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| Easterling K.E. — Introduction to the physical metallurgy of welding |
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| Предметный указатель |
Nitrogen, solubility in iron 11
Nitrogen, solubility in weld metals 12 see
Notch toughness 128 193—196
Nucleation at grain boundaries 90 91 94
Nucleation in solid state 89 96
Nucleation in solidification 66
Nucleation of ferrite at inclusions 91
Nucleation, heterogeneous 66
Nucleation, site 91
Oil rigs 242—257
Oil rigs, Pentagone type 243—244
PC software, weldability prediction 187—188
Peak temperature 24 25 37
Pearlite 93 105 109 119 152 167—169 176
Phase transformations 137 167—169
Phase transformations at inclusions 91 111
Phase transformations in duplex stainless steel 97—103
Phase transformations in HAZ 167
Phase transformations in weld metal 89—118 119
Phase transformations,  135 137—138 167
Phase transformations,  167
Phase transformations, effect of alloying on 108—111
Plastic deformation at crack tip 195
Precipitate, coarsening 141 154
Precipitate, dissolution 143—146 149
Precipitate, hardening 129 167 233 236
Precipitate, stability 138—140
Preheat 135 151 152 237 242
Process variables 1
Pulsed sources, heat flow evaluations 30
Recrystallization 135—137
Reheat cracking 233—242
Reheat cracking, effect of impurities 238
Reheat cracking, mechanism 239
Residual stresses 38—52
Residual stresses at weld centre line 39 41 49
Residual stresses due to transformation 36—39
Residual stresses in butt welds 50
Residual stresses in cold cracking 219 224—226
Residual stresses in lamellar tearing 212 216
Residual stresses in liquation cracking 165
Residual stresses in reheat cracking 233
Residual stresses in solidification cracking 205
Residual stresses in welds 39 41
Residual stresses, drilled hole-strain gauge rosette technique 48
Residual stresses, FEM measurements 48 49 52 225
Residual stresses, hole drilling technique 44
Residual stresses, measurements of 44—47
Residual stresses, numerical methods 47—52
Residual stresses, X-ray technique 46
Rosenthal equations 18 20 22 27—33 60 see
Rutile electrodes 4 8
Rutile electrodes in arc welding 12
Rutile electrodes, hydrogen content 5 14
Rutile electrodes, properties of 5 6
SA welding see "Submerged arc welding"
Schaeffler diagram 100 101
Segregation 69—85 103 104 108 204—205
Segregation, concentration gradient 72—74 102 103 104
Segregation, partitioning coefficient 72 204 206
Shielding gas 2 3 7 8 9
Shielding gas in metal arc 2 3 7
Shielding gas,  2
simulators 34—38
Slag 2 4 5—6
Slag for resistance heating in submerged arc welding 2 33
Slag inclusions see "Inclusions" "Slag"
Slag, basicity of 4 5—7
Slag, coating in MMA weld 4 6
Slag, effect of deoxidants 95
Slag, viscosity of 7 see
Solidification 56 84 200—204
Solidification by constitutional supercooling 76—84
Solidification cracking 200—207
Solidification cracking, effect of segregation 204—205
Solidification cracking, mechanism 204—207
Solidification cracking, role of microstructure 200—204
Solidification, cellular 76—84
Solidification, cracking 200—207
Solidification, dendrick 76—84
Solidification, epitaxial 66—69
Solidification, eutectic 72
Solidification, heterogeneous 69
Solidification, nucleation 66—67 68
Solidification, planer-cellular 81
Solidification, stages of 80
Specific heat 19 20 24
Speed of arc 18 63
Speed of arc, effect on solidification structure 63 65
Speed of arc, influence on crystal growth 65
Speed of arc, influence on isotherm shape 59—60
Speed of arc, influence on weld shape 60 63
Steel 127 167
Steel, alloying effects 103 108 127 129 131 160—161 165 236
Steel, CCT diagram 109
Steel, Cr-Mo-V 180 235 236 238
Steel, creep resistant 235 236
Steel, effect of hydrogen on 180—182 226 227 228
| Steel, oxide-dispersed 114 169—172
Steel, phase diagram 75
Steel, reheat cracking in 234 235
Steel, stainless 97—103 151
Steel, Ti-microalloyed 159 160
Steel, Ti-V-Al 160 161
Steel, transition temperature 131 186
Stoichiometry 162
Stresses see "Residual stresses"
Submerged arc welding 2 3 5—7 12 13
Submerged arc welding, arc efficiency 19
Submerged arc welding, fluxes in 4 5 6
Submerged arc welding, microstructure CCT diagram 93
Surface energy 66—67 89 90 130 206 207 230 231
Tekken test 223
Temperature gradient 81 83 145 158
Temperature gradient, effect on grain growth 159
Thermal capacity 22—23
thermal conductivity 22—23
Thermal conductivity, effect on isotherm shape 60
Thermal cycle see "Weld thermal cycle"
Thermal diffusivity 22—23
Thermodynamic calculations 161
Thick plate solution 24
Thin plate solution 24 25
TIG welding see "Tungsten-inert gas welding"
Toughness 130 191—200
Toughness, notch 158 193
Toughness, testing for 160—163
Transition temperature 130 131 186 199
Tungsten-inert gas welding 4
Tungsten-inert gas welding of monel 83
Tungsten-inert gas welding of stainless steel 84
Tungsten-inert gas welding, arc efficiency 118—119
Tungsten-inert gas welding, dendritic structures in 83 84
Tungsten-inert gas welding, effect of welding speed on microstructure 84
Vanadium 111
Weld thermal cycle 18—38
Weld thermal cycle of base metal 24
Weld thermal cycle, effect on precipitate stability 138—140 143—146 150
Weld thermal cycle, heat-flow equations 18 27—33
Weld thermal cycle, measured cycle 25 34 37
Weld thermal cycle, pulsed sources 30
Weld thermal cycle, Rosenthal equations 18 22
Weld thermal cycle, simulated cycles 34
Weld thermal cycle, stresses and strains 38 40 41 44—46
Weld thermal cycle, temperature distribution 21 39
Weld thermal cycle, two- and three-dimensional heat flow 20
Weld, aluminium alloy 177—179
Weld, composition 8 15—18 55 71—72 76—77 84 100 104 108
Weld, crater 15 84
Weld, deposit 8
Weld, distortion 42
Weld, duplex stainless steel 97—103
Weld, fume 2
Weld, fusion line 55 84
Weld, geometry 55—66
Weld, isotherms 21 22 60 61 63 66
Weld, melt turbulence 56—59
Weld, metal 55
Weld, metal refinement 87—89
Weld, modelling 118—121
Weld, multi-run 183—187
Weld, oxygen content 112
Weld, pool 2 83
Weld, pre-heat 135 237
Weld, shape 15—16 23 59 64 83
Weld, simulation 34—38
Weld, single crystal stainless steel electron beam 86
Weld, solidification 56 63 66—69 76—85
Weld, strains 40 42
Weld, stresses 38—52
Weld, thermal cycle 18—38
Weld, thermal cycling 160
Weld, thermal gradients 56—59
Weld, vee butt 16 17
Weld, vertical butt 16 186
Weldability 1 132 133
Weldability,  criterion 132—138 261
Weldability, factors influencing 188
Weldability, formulae 133 262
Weldability, prediction with PC software 187—188
Welding, consumables 4
Welding, current 18
Welding, electron beam 2 151
Welding, electroslag 3 151
Welding, fusion 2
Welding, gas-metal arc 2 3 7 19 151
Welding, manual metal arc 2 3 151
Welding, metal-inert gas 2 19 151
Welding, nomogram 27
Welding, pulsed 30 31
Welding, solidification 56
Welding, speed 19 61 63 84
Welding, submerged arc 2 5 19 151
Welding, tungsten inert gas 19 151
Welding, voltage 18
Wetting angle 67
X-ray technique 44 46 66
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