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Accetta J.S. (ed.), Shumaker D.L. (ed.), Robinson S.R. (ed.) — The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Volume 8: Emerging Systems and Technologies
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Íàçâàíèå: The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Volume 8: Emerging Systems and TechnologiesÀâòîðû: Accetta J.S. (ed.), Shumaker D.L. (ed.), Robinson S.R. (ed.)Àííîòàöèÿ: The Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook is a joint product of the Infrared Information Analysis Center (IRIA) and the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), this work is an outgrowth of its predecessor, The Infrared Handbook, published in 1978. The circulation of nearly 20,000 copies is adequate testimony to its wide acceptance in the electro-optics and infrared communities. The Infrared Handbook was itself preceded by The Handbook of Military Infrared Technology. Since its original inception, new topics and technologies have emerged for which little or no reference material exists. This work is intended to update and complement the current Infrared Handbook by revision, addition of new materials, and reformatting to increase its utility. Of necessity, some material from the current book was reproduced as is, having been adjudged as being current and adequate. The 45 chapters represent most subject areas of current activity in the military, aerospace, and civilian communities and contain material that has rarely appeared so extensively in the open literature.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Òåõíîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1993Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 646Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 28.11.2010Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Image metrics, target-to-local background 357—359 Image quality 173 174 Image reconstruction 41 50 53 55 63 69—70 77—78 98—103 Image segmentation 377 Image sharpening 217—218 Image sharpening, sharpness function 217 Images, virtual 486 487 488 503 513 Imaging correlography see "Correlography" Imaging geometry 82 95 Impulse response 96 Index of refraction 131 174 Index of refraction structure function 131 Index of refraction structure parameter ( 131 132 141 175—179 181 182 228 444—445 Index of refraction, air 185—186 Indium antimonide detectors 51 Information acquisition 315 320 324 Infrared cameras 73 Infrared imaging 53 Infrared search and track 254—255 Inhomogeneities 497—498 Instantaneous field of view 82 521 522 Instantaneous intensity 110—111 Instantaneous quadrature images 75 Instantaneous transfer function 7 15—16 43 Integration time 105 Interference 209 483 499 500 502 507 Interference fringes 56—57 60 Interferometers/interferometry 490 see "Speckle" Interferometers/interferometry, achromatic grating 80 86 Interferometers/interferometry, achromatic shearing 58 Interferometers/interferometry, amplitude 3 Interferometers/interferometry, aperture-plane 56—79 Interferometers/interferometry, differential speckle 54 Interferometers/interferometry, grating 85—90 Interferometers/interferometry, holographic 498—503 Interferometers/interferometry, image-plane 56 63 77 Interferometers/interferometry, intensity 3 100 Interferometers/interferometry, lateral shear 57—58 Interferometers/interferometry, Mach — Zehnder 57 Interferometers/interferometry, Michelson 3 73 Interferometers/interferometry, Michelson — Fizeau 56—58 Interferometers/interferometry, one-dimensional infrared speckle 50 Interferometers/interferometry, phase shifting 73 75—76 Interferometers/interferometry, pupil-plane 56 72 76 Interferometers/interferometry, radio 105 Interferometers/interferometry, rotation shearing, infrared 72—78 Interferometers/interferometry, rotation shearing, visible 64—71 Interferometers/interferometry, rotational shear 6 58—72 77 79 81 Interferometers/interferometry, shearing 211—214 221 223 Interferometers/interferometry, speckle 3—58 63 76—78 Interferometers/interferometry, stellar speckle 3—56 Interferometers/interferometry, triple shearing 70 Interferometers/interferometry, two-aperture 80—83 Interferometers/interferometry, two-beam 488 Interferometers/interferometry, visible light speckle 22 Interferometers/interferometry, wavefront folding 58 Interferometers/interferometry, wavefront shearing 57—59 Inverse synthetic aperture imaging 110 see Irradiance 484 Irradiance on target 450 463—464 Isoplanatic angle 20 35 134 135 218 Isoplanatic patch 135 214 Isoplanicity 19—21 62—63 Jitter 406 421 431—432 443 458 Jitter, beam 198—199 200 Jitter, mirrors 431—432 443 Jitter, structural motion 432 Jitter, tracker 447 Johnson criteria 357 520 k-nearest neighbor algorithm 281 Knowledge-based architectures 302—304 Kolmogorov turbulence 10 19 131 133 135 176 179 181 Labeyrie 3 28 Ladar see "Range-Doppler imaging" Large optics 200—201 Laser beams 183—184 Laser communications 408 Laser damage 448 Laser guide star adaptive optics 131—148 Laser guide stars 79 131—148 169 218—219 Laser guide stars, elongated 147 Laser guide stars, mesospheric sodium 145—147 Laser guide stars, Rayleigh 144—145 Laser illuminators 407—408 469 Laser line absorption 465—468 Laser radar 91 254 407—408 Laser speckle imaging 92—109 Laser speckle imaging, basic imaging equations 95—97 Laser speckle imaging, imaging correlography 99—103 Laser speckle imaging, imaging methods 97—99 Laser speckle imaging, imaging methods, holography 98 Laser speckle imaging, imaging methods, phase retrieval 98 Laser speckle imaging, receiver requirements 103—106 Laser speckle imaging, symbols, nomenclature, and units 93—94 Laser speckle imaging, transmitter requirements 106—109 Lasers 92 106—107 see "Resonators" Lasers, 407 462—463 Lasers, chemical 407 412 419 422 Lasers, CO 463 Lasers, copper vapor 137 Lasers, DF 462 466—467 Lasers, dye 136 Lasers, excimer 137 407 463 Lasers, free-electron 412 463 Lasers, HF 462 466 Lasers, high-energy 405—407 Lasers, Nd:glass 407 463 Lasers, Nd:YAG 147 407 422 463 Lasers, oxygen iodine 463 Lasers, pulsed 144 Lasers, receiver 110 Lasers, transmitter 110 Lasers, tunable 86 Lasers, wavelengths 461—463 Least-squares solution 221 222 Likelihood function 246 Limb darkening 29 53 55 Lincoln Laboratory Firepond facility 130 Line of sight 82 518 533 Log likelihood function 284 Log normal distribution model 11 13—14 20 46 64 Long-exposure imaging 10 Long-exposure, transfer function 8—10 Lord Rayleigh 31 Luminance 519 524—529 Magnetic flux tubes 54 MAMA detector 50 Marechal approximation 139 masks 504 Matched filtering 114 125—128 378—379 381 386—387 391 504—506 Mathematical morphology 347 Maxwell's equations 131 Mellin transform 141 Mesospheric sodium layer 135—136 139 145—147 Michelson interferometers 3 73 Michelson — Fizeau interferometers 56—58 Microdensitometer 42 Microstructure 202 Microwave spectral region 79 Mirrors see also "Alignment" "Resonators" "Telescopes" "Wavefront Mirrors, aberrations 200—201 203 Mirrors, beam expanders 434—435 439—441 443 Mirrors, boresight/drift 442—443 Mirrors, buried 206 Mirrors, deformable 135—137 142 144 148 191 219 224—226 228—232 Mirrors, fast steering 148 Mirrors, fitting error 229—232 Mirrors, gravity-induced sag 442—443 Mirrors, jitter 431—432 443 Mirrors, metric errors 429 440—441 Mirrors, misalignment 416—417 420 429 431 435 440—443 Mirrors, misfigure 439—440 Mirrors, mounts 436 Mirrors, roof 73 Mirrors, scanning 83 Mirrors, thermal distortion 428 439—440 Mirrors, wavefront errors 428—429 439—441 439—441 Missed detection 247 Model-based reasoning algorithms 380—381 383 386 391 392 Model-based recognition algorithms 380—386 Model-based recognition algorithms, conflict resolution 382 Model-based recognition algorithms, control mechanisms 381 382 Model-based recognition algorithms, hypothesis generation 381 385 Model-based recognition algorithms, inference mechanisms 382 Model-based recognition algorithms, inference mechanisms, Bayesian probability networks 384—385 Model-based recognition algorithms, inference mechanisms, logic representation 386 Model-based recognition algorithms, inference mechanisms, probability representations 385 Model-based recognition algorithms, inference mechanisms, state-space representation 384—385 Model-based recognition algorithms, inference mechanisms, uncertainty models 385 Model-based recognition algorithms, knowledge extraction 381—382 Model-based recognition algorithms, knowledge storage/retrieval 381 382 Model-based recognition algorithms, planning mechanisms 381 Model-based vision algorithms 380—381 Modulation transfer function, adaptive optics 137 139 Modulation transfer function, CRT 525 527 Modulation transfer function, FLIR 521 523 Modulation transfer function, phase-shifting interferometers 75—76 Modulation transfer function, speckle images 56 Modulation transfer function, turbulence 183 Modulation, depth 191 Modulators, acoustic 57 Modulus, Fourier transform 23 36 47 64 68 Modulus, visibility function 75 Moment factoring theorem 100 Moments 11 17 372 Monostatic systems 112 Moving target indication 376—377 Multiplatform sensor fusion 304—313 Multisensor integration 241 243—245 Multisensor integration, track file 260 267 273 274 278—280 288 290 307 318 Mutual coherence 79 N-scan association 287 NASTRAN 447 Near-infrared 50 72 Nearest neighbor association 283—284 Neural networks 269 293—294 300 347 380 386 391—395 Neural networks, neural classifiers 392—394 Neural networks, neural classifiers, Carpenter/Grossberg classifier 393—394 Neural networks, neural classifiers, Hamming net 393—394 Neural networks, neural classifiers, Hopfield net 393—394 Neural networks, neural classifiers, Kohonen self-organization feature maps 393—394 Neural networks, neural classifiers, multilayer perceptron net 393—394 Neural networks, neural classifiers, perceptron net 393—394 Neural networks, neural vision 392 Neural networks, neural vision, boundary contour system 392 Neyman — Pearson criterion 247 350 Noise, atmospheric 64 Noise, detection 64 72 78 89 Noise, Johnson 52 Noise, photon 46 52 64 68 72 106—107 Noise, quantization 89 Noise, readout noise 72 Nonisoplanatic imaging 46 Nonredundant beam recombination 56 63 Nonredundant pairs 57 Nonredundant pupil masking method 70 Object bispectrum 47 Object diameter estimation 29 Object energy spectrum 21 45 51 68 Object intensity reconstruction 30—48 Object maps 43 Obscuration 426 433 Optical path difference (OPD) 73 86 91 228 415—416 Optical path length 171 Optical processing 391 Optical transfer function 7 8 9 96 100 105 132 134 oscillators 413—414 PAPA detector 50 Parallel processing 226 269 391 Partial aperture lasing 422 Passive interferometric range-angle imaging 79—92 Passive interferometric range-angle imaging, applications 90—91 Passive interferometric range-angle imaging, basic concept 80—83 Passive interferometric range-angle imaging, definitions 79—80 Passive interferometric range-angle imaging, grating interferometer implementation 85—90 Passive interferometric range-angle imaging, imaging mode 83—85 Passive ranging 309—313 Passive ranging, angle difference location 310—311 Passive ranging, frequency difference location 312—313 Passive ranging, semiactive location 313 Passive ranging, time difference location 311—312 Pattern recognition, statistical 347 367—377 390—391 392 Pattern recognition, statistical, moving target indication 376—377 Pattern recognition, statistical, region of interest detection 367—370 Pattern recognition, statistical, segmentation 370—372 Pattern recognition, statistical, statistical classifiers 372—376 Phase conjugation 168 188—189 497—498 Phase conjugation, instability 194—197 Phase corrector plate 498 Phase modulating screens 191—193 Phase structure function 179 180 181 Phase, aberrations 63 173 Phase, averaging 43—44 Phase, closure 37 70 Phase, differences 45 Phase, errors 80 91 94 Phase, estimation 69 76 Phase, problem ambiguity 30—34 39 47 Phase, reference point 81 Phase, retrieval 98—100 102 Phase, structure function 132 Phase, term 91 Phase, unwrapping 44 69 Phase-coherent processing 111 Phaseless maximum entropy algorithm 70 Phasors 56 69 Photometry 55 Photon counting 50 72 107 Photons, detected 23 25 28—30 46 Photopolymers 496 photoresist 496 Pipeline and array processors 388 Piston error 140 141 188 207 431 Pixel-level data fusion 259—261 Planetary satellites 53 Planets 53 Point scatterers 492 Point source 4 34 Point spread function 7 8 15—17 19—20 36 41 96 100 116 137 139 525—527 Pointing error 200 see Poisson process 23 Polarimetry 54 55 Polarization 59 65—66 73 147 456 polarizers 96 Polishing errors 460 Power in the bucket 412 456 Power optimization curve 184—185 Power spectral density 176 Power spectrum 7 Power, high-energy laser beam 412—415 423—427 436—438 Power, high-energy laser beam, power budget 454—455 prisms 48 65—66 205 Prisms, Dove 57 Prisms, Koster 58 Prisms, Risley 48 Prisms, roof 58 Probabilistic data association 284—286 Probability density function 246—247 350—351 502 Probability of classification 285—286 Probability of detection 247 350—352 368—369 395
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