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Edward M. Purcell — Electricity and magnetism
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Íàçâàíèå: Electricity and magnetismÀâòîð: Edward M. Purcell Àííîòàöèÿ: The subject of this volume of the Berkeley Physics Course is electricity and magnetism. The sequence of topics, in rough outline, is not unusual: electrostatics; steady currents; magnetic field; electromagnetic induction; electric and magnetic polarization in matter. However, our approach is different from the traditional one. The difference is most conspicuous in Chaps. 5 and 6 where, building on the work of Vol. I, we treat the electric and magnetic fields of moving charges as manifestations of relativity and the invariance of electric charge. This approach focuses attention on some fundamental questions, such as: charge conservation, charge invariance, the meaning of field. The only formal apparatus of special relativity that is really necessary is the Lorentz transformation of coordinates and the velocity-addition formula. It is essential, though, that the student bring to this part of the course some of the ideas and attitudes Vol. I sought to develop— among them a readiness to look at things from different frames of reference, an appreciation of invariance, and a respect for symmetry arguments. We make much use also, in Vol. II, of arguments based on superposition.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Èçäàíèå: 2 editionÃîä èçäàíèÿ: 1984Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 484Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 16.10.2010Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
"Del" notation 63 74 78 365 364 365 365 Addition of velocities, relativistic 455 Additivity of interactions 9 12 Admittance 313—315 317 Alnico V, B-H curve for 442 Alternating Current 303—318 Alternating current, representation of, by complex number 311—312 Alternating electromotive force 304 Alternating-current circuit 310—315 Alternating-current circuit, power and energy in 315—317 Aluminum, doping of silicon with 147—148 Ammonia molecule, dipole moment of 365 Ampere (SI unit of current) 2 124 212 474 Ampere, Andre-Marie 2 170 172 193 405 Angular momentum, conservation of, in changing magnetic field 450 Angular momentum, of electron spin 418—419 Angular momentum, orbital, relation to magnetic moment 414 Angular momentum, precession of 470 Anode of vacuum diode 127 Antimatter 4 Antineutron 3 Antiparticle 3 Antiproton 3 Atlantic telegraph cable Prob.4.4 Atom, electric current in 413 Atomic polarizability 362—363 B, and M, and H inside magnetized cylinder 438 B, magnetic field 173 208 B-H curves, for iron and Alnico V 442 Battery, storage, lead-sulfuric acid 155—157 Biot — Savart formula 226 328 Blakemore, R.P. 445 Bohr radius 362 418 Prob.1.21 Boltzmann factor 145 Boltzmann’s constant k 146 385 Bound and free charge 380 Bound and free charge, arbitrariness of the distinction 389 Bound currents 431—432 Bound-charge current 387—389 Bound-charge density 380 Boundary of dielectric, change in E at 377 Boundary-value problem 95 111—113 Bridge network 152 Prob.4.27 Capacitance 103—107 Capacitance of cell membrane Prob.10.7 Capacitance of prolate spheroid Prob.3.20 Capacitance, coefficients of 109 Capacitance, units of 103 Capacitance, units of, illustrated 104 Capacitor 103 Capacitor plate, force on 111 Prob.3.16 Capacitor, dielectric-filled 371—373 Capacitor, energy stored in 110—111 Capacitor, parallel-plate 105 348 Capacitor, vacuum 348 Carbon monoxide molecule, dipole moment of 365 Cathode of vacuum diode 127 Cavendish, Henry 10 Centimeter (unit of capacitance) 103 Centimeter, illustrated 104 Charge density, linear 26 Charge distribution, cylindrical, field of 62 Charge distribution, electric 20—21 Charge distribution, moments of 352—355 Charge distribution, on a surface 28 Charge distribution, spherical, field of 25—26 Charge, in motion see "Moving charge" Charge, magnetic, absence of 404 Charged balloon 31 Charged disk 51—53 Charged disk, field lines and equipotentials of 55 Charged disk, potential of 51 Charged wire, potential of 50 Circuit element 149 Circuits, alternating-current 310—317 Circuits, direct-current 148 151 152 Circuits, equivalent 151 Circuits, LR 282—284 Circuits, RC 159—160 Circuits, resonant 298—303 Circuits, RLC 298 309 315 Circulation 68 Clausius — Mossotti relation 384n CO (carbon monoxide) molecule, dipole moment of 365 Coefficients, of capacitance 109 Coefficients, of potential 109 Coil, cylindrical (solenoid), magnetic field of 227—231 Prob.6.17 Coil, toroidal, energy stored in 286 Coil, toroidal, inductance of 281—282 Compass needle 173 Complex-number representation of alternating current 311—312 Conduction band 145—146 Conduction, electrical 130—148 Conduction, in metals 142—144 Conduction, in semiconductors 144—148 Conduction, ionic 134—135 Conductivity, anisotropic 128 Conductivity, electrical 128—133 Conductivity, of metals 142—144 Conductivity, of various materials 133 Conductivity, units for 132 Conductors, charged, system of 91 Conductors, electrical 88—103 Conductors, field at surface of 92 Conductors, spherical, field around 94 Conformal mapping 111 Conservation of electric charge 4—5 126—127 Conservation of electric charge, distinguished from charge invariance 178 Conservative forces 11 Copper chloride, paramagnetism of 400 402 Copper, resistivity of 133 139 141 Coulomb (SI unit of charge) 8 45 474 Coulomb’s law 7—11 193 Coulomb’s law, tests of 10—11 Critical damping 302—303 Cross product (vector product) of two vectors 173n Curie point 439 Curie, Pierre 439 Curl 68—76 Curl in Cartesian coordinates 71—74 78 Curl, physical meaning of 74—76 Curlmeter 75 Current density, J 124 128 Current loop, magnetic dipole moment of 407—408 Current loop, magnetic field of 405 Current loop, Torque on 419 Current ring, magnetic field of 227 Current sheet 231—235 Current sheet, magnetic field of 221—223 Currents, alternating 303—318 Currents, bound and free 431—432 Currents, bound-charge 387—389 Currents, displacement 328—330 Currents, fluctuations of, random 139 Cylinder, magnetized, compared with cylinder polarized 429 Damped harmonic oscillator 298 Damped sinusoidal oscillation 301 Damping of resonant circuit 300 302 Damping of resonant circuit, critical 302—303 Davis, L., Jr. 11n de Coulomb, Charles 10 Decay of proton 6 Decay time for Earth’s magnetic field Prob.7.28 Deuterium molecule 176 Diamagnetic substances 400 Diamagnetism 413 418 Diamagnetism of electron orbits 417 Diamond, crystal structure of 144 Diamond, wide band gap of 147 Dielectric constant 350 Dielectric constant 350 Dielectric sphere in uniform field 378 Dielectrics 348—352 Diode, silicon junction Prob.4.13 Diode, vacuum 127 Dipole moment, electric 355 Dipole moment, electric, induced 361 Dipole moment, electric, permanent 63 Dipole moment, magnetic, associated with electron spin 419 Dipole moment, magnetic, of current loop 407—408 Dipole moment, magnetic, of electron orbit 413—414 Dipole, comparison of electric and magnetic 410 Dipole, electric, potential and field of 356—358 Dipole, electric, torque and force on, in external field 358—360 Disk, charged 51—53 55 Disk, conducting, field of 102 Displacement current 328—330 Displacement, electric, D 381 432—433 Distribution of electric charge 20—21 Divergence 57 Divergence in cartesian coordinates 59—62 78 Domains, magnetic 440 doping of silicon 147—148 Dot product of two vectors 12 Dynamo Probs.7.31 7.32 Dyne (CGS unit of force) 8 Earth’s magnetic field 210 Prob.11.4 Earth’s magnetic field, decay time of Prob.7.28 Earth’s magnetic field, possible source of 296 Einstein, Albert 2 170 241 Electret 429 Electric charge 2—29 Electric charge, additivity of 9 12 Electric charge, conservation of 4—5 126 178 Electric charge, distribution of 20—21 Electric charge, free and bound 380 389 Electric charge, fundamental quantum of 8 Electric charge, invariance of 176—178 Electric charge, quantization of 5—6 177 Electric charge, sign of 4 Electric currents 124—132 Electric currents and charge conservation 126—127 Electric currents, energy dissipation in flow of 153 Electric currents, parallel, force between 211—212 Electric currents, variable, in capacitors and resistors 159—160 Electric currents, variable, in inductors and resistors 282—284 electric dipole moment 355 Electric dipole moment, induced 361 Electric dipole moment, permanent 63 Electric dipole, potential and field of 356—358 Electric dipole, torque and force on, in external field 358—360 Electric displacement D 381 432—433 Electric field lines 19 Electric field, definition of 16 Electric field, energy stored in 32 Electric field, flux of 21—25 Electric field, flux of, Gauss’s law 22—25 Electric field, in different reference frames 178—181 Electric field, in matter, spatial average of 369 Electric field, inside hollow conductor 96—97 Electric field, Line integral of 42—44 Electric field, macroscopic 370 371 Electric field, microscopic 370 Electric field, of a flat sheet of charge 28 Electric field, of dipole 357 Electric field, of line charge 26 Electric field, of point charge with constant velocity 182—185 Electric field, of stationary charges 180 Electric field, SI unit for 16 Electric field, transformation of 239 Electric field, visualization of 17—20 Electric quadrupole moment 355 Electric susceptibility 372 383 422 Electrical insulators 88—89 Electrical potential energy 13—15 Electrical potential energy of a system of charges 32 46 Electrical shielding 96 Electromagnet, design of Prob.11.25 Electromagnetic field components, transformation of 238—240 Electromagnetic force, range of 10 Electromagnetic induction 256—273 Electromagnetic wave 190 331—343 Electromagnetic wave in dielectric 389 391 Electromagnetic wave in different inertial reference frames 342 Electromagnetic wave, energy transport by 338 Electromagnetic wave, general properties of 334 Electromagnetic wave, reflection of 339 341 Prob.10.24 Electromagnetic wave, standing 336—337 Electromagnetic wave, traveling pulse 335 Electromotive force 155—157 274 Electromotive force, alternating 304 Electron motion, wave aspect of 143 Electron orbit 413—417 Electron orbit, diamagnetism of 417 Electron orbit, magnetic moment of 413—414 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 470 Electron radius, classical 417 Prob.1.10 Electron spin 418—421 Electron spin, angular momentum of 418—419 Electrons 3 5 6 143—147 413—421 Electrons, charge of 8 Electrons, magnetic moment of 419 Electrons, valence 144 Electrostatic field 44 see Electrostatic field, equilibrium in 65 Electrostatic field, transformation law for 181 Electrostatic unit (esu) of charge 8 Energy see also "Potential energy electrical" Energy gap 145 Energy, dissipation of, in resistor 153 Energy, electrical, of ionic crystal 14 Energy, in alternating-current circuit 315—317 Energy, of electric field 31—33 Energy, of system of charges 10 Energy, stored, in capacitor 110—111 Energy, stored, in electric field 32 Energy, stored, in magnetic field 285—286 Equilibrium of charged particle 65 Equipotential surfaces 54—55 92 Equipotential surfaces in field of conducting disk 102 Equipotential surfaces in field of uniformly charged disk 55 Equivalence of inertial frames 171 452 Equivalent circuit 151 Equivalent circuit for voltaic cell 157 Faller, J.G. 10n Farad (unit of capacitance) 105—106 160 Faraday, discovery of induction by 256—258 Faraday, Michael 2 240 Faraday, reconstruction of experiment by Prob.7.10 Faraday, Waterloo Bridge experiment by Prob.7.27 Faraday’s law of induction 272—273 Ferromagnetic substances 400 ferromagnetism 437 Field, meaning of 180 Fluctuations of current, random 139 Flux of electric field, definition of 21—25 Flux tube 265 Flux, magnetic 263—265 Force components, application of 191—192 Force components, Lorentz transformation of 457 Force(s), between parallel currents 211—212 Force(s), conservative 11 Force(s), electromotive 155—157 274 304 Force(s), magnetic 171—173 Force(s), on capacitor plate 111 Prob.3.16 Force(s), on dipole in external field 369 Force(s), on layer of charge 29
Ðåêëàìà
(methanol) molecule, dipole moment of 
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(ammonia) molecule, dipole moment of 
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