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| Osche G.R. — Optical detection theory for laser applications |
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| Предметный указатель |
Green's function in turbulence theory 189—191
Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment 158
Hard targets 3
Heisenberg uncertainty principle 64 95
Helmholtz scalar wave equation 69 75 160 187
Heterodyne detection 62 318
Heterodyne detection, applications of 2—3
Heuristic models of strong turbulence 218
histogram 6
Hole and electron ionization rates 141
Homodyne detection in quantum optics 64
Homodyne detection, definition of 63—64
Huygens' wavelets 69
I-K distribution 218 263
I-K distribution, moments of 222
Impulse function 7
In-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components 320
Inclination factor 69 see
Incomplete gamma function 239
Integrated energy and intensity 233
Integrated statistics see "Summed statistics"
Integration loss for negative binomial signal in Poisson noise 359
Integration loss for noncentral negative binomial signal in Poisson noise 360
Integration loss for parabolic-cylinder signal in Gaussian noise 364
Integration loss for Poisson signal in Poisson noise 356
Integration loss for Rician signal model 381
Integration loss for Swerling Case 0 370
Integration loss for Swerling Case I 375
Integration loss for Swerling Case II 379
Integration loss, definition of 354—355
Interference 152—154
Intermediate frequency 66
Inverse steradian power reflectivity 119 144 168
Jacobian 24
Johnson or thermal noise 136—138
Joint cumulative distribution function 20
K-distribution 219—220
Karhunan — Loeve expansion 238
Kirchhoff or physical optics approximation 160
Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function 247
Kummer's distribution see also "Negative binomial signal in Poisson noise"
Kummer's distribution, characteristic function for 254
Kummer's distribution, moments of 254
Kummer's distribution, probability density function for 247—248
Kummer's transformation 267 395
l'Hopital's rule 274
Lambert's cosine law 169 171—173
Lambertian reflector 164
Lambertian surface 170—171
Laser cavities or resonators 75
Laser radar applications 1—3
Limb darkening 158
Log-amplitude correlation function 196
Log-amplitude random variable 202
Log-amplitude random variable, probability density function for 202 341 345
Log-intensity random variable 202
Log-intensity random variable, probability density function for 202 299
Log-normal Rician distribution 221 263
Log-normal Rician distribution, moments of 222
Log-normal statistics, amplitude distribution for 202
Log-normal statistics, cumulative distribution for the intensity 301
Log-normal statistics, intensity distribution for 202 221 300
Log-normally modulated negative exponential distribution 221
M-out-of-n algorithm see "Binary integration algorithm"
Marcum's Q-function 325
Matched filter theory 45
Maxwell's equations 187
Mean noise power 322
Mean power signal-to-noise ratio 327
Mean signal power 324
Mean voltage signal-to-noise ratio 327
Mean-square noise current 138
Measurement area for integrated speckle 178
Minimum beam spread 95
Mixing or heterodyne efficiency 112
Mixing theorem 112
Modified Bessel function of the first kind 221 261
Modified Rician distribution, moments of 257—258
Modified Rician distribution, probability density function for 257 263 325—326
Moment generating function 28
Moment theorem 176
Multimode beams 84
Multinomial statistics 387
Multiple pulse detection theory, coherent detection for Rician signal model 377
Multiple pulse detection theory, coherent detection for Swerling Case 0 366
Multiple pulse detection theory, coherent detection for Swerling Case I 371
Multiple pulse detection theory, coherent detection for Swerling Case II 375
Multiple pulse detection theory, direct detection for a negative binomial signal in Poisson noise 356
Multiple pulse detection theory, direct detection for a noncentral negative binomial signal in Poisson noise 358
Multiple pulse detection theory, direct detection for a parabolic-cylinder signal in Gaussian noise 360
Multiple pulse detection theory, direct detection for a Poisson signal in Poisson noise 352
Mutual coherence function 151 198 210
Mutual intensity 152
Mutually exclusive random variables in APD Geiger mode statistics 295
Mutually exclusive random variables, definition of 4—5
Narrowband receiver 320—321
natural light 151
Negative binomial distribution and Bose — Einstein distribution 250
Negative binomial distribution, characteristic function for 252
Negative binomial distribution, definition of 248—250
Negative binomial distribution, moments of 252—253
Negative binomial distribution, probability density function for 248
Negative exponential distribution and extremely strong turbulence 219
Negative exponential distribution and the intensity of a speckle field 232
Negative exponential distribution, definition of 232
Negative exponential distribution, moments of 231
Neyman — Pearson criterion 58
Noise equivalent power 120 146
Noise spectral densities 146
Noncentral chi-squared distribution, characteristic function for 35
Noncentral chi-squared distribution, noncentrality factor for 36 260
Noncentral chi-squared distribution, probability density function for 36 261
Noncentral chi-squared distribution, series form of 36 260
Noncentral negative binomial signal in Poisson noise 264
Noncentral negative binomial signal in Poisson noise, probability density function for 264—265
Noncentral or generalized negative binomial distribution 264—265
Noncentral or generalized negative-binomial distribution 264
Noncoherent illumination 227
Nondiffraction-limited performance 75
Nyquist derivation of thermal noise 136
Observation, statistical 4
Offset-homodyne 63
One-dominant plus Rayleigh distribution as an incoherent sum of two speckle fields 310 334
One-dominant plus Rayleigh distribution, probability density function for 332
Optical modulation techniques 64
Optical preamplifiers 266—267
Outcomes of a random event 4
Overlap integral for circular apertures 179
Parabolic-cylinder distribution, characteristic function for 271
Parabolic-cylinder distribution, moments of 271
Parabolic-cylinder distribution, probability density function for 268
Parabolic-cylinder function 268 397
Parabolic-cylinder signal 268
Parabolic-cylinder signal in Gaussian noise 267
Parabolic-cylinder signal in Gaussian noise, detection probability for 275
Parameter estimation 47 227
Paraxial approximation 70
Parseval's theorem 40
Partially coherent light 154
Partially developed speckle 256
Pascal distribution, and the negative binomial distribution 250
Peak signal power 325
Pearson's incomplete Gamma function 370
Phase structure function 199
Photodetector 61 239
photoelectric effect 61 239
Photoelectron detection probability 291
Photoemissive processes 233 239
Photomultiplier tube 140
Photon bunching and anti-bunching 64 290
| Planck's radiation law 137
Poisson distribution, characteristic function of 242
Poisson distribution, limiting forms of 243
Poisson distribution, moments of 242
Poisson distribution, probability density function of 241
Poisson probabilities 36
Poisson signal in atmospheric turbulence 298
Poisson signal in Poisson noise, characteristic function of 243
Poisson signal in Poisson noise, probability density function for 244 266
Polarization diversity 227 309
Potential temperature 186
Power signal-to-noise ratio 145
Power signal-to-noise ratio, compared to voltage signal-to-noise ratio 327 330
Power spectral density of a turbulent field 193
Power spectral density, definitions 38—42
Primary carriers 141 277
probability 6
Probability density function, conditional 17—18
Probability density function, continuous and discrete 7
Probability density function, definition of 6
Probability density function, joint 17—18
Probability density function, marginal 19
Probability density function, two-dimensional 17
Processing scan 365
Pulse oximeter 3
Pupil function 174 233
Quantum limit for shot noise limited receivers 147
Quantum limit for the direct detection receivers 349
Quantum well APD 140
Radiance 172
Random variable 4
Randomly phased sinusoids 32 321
Range or time bins 294 386
Rayleigh and exponential signal fading 228 232
Rayleigh distribution in thresholding example 53
Rayleigh distribution, definition of 13
Rayleigh distribution, representing receiver noise 322
Rayleigh distribution, representing speckle amplitude 231
Rayleigh fluctuating signal 328
Rayleigh — Rice approximation 160
Real-beam, definition of 96
Receiver class 227
Reciprocity theorem of Helmholtz 303
Reflectivity per steradian 172
Replacement rule for depolarized fields 311
Resolved and unresolved targets 68
Riccati equation 188
Rice — Nakagami distribution 221 263
Rician distribution for constant-amplitude signal in Gaussian noise 323
Rician distribution, limiting cases of 324
Rician distribution, mean noise power of 322
Rician distribution, mean signal power of 324
Rician distribution, moments of 324
Rician distribution, power form of 325—326
Rician signal in Gaussian noise, probability density function for 335
Rician signal model, relationship to one-dominant plus Rayleigh signal 334
Rician signal model, relationship to partially developed speckle 336
Rms noise power 326
Rotating rough surface 234—235
Rough surface, definition of 160
Second order or bivariate statistics 16
Second order or bivariate statistics in coherence theory 151
Semiclassical radiation theory 240
Shot noise 138
Shot noise, limited performance 147
Signal envelope 320
Signal-to-noise ratio of truncated coherent detection systems 125—128
Signal-to-noise ratio of truncated direct-detection systems 131—134
Signal-to-noise ratio of truncated direct-detection systems and detector optimization 134—136
Signal-to-noise ratio of untruncated coherent detection systems 120 122
Signal-to-noise ratio of untruncated coherent detection systems, far-field limiting cases 121
Signal-to-noise ratio of untruncated coherent detection systems, soft or volume targets 123—124
Signal-to-noise ratio of untruncated direct-detection systems 131
Signal-to-noise ratio of untruncated direct-detection systems, far-field limiting cases 131
Simulated far-field pattern 71
Soft or volume target 123—125
Solar or background radiation 143
Spatial and temporal coherence 153—154
Spatial autocorrelation function 43
Spatial Fourier transform and Fraunhofer formula 72
Spatial Fourier transform in Fourier optics 104
Spatial homogeneity 184
Spatial power spectral density 43
Speckle, averaging 229 255 265 276
Speckle, diversity 227 313 315
Speckle, pattern 109 228 258
Spectral filter 143
Spectral irradiance 143
Spectral radiance 143
Specular reflection 159
Squeezed states 64
Stationary processes in increments 37
Stationary processes in random events 36—37
Stationary processes in the ergodic sense 38
Stationary processes in the strict sense 37
Stationary processes in the wide-sense 37
Stationary processes in turbulent media 38 184
Statistical decision theory see "Decision theory"
Statistical dependence and independence 4
Statistical event 4
Statistical parameters, correlation coefficient 21 175
Statistical parameters, correlation diameter 174
Statistical parameters, correlation radius 180
Statistical parameters, covariance 21
Statistical parameters, cross-correlation function 151
Statistical parameters, degrees of freedom 34
Statistical parameters, examples of 13—14
Statistical parameters, expected value 10—11
Statistical parameters, joint events 4
Statistical parameters, joint probability 17
Statistical parameters, kurtosis or fourth central moment 13
Statistical parameters, mean 10
Statistical parameters, median 12
Statistical parameters, mode or most probable value 12
Statistical parameters, moments 10
Statistical parameters, normalized covariance 21
Statistical parameters, second moment 11
Statistical parameters, skewness or third central moment 12
Statistical parameters, standard deviation 12
Statistical parameters, variance or second central moment 12 21
Statistical realization of a random event 38
Statistical sample, sample function 38
Statistical sample, sample space 4
Statistical sample, sample waveform 38
Statistical stationarity see "Stationary processes"
Statistical trial 4
Stellar interferometry 158
Summed statistics of a Gaussian signal in Gaussian noise 267
Summed statistics of a Gaussian signal in Gaussian noise, characteristic function for 271
Summed statistics of a Gaussian signal in Gaussian noise, probability density function for 268
Summed statistics of fully developed speckle 234
Summed statistics of fully developed speckle, characteristic function for 235
Summed statistics of fully developed speckle, probability density function for 236
Summed statistics of partially developed speckle 259
Summed statistics of partially developed speckle, characteristic function for 260
Summed statistics of partially developed speckle, probability density function for 261
Surface dark current 141
Surface height correlation distance 166
Surface scatter 159
Swerling models 365
Target and turbulence induced speckle 150
Temporal coherence, factor 153
Temporal coherence, function 153
Time autocorrelation function 42
Top-hat aperture distribution 88
Toronto function 368 399
Transformation of random variables, multi-valued functions 23
Transformation of random variables, one-dimensional 22
Transformation of random variables, two-dimensional 24
Transverse coherence length 200
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