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| Авторизация |
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| Osche G.R. — Optical detection theory for laser applications |
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| Предметный указатель |
ABCD ray transfer matrix 79
Additive nature of Gaussian processes 329
Airy pattern 73 98 116
Alternate incomplete gamma function 373
Angular uncertainty, beam spread 95
Aperture averaging and integrated intensity 174
Aperture averaging in direct detection 150 302
Aperture averaging, factor 204
Aperture averaging, incoherent detection 150 302
Aperture transfer function 174 233
Area receiver 234
Area statistics of speckle field see "Integrated statistics"
Array theorem 104
Atmospheric clutter 306
Atmospheric turbulence and beam wander 212
Atmospheric turbulence and conservative passive additive 185
Atmospheric turbulence and one-way communication links 298 339
Atmospheric turbulence as a homogeneous medium 184
Atmospheric turbulence as an inhomogeneous medium 185
Atmospheric turbulence, beam-wave theories of 184
Atmospheric turbulence, bistatic geometry in 298 339
Atmospheric turbulence, coherent detection in 338
Atmospheric turbulence, constant amplitude signal in 339
Atmospheric turbulence, correlation function of 196
Atmospheric turbulence, direct detection in 297
Atmospheric turbulence, frozen-in model 183
Atmospheric turbulence, inertial sub-range 185
Atmospheric turbulence, inner and outer scales of turbulence, definition of 185
Atmospheric turbulence, isotropy 185
Atmospheric turbulence, Kolmogorov theory of turbulence 185—186
Atmospheric turbulence, monostatic geometry in 302 306 343
Atmospheric turbulence, normalized correlation function for 196
Atmospheric turbulence, plane wave theory of 190
Atmospheric turbulence, power spectral density of the refractive index fluctuations 191
Atmospheric turbulence, power spectral density of the refractive index fluctuations, Kolmogorov spectrum 193 200
Atmospheric turbulence, power spectral density of the refractive index fluctuations, modified von Karman spectrum 194 200
Atmospheric turbulence, power spectral density of the refractive index fluctuations, Tatarski spectrum 193
Atmospheric turbulence, Rayleigh fluctuating signal in 344
Atmospheric turbulence, refraction index structure function 186
Atmospheric turbulence, refractive index structure constant 186
Atmospheric turbulence, Rytov method 188
Atmospheric turbulence, Rytov parameter 196
Atmospheric turbulence, saturation length 211
Atmospheric turbulence, saturation of scintillation 217
Atmospheric turbulence, spherical wave theory of 190
Atmospheric turbulence, strong turbulence theory 217
Atmospheric turbulence, structure constant, definition of 185
Atmospheric turbulence, supersaturated regime 217
Atmospheric turbulence, Tatarski theory of 187
Atmospheric turbulence, transverse correlation length of 201 339
Atmospheric turbulence, turbulence-induced speckle 182
Atmospheric turbulence, turbulent eddies 183 221
Atmospheric turbulence, two-dimensional spectral density 3—67
Atmospheric turbulence, two-thirds law 185
Atmospheric turbulence, universal theory of turbulence 218
Atmospheric turbulence, variance of amplitude and intensity 201—202
Atmospheric turbulence, variance of log amplitude and intensity 201—202
Atmospheric turbulence, wave structure function 199
Atmospheric turbulence, weak turbulence theory 187
Autocorrelation function 42
Autocorrelation function of the intensity 175 177
Avalanche photodiode (APD) 61 140 276
Avalanche photodiode (APD), Mcintyre distribution, probability density function for 278
Avalanche photodiode (APD), WMC distribution, for diffuse targets 288
Avalanche photodiode (APD), WMC distribution, for specular targets 279
Avalanche processes 140—141
Average value see "Statistical parameters"
Background radiation 143
Backpropagated local oscillator 115 118
Backscatter amplification effect 303 306 343
Beam modes or wavefunctions 75
Beam wander see "Atmospheric turbulence"
Bernoulli trials 7 296 388
Bessel functions of the first kind, zeroth order 33
Bessel functions, integral representation of 70
Binary detection 47
Binary integration algorithm 381
Binary integration algorithm and Poisson signal in Poisson noise 383
Binary optical communications system 52
Binomial distribution 7 249 382
Binomial expansion 246 264
Bistatic reflectance 168
bit error rate (BER) 53
Bivariate or second order statistics 16
Born approximation 188
Bose — Einstein distribution as limit of negative binomial distribution 250
Bose — Einstein distribution for signal in turbulence 304
Bose — Einstein distribution, definition of 250
Bulk dark current 141
Bunching and anti-bunching statistics 64 290
Burgess variance theorem 289 402
Campbell's theorem 139
Capture efficiency 120
Center of mass, statistical analog of 10
Central-limit theorem 30
Centrally obscured aperture 73
Characteristic function for chi-squared distribution 35 260
Characteristic function for Gaussian distribution 29 267
Characteristic function for integrated intensity 235
Characteristic function for Kummer's distribution 254
Characteristic function for negative binomial distribution 252
Characteristic function for negative exponential distribution 235
Characteristic function for noncentral chi-squared distribution 35 260
Characteristic function for parabolic-cylinder distribution 271
Characteristic function for Poisson distribution 242
Characteristic function for Poisson signal in Poisson noise 243
Characteristic function, definition of 27
Chi-squared distribution, probability density function for 34
Clutter sources 142
Clutter speckle 307
Coherence parameter 220 265 336
Coherence, area 154
Coherence, complex coherence factor 153 180
Coherence, complex degree of 153 157
Coherence, complex degree of spatial coherence 153
Coherence, complex degree of temporal coherence 153
Coherence, degree of coherence 153—154 157 177
Coherence, time 154
Coherent detection statistics for constant amplitude signal in Gaussian noise 320
Coherent detection statistics for constant amplitude signal in turbulence 339
Coherent detection statistics for constant amplitude signal, Gaussian approximation 324—325
Coherent detection statistics for one-dominant plus Rayleigh signal 331
Coherent detection statistics for Rayleigh fluctuating signal in Gaussian noise 328
Coherent detection statistics for Rayleigh fluctuating signal in turbulence 344
Coherent detection statistics for Rician signal in Rician noise 334
Coherent detection statistics in terms of power variables 325
Coherent or heterodyne detection 2 62—66 318—319
Coherent state 64
Coherent-detection signal-to-noise ratio with truncated beams 125
Coherent-detection signal-to-noise ratio with untruncated beams 117
Coincidence detection algorithm see "Binary integration algorithm"
Coincidence detection for APD Geiger-mode detectors 384
Coincidence detection for APD Geiger-mode detectors, correction factors for 387
Coincidence detection for APD Geiger-mode detectors, measurement intervals for 386
Collimated beams 71 103 123 128
Comparison of coherent and direct detection statistics 346
Complementary error function 269
Complex beam parameter, definition of 76
Complex number, definition of 27
Complex scalar field amplitude 3—4
Complex surface 4—39 5—22
Complex wave amplitude 69
Computer generated images of Airy pattern 73
Computer generated images of fully developed speckle 228
Computer generated images of Gaussian beam speckle 109
Computer generated images of Gaussian beam speckle, aperture distribution for 108
Computer generated images of partially developed speckle 258
Computer generated images of two-beam interference pattern 106
Conditional probability, definition of 17—18
Constant amplitude signal in Gaussian noise 320
| Contour integration 31 236 259 401
Contrast of a speckle pattern 259
Convex sum, definition of 36
Convolution integral 27
Convolution theorem 27
Correlation area 178
Correlation coefficient see "Statistical parameters"
Cumulative binomial distribution 382
Cumulative distribution function, definition of 9
Dark current 140
Dark noise 267
Dead time, in Geiger mode detectors 292
Decision theory, a posteriori probabilities 50
Decision theory, a priori probabilities 50
Decision theory, alternative hypothesis 48
Decision theory, average cost 77
Decision theory, Bayes decision rule 54
Decision theory, Bayes risk 60
Decision theory, Bayes rule 18
Decision theory, binary or signal detection 47
Decision theory, composite hypotheses 48
Decision theory, detection probability, definition of 49
Decision theory, error costs 54
Decision theory, error of the first kind 49
Decision theory, error of the first kind as type I error 54
Decision theory, error of the second kind 49
Decision theory, error of the second kind as type II error 54
Decision theory, false alarm probability, definition of 49
Decision theory, false alarm, definition of 49
Decision theory, hypothesis testing 48
Decision theory, ideal observer test 52 79
Decision theory, information parameters 47
Decision theory, least favorable statistics 60
Decision theory, likelihood functions 51
Decision theory, likelihood ratio 51
Decision theory, minimax criterion 60
Decision theory, miss probability, definition of 49
Decision theory, missed detection 54
Decision theory, Neyman — Pearson decision rule 58
Decision theory, null hypothesis 48
Decision theory, parameter estimation 47
Decision theory, simple hypotheses 48
Decision theory, test statistic 50
Decision theory, threshold level 51—52
Degree of polarization 309
Density function, definition of 6—7
Detector optimization 134—136
Detector responsivity 65 146
Determinant 24
Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) 2
Diffraction, definition of 68
Diffraction, extended Huygens — Fresnel formula 303
Diffraction, far-field distribution of a circular aperture 7
Diffraction, Fraunhofer formula 71
Diffraction, Fresnel — Kirchhoff formula 69
Diffraction, Huygens — Fresnel integral formula 70 98
Diffraction, Huygens — Fresnel principle, example of 74
Diffraction, inclination factor 69
Diffraction, limit 75 93
Diffraction, near and far fields 72
Diffraction, secondary Huygens' wavelets 69
Diffraction, theory of 68
Dirac delta function 7
Direct detection 2 64 227
Direct detection, receiver 227—228
Direct detection, signal processor 227—228
Direct-detection signal-to-noise ratio with truncated beams 131
Direct-detection signal-to-noise ratio with untruncated beams 129
Direct-detection statistics for a Geiger-mode APD detector and multiple time-bins 295
Direct-detection statistics for a Geiger-mode APD detector and rough targets 294
Direct-detection statistics for a Geiger-mode APD detector and specular targets 293
Direct-detection statistics for a negative binomial signal in Poisson noise 254—256
Direct-detection statistics for a noncentral negative binomial signal in Poisson noise 265—266
Direct-detection statistics for a parabolic-cylinder signal in Gaussian noise 275—276
Direct-detection statistics for a Poisson signal in Poisson noise 244
Direct-detection statistics for an APD detector and a rough target 288—292
Direct-detection statistics for an APD detector and a specular target 278—288
Direct-detection statistics for an APD detector and a specular target in the high signal limit 281
Direct-detection statistics for an APD detector and a specular target with the WMC approximation 279
Direct-detection statistics for depolarized fields 309—313
Direct-detection statistics for multiple uncorrelated signals 313—315
Direct-detection statistics in atmospheric clutter 306
Direct-detection statistics in atmospheric turbulence 297
Discrete Fourier coefficients 40
Discrete Fourier Transform 285
Distribution function, definition of 9
Doppler frequency 63
Double-thresholding algorithm see "Binary integration algorithm"
Doubly-stochastic Poisson process 245
Effective aperture 74
Effective ionization rate ratios 142
Energy spectral density 40
Ensemble autocorrelation function 42
Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) 266
Ergodic hypothesis 38 184 234—235
Excess noise 140 277
Exponential fading 232
Extinction coefficient 148
Extremely strong turbulence 219
Fano factor 290
First order statistics see "Univariate statistics"
Fluctuating and nonfluctuating targets 319
Focused CW coherent system 124
Fourier integral transforms, definition of 28
Fourier optics 104
Fourier — Stieltjes transform 44—46 191
Free-space optical communications links, coherent detection in 64
Free-space optical communications links, coherent detection in turbulence 339—344
Free-space optical communications links, direct detection in turbulence 298—300
Frequencies of occurrence 6
Frequency bins 6
Fringe visibility 154
Gamma distribution and partially polarized light 310—311
Gamma distribution and uncorrelated speckle fields 315
Gamma distribution as a chi-squared distribution 236
Gamma distribution as limit of noncentral chi-squared distribution 261
Gamma distribution for the integrated intensity 236
Gamma distribution in generalized notation 236
Gamma distribution, cumulative distribution function of 238—239
Gamma distribution, probability density function for 31 236 268
Gamma function, definition of 393
Gaussian beam, focal range of 82
Gaussian beam, focal volume of 83
Gaussian beam, radius of 76—77
Gaussian beam, radius of curvature of 76—77
Gaussian beam, range resolution of 83
Gaussian beam, Rayleigh range of 77
Gaussian beam, theory of 75—78
Gaussian beam, waist 76
Gaussian distribution and the central limit theorem 30—33
Gaussian distribution and the parabolic-cylinder distribution 267
Gaussian distribution as limiting form of the Poisson distribution 243
Gaussian distribution as limiting form of the Rician distribution 324
Gaussian distribution as limiting form of the WMC distribution 281—282
Gaussian distribution, definition of 7
Gaussian distribution, two-dimensional form 24 230 321
Geiger-mode APD detector 62 291
Geiger-mode APD detector, dead time of 292
Geiger-mode APD detector, measurement intervals or time bins 294
Geiger-mode APD detector, multiple-pulse detection statistics for 385—388
Geiger-mode APD detector, passive and active quenching circuits for 292
Geiger-mode APD detector, photoelectron detection probability 291
Geiger-mode APD detector, photon detection efficiency of 291
Geiger-mode APD detector, probability of avalanche production in 294
Geiger-mode APD detector, probability of avalanche production in, mutual exclusivity of 294
Geiger-mode APD detector, probability of avalanche production in, statistical independence of 294
Geiger-mode APD detector, processing windows for 294 386
Geiger-mode APD detector, single-pulse detection statistics for 296—297
Golf example 6 11 20
Green's function in surface scattering theory 162
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