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Accetta J.S. (ed.), Shumaker D.L. (ed.), Robinson S.R. (ed.) — The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Volume 8: Emerging Systems and Technologies
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Íàçâàíèå: The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Volume 8: Emerging Systems and TechnologiesÀâòîðû: Accetta J.S. (ed.), Shumaker D.L. (ed.), Robinson S.R. (ed.)Àííîòàöèÿ: The Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook is a joint product of the Infrared Information Analysis Center (IRIA) and the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), this work is an outgrowth of its predecessor, The Infrared Handbook, published in 1978. The circulation of nearly 20,000 copies is adequate testimony to its wide acceptance in the electro-optics and infrared communities. The Infrared Handbook was itself preceded by The Handbook of Military Infrared Technology. Since its original inception, new topics and technologies have emerged for which little or no reference material exists. This work is intended to update and complement the current Infrared Handbook by revision, addition of new materials, and reformatting to increase its utility. Of necessity, some material from the current book was reproduced as is, having been adjudged as being current and adequate. The 45 chapters represent most subject areas of current activity in the military, aerospace, and civilian communities and contain material that has rarely appeared so extensively in the open literature.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Òåõíîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1993Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 646Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 28.11.2010Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Cueing, detection-level 318—319 Cueing, track-level 316—318 Cutoff frequency 227 228 520—521 523 Data alignment 252 267 270 273—277 Data alignment, coordinate conversion 274—275 Data alignment, misalignment compensation 275—277 Data alignment, misalignment compensation, autoalignment 275 Data alignment, misalignment compensation, boresight 275 276 Data alignment, misalignment compensation, mechanical design 175 Data alignment, spatial 304—305 Data alignment, temporal 305 Data alignment, time propagation 273—274 Data alignment, time propagation, prediction covariance 274 Data alignment, time propagation, track state prediction 273—274 Data association 252 267 271 277—292 Data association, hypothesis evaluation 267—268 282—288 Data association, hypothesis generation 267—268 279—282 Data association, hypothesis selection 268—269 288—289 Data association, state estimation 289—291 Data collection management 251 253 306—309 313 Data collection management, detection-level cueing 318—319 Data collection management, integrated sensor/response management 314—316 Data collection management, sensor interoperability 324—326 Data collection management, sensor interoperability, dynamic range allocation 325 Data collection management, sensor interoperability, spatial allocation 324—325 Data collection management, sensor interoperability, spectral allocation 325 Data collection management, sensor interoperability, temporal allocation 325—326 Data collection management, sensor/response integration management 319—324 Data collection management, track-level cueing 316—318 Data fusion 241—341 see Data Fusion Subpanel model 250—251 Data Fusion Subpanel model, level 1 250—252 Data Fusion Subpanel model, level 2 250 Data Fusion Subpanel model, level 3 250 Data Fusion Subpanel model, level 4 251—253 Data fusion trees 264—267 307 322 Data fusion trees, dc level 68 Data fusion trees, dc sidelobes 89 Data fusion, nodes 264—266 Decision function 314 316 Decision threshold 261—263 350 Decision-level data fusion 260—263 Deformable mirrors 135—137 142 144 148 191 219 224—226 228—232 Delta function 23—24 100 108 116 Delta impulse 61 Dempster — Shafer architectures 297—298 Detection 246 248 Detection rate 395 396 Detection threshold 272 Detectors 22 95 99 104 Detectors, bandwidth 86 Detectors, photon-noise limited 22 Detectors, quadrant 209—210 215 Diameter, beam expander 438—439 469—471 Diameter, beam expander, diameter budget 455—456 Dichromated gelatin 496 Diffraction 3 5 61 86 88 92 96 190 199 490 506 see Diffraction losses 422 426—427 436—438 443—444 455 458—459 Diffraction, angles 18 Diffraction, Bragg 493—494 Diffraction, diffraction-grating law 493 Diffraction, gratings 87 205—206 486 493—495 505 507 Diffraction, halo 5 Diffraction, volume 495—496 Diffraction-limited, angular resolution 15 Diffraction-limited, aperture 99 Diffraction-limited, autocorrelation 99 Diffraction-limited, images 42 Diffraction-limited, optical transfer 12 Dirac impulse 61 Directed energy systems 403—480 Directed energy systems, beam expansion and pointing 434—446 Directed energy systems, beam expansion and pointing, beam quality 439—446 Directed energy systems, beam expansion and pointing, diameter 438—439 Directed energy systems, beam expansion and pointing, power 436—438 Directed energy systems, beam formation 412—423 Directed energy systems, beam formation, beam quality 415—423 Directed energy systems, beam formation, power 412—415 Directed energy systems, beam formation, wavelength 423 Directed energy systems, beam quality budgets 456—460 Directed energy systems, beam transfer 423—434 Directed energy systems, beam transfer, beam quality 428—434 Directed energy systems, beam transfer, power 423—427 Directed energy systems, budget values 463—465 Directed energy systems, diameter budgets 455—456 Directed energy systems, elements 405—406 Directed energy systems, examples 469—473 Directed energy systems, laser line absorption 465—469 Directed energy systems, laser wavelengths 461—463 Directed energy systems, power budgets 454—455 Directed energy systems, subsystem performance 409—412 Directed energy systems, subsystem performance, design matrix 409 Directed energy systems, subsystem performance, performance budget 410 Directed energy systems, system examples 407—408 Directed energy systems, system performance 450—454 Directed energy systems, target coupling 448 Directed energy systems, target coupling, coupling geometry 449 Directed energy systems, target coupling, target physics 448 Directed energy systems, tracking 446—447 Directed energy systems, wavelength 460—461 Discriminant thresholds 367 Discriminants 368 dispersion 59 Dispersion, chromatic 19 Dispersion, radial 18 Distortion 356 Distortion number 185—186 Dithering 171 216—217 Doppler frequency 114—116 Doppler measurements 110 see Doppler shift 54 114 125 Doppler, differential (integrated) 312 Double box operator 367—368 Edge fluence 456 Einstein's irreducibility theorem 34 Electronic readout 49 Electronic warfare support measures 254—255 Energy spectra 7 20—31 33 40—41 46—47 49 51—52 Energy transfer function 56 entropy 299—300 Envelope detection 112 Event prediction 245 250 Evidential reasoning 297 Exit pupil 529—531 Expected net payoff 314—316 Expert Systems 304 Exponential filter transmittance 40 Exposure time 15—18 21 26—29 57 eye 167 529—533 Eye relief 531—532 f/#, telescope 434—435 440 470—471 False alarm rate 349 395 396 False alarms 247 272 350—351 364 367 369—370 Far-field distribution 464 Feature estimation 243 247—248 Feature extraction 377 Feature matching 294 Feature-level data fusion 260—263 Field of view 80 276 Field of view, FLIR 519 521—523 Field of view, helmet-mounted displays 523—524 Fienup algorithm 37 41 44 Film, photographic 48—49 Film, photographic, for holography 483 484 488 496 Film, photographic, transmittance 484 487 Filter function 101 Filters, binary 227 Filters, complex spatial 503—505 Filters, exponential 39—42 Filters, invariant decision 392 Filters, Kalman 285 289 291 300 Filters, linear shift-invariant 378 386—387 Filters, matched 378—379 386—387 391 504—506 507 Filters, RC 227 Filters, VanderLugt 391 506 Filters, Wiener filter 21 102 Filters, Wiener — Helstrom filter 101 Filters, Zernike phase-contrast 504 Fitting error 229—232 Fizeau 3 Fluctuations, log-amplitude 179 Focal length, hologram 492 Focus/defocus 14—15 21 188 203 211 230 433 444—445 446 461 491 Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagers 90 252 518 521—523 Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagers, aperture 523 Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagers, field of view 519 521—523 Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagers, focal length 521—523 Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagers, magnification 522—523 Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagers, optical geometry 522 Foucault knife edge test 211 Four-wave mixing 498 Fourier coefficient 89 Fourier components 59 Fourier modulus 7 102 Fourier phase 8 Fourier spectrum 57 Fourier transform holograms 504—506 Fourier transform spectroscopy 78 Fourier transform synthetic aperture imaging 125—129 Fourier transform synthetic aperture imaging, matched filter processing 125—128 Fourier transform synthetic aperture imaging, repetitive staircase waveform imaging 126—128 Fourier transform synthetic aperture imaging, stretch processing 129 Fourier transforms 5—8 16 20 30—34 37 39 43 46 58 62—63 66 69 78—83 89 91—92 96 98—100 502 503—507 Fourier transforms, inverse 39 60 92 96—98 Fraunhofer speckle patterns 18 Frequency difference of arrival 312—313 Frequency-plane mask 378 Fresnel core 419 422 472 Fresnel number 196—197 199 426 Fresnel transform 92 95 96 Fresnel zone plates 490—493 506 508 Fried parameter 72 75 Fringes 57 63 72 490 493 494 499 501 502 Fringes , constructive 494 Fringes , contrast 59 65—66 73 Fringes , motion 57 Fringes , spacing 496 Fringes , visibility 57 64—65 68—70 Full-width at half-maximum 117 Fusion, laser 407 Fuzzy logic 302 386 Gain medium, boresight/drift 419—420 Gain medium, boresight/drift, gain gradient beam steering 419 Gain medium, diffraction 422 Gain medium, jitter 421 Gain medium, wavefront error 415 Gaussian probability 11 13 14 20 28 Gerchberg — Saxon algorithm 36 69 GLint 98 108 168 171 Global Positioning System 274 Gratings 18 52 88 204—206 429 436 see "Holography" Gratings, blazed phase 496 Gratings, buried 206 Gratings, diffraction 205 206 486 493—495 505 507 Gratings, distortion 430 Gray levels 525 Greenwood frequency 134—135 144 227—228 Ground targets 79—80 92 Ground truth 349—350 Guard band 455 Guide stars see "Beacons" "Laser Hand-off error basket 317—318 Hard-decision data fusion algorithms 264 282 284 289 Hartmann wavefront sensors 99 214—216 221 223 442 Helmet-mounted displays 518 523—535 Helmet-mounted displays, contrast 524—525 Helmet-mounted displays, CRTs 525—529 Helmet-mounted displays, exit pupil 529—531 Helmet-mounted displays, eye relief 531—532 Helmet-mounted displays, field of view/resolution 523—524 Helmet-mounted displays, optomechanical adjustments 532—533 Helmet-mounted displays, transmission 524 529 Helmet-mounted sight 518 535—537 Heterodyne detection 110 Heterodyne imaging 85 92 Holograms see "Holography" Holographic interferometry 498—503 Holographic interferometry, double-exposure holography 502 Holographic interferometry, real-time holographic interferometry 502—503 Holographic interferometry, vibration (time-average) holography 501—502 Holographic optical elements 406 436 441—442 446 506—507 Holography 92 98 481—514 Holography, bandwidth of diffracted light 494—496 Holography, Bragg diffraction 493—494 Holography, carrier-frequency technique 485—487 Holography, complex spatial filtering 503—506 Holography, complex spatial filtering, complex spatial filters 503—505 Holography, complex spatial filtering, matched filters 505—506 Holography, computer-generated 504 Holography, display holography 507—513 Holography, display holography, Benton (rainbow) holograms 509—511 Holography, display holography, composite holograms 511—513 Holography, display holography, Denisyuk holograms 507—509 Holography, electronic holography 496—497 Holography, holographic interferometry 498—503 Holography, holographic interferometry, double-exposure holography 502 Holography, holographic interferometry, real-time holographic interferometry 502—503 Holography, holographic interferometry, vibration (time-average) holography 501—502 Holography, holographic optical elements 506—507 Holography, in-line holography 487—489 Holography, incoherent 59—62 Holography, making the hologram 483—484 Holography, off-axis vs in-line holography 488 489 490 Holography, phase conjugation 497—498 Holography, reconstruction 484—485 486 487 Holography, recording media 496—497 Holography, recording media, dichromated gelatin 496 Holography, recording media, photographic film 483 484 488 496 Holography, recording media, photopolymers 496 Holography, recording media, photoresist 496 Holography, recording media, resolution requirements 496 Holography, speckle 34—36 Holography, volume 495 Holography, white-light viewable 495 Holography, zone plates 490—193 Hot spots 370—371 Hubble Space Telescope 418 440 Hypothesis evaluation 267—268 282—288 304 Hypothesis evaluation, Bayesian maximum a posteriori techniques 282 283 Hypothesis evaluation, N-scan association 287 Hypothesis evaluation, nearest-neighbor association 283—284 Hypothesis evaluation, optimal Bayesian association 287 Hypothesis evaluation, probabilistic data association 284—286 Hypothesis evaluation, track-splitting 284 Hypothesis generation 267—268 279—282 Hypothesis generation, report clustering 281 Hypothesis generation, scene segmentation 282 Hypothesis generation, validation gating 279—281 Hypothesis selection 268—269 288—289 290 Hypothesis selection, joint multisensor correlation decision and target state estimation 288 Hypothesis selection, multisensor correlation decision 288—289 Hypothesis selection, target state estimation 289 Illumination 60 68—69 Image bispectrum 47 Image intensifiers 48—49 70 Image intensity 6—7 17 21 40 43 Image metrics 357—359 Image metrics, global 357—358 Image metrics, global target prominence 357—358 Image metrics, target-specific 357—359
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