CONTROLLED CONTROLLED NOT (CCN) gate in quantum computer 192 et seq. CONTROLLED CONTROLLED NOT (CCN) gate, reversibility of 36 154 188 CONTROLLED NOT (CN) gate 36 et seq. CONTROLLED NOT (CN) gate in quantum computer 194 206 CONTROLLED NOT (CN) gate, realized by switches (in QMC) 203 CONTROLLED NOT (CN) gate, reversibility of 37 188 Converter, unary to binary 74 Conway, L. 212 240 262 264 295 Copernicus, N. 291 Copying Turing machine 79 Creation, electron-hole, in semiconductors 218 Creation, operator, in quantum computer 194 Crossover gate, in billiard ball computer 179 D-rype flip-flop 49 Data compression 115 124 De Morgan’s theorem 25 Decoder, binary 30 40 Decoder, realized by logic gates 31 Delay, finite state machine 57 Delay, identity gate as 24 Denning, P.J. 3 294 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 120 163 170 Depletion mode, transistor 224 230 Depletion mode, transistor in VLSI 259 262 Depletion region in MOSFET 223 260 Depletion region in pn junction 218 Design rules, in VLSI 263 Diffusion, electron-hole, in pn junction 218 Diode 213 Diode, light emitting 220 Diode, pn junction 217 Dipole copier 160 Dirac, P. 289 290 Direct Load, instruction 13 Doping, in semiconductors 215 Drift velocity, cursor, in quantum computer 200 Drift velocity, electrons in silicon 225 254 Effective procedures 52 89 Effective procedures in calculus 53 Effective procedures in geometry 53 Effective procedures, Turing machines and 55 67 80 Efficiency of coding 102 Efficiency of Turing machines 54 Electromigration 264 Electron-proton scattering 285 287 Encoder, binary 33 40 Encoder, predictive 127 (see also “Coding”) Enhancement mode, transistor 224 234 Enhancement mode, transistor in VLSI 261 Enhancement mode, transistor, p-channel 231 Entropy and information theory 123 Entropy and reversible computation 174 Entropy in thermodynamics 140 Errors, correction and detection 95 et seq. Errors, correction and detection, component failure and 94 Errors, correction and detection, multiple 98 Errors, correction and detection, single 96 EXCHANGE gate 34 et seq. EXCHANGE gate as reversible primitive 188 EXCHANGE gate in VLSI 273 EXCHANGE gate, controlled see “Fredkin gate” FANOUT gate 34 et seq. FANOUT gate as reversible primitive 188 FANOUT gate, constructed from CN gates, “double”, in billiard ball computer 178 Feynman, R.P. viii ix x xi 1 2 95 123 212 217 238 252 283 284 Feynman, R.P. and Mayan hieroglyphics 288 Feynman, R.P. and “Cargo Cult Science” 292 Feynman, R.P., diagrams 291 Feynman, R.P., parton model of 285 Feynman, R.P., “notebooks” of 286 File clerk model, of computer operation 4 Finite state machines 55 Finite state machines and grammars 91 Finite state machines and Turing machines 66 80 Finite state machines, composite 62 Finite state machines, delay 58 Finite state machines, general 64 Finite state machines, limitations of 60 Finite state machines, logic gates as 63 Finite state machines, parity 59 96 Flip-flops 42 Flip-flops and clocking 47 250 Flip-flops and computer memory 42 Flip-flops, D-type 49 Flip-flops, master-slave 48 Flip-flops, RS 47 Fluidic analogy, energy dissipation in switching 244 248 Fluidic analogy, MOSFET operation 225 Follower circuit 235 Forward bias in diode 220 Forward bias in MOSFET 226 Fourier transforms 133 Fox, G. ix Fredkin gate 39 Fredkin gate, realized by billiard ball gates 180 Fredkin, E. 36 39 183 185 209 211 Free energy 140 Free energy and information 143 Free energy and reversible computation 155 Free energy and Shannon’s Theorem 150 Free energy, loss, in quantum computer 199 Gallium Arsenide (as dopant) 220 Gang discs 105 Gang disks as finite state machines 63 Gang disks, malfunctions in 94 Gang disks, reversible 34 153 187 CONTROLLED CONTROLLED EXCHANGE FANOUT FREDKTN NAND NOT OR XOR”) Gell-Mann, M. 284 et seq. General recursive propositions 54 Gleick, J. 293 Godel, K. 52 Godel’s theorem 52 Goldbach’s conjecture 52 Grammars and machine translation xiii Grammars, machine implementation of 91 Halting problem 80 et seq. Hamiltonian, in quantum computer 185 191 Hamming and gang disks 104 Hamming, code 98 Hamming, distance 112 Hamming, R.W. 99 Hillis, D. viii Hopfield, J. viii ix Hot clocking 247 Huffman coding 124 Huffman, D.A. 124 Imperfections, in quantum computer 199 Inductance and energy dissipation during switching 187 244 Inductance in VLSI 247 information viii 115 Information as fuel 146 Information theory viii ix 115 instruction sets 3 8 Instruction sets in general PLA 268 insulators 214 Inversion layer, in MOSFET 224 Inverter 28 Inverter in hot clocking process 248 Inverter in VLSI 262 (see also “Transistor MOSFET”) Inverter, amplification in 235 242 Inverter, chains of 235 266 Inverter, nMOS 233 Inverter, switching time of 252 Jump, instruction 13 Kepler, J. 291 Kleene, S.C. 54 Landauer, R. x 148 151 Lasers 220 Law of mass action 216 Leff, H.S. 148 295 Leighton, R. 287 289 Light emitting diode (LED) 220 Locating Turing machine 75 Majority logic decisions 104 Martin, A.J. 252 Mask see “Planar process fabrication” Master-slave flip-flop 48 Maxwell, J.C. 148 149 Maxwell’s Demon 148 Mead, C.A. viii ix 160 212 240 262 264 296 Mean free path 169 200 253 Memory, computer 10 42 104 269 Message space 110 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) 222 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and logic gates 233 et seq. Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) as amplifier 235 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) in CMOS devices 239 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) in hot clocking 249 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), depletion mode 230 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), energy use in 238 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), enhancement mode 230 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), fluid analogy for operation 225 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), gate capacitance of 231 236 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), saturation 225 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), threshold voltage 224 230 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), timing in 236 Minsky, M.L. viii 75 82 85 295 Multiplexer 32 Multiplier, binary 73 Multiplier, unary 72 NAND gate 29 et seq. NAND gate in VLSI 263 NAND gate, irreversibility of 35 NAND gate, realized by transistors 29 186 234 NAND gate, realized in CMOS 243 NAND gate, relation to AND and NOT gates 35 186 NAND gate, stick figure for 266 Newton, I. 291 nMOS technology x 29 212 223 nMOS technology, energy use in 238 NOR gate 30 et seq. NOR gate in flip-flops 45 NOR gate, realized by transistors 30 234 NOT gate 24 et seq. NOT gate and clocking 48 65 NOT gate as finite state machine 63 NOT gate as reversible primitive 153 187 NOT gate in quantum computer 194 210 NOT gate, realized by transistors 28 233 262 NOT gate, relation to AND and OR gates 25 Nucleotides, and protein synthesis 164 Opcode 14 Operators, complete sets of 25 38 39 186 Oppenheimer, J.R. 291 OR gate 23 et seq. OR gate in flip-flops 44
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