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Adair R.K. — The Great Design: Particles, Fields, and Creation
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Íàçâàíèå: The Great Design: Particles, Fields, and Creation
Àâòîð: Adair R.K.
Àííîòàöèÿ: Although modern physics surrounds us, and newspapers constantly refer to its concepts, most nonscientists find the subject extremely intimidating. Complicated mathematics or gross oversimplifications written by laypersons obscure most attempts to explain physics to general readers.
Now, at long last, we have a comprehensive — and comprehensible — account of particles, fields, and cosmology, written by a working physicist who does not burden the reader with the weight of ponderous scientific notation. Exploring how physicists think about problems, Robert K. Adair considers the assumptions they make in order to simplify impossibly complex relationships between objects, how they determine on what scale to treat the problem, how they make measurements, and the interplay between theory and experiment.
Adair gently guides the reader through the ideas of particles, fields, relativity, and quantum mechanics. He explains the great discoveries of this century — which have caused a revolution in how we view the universe — in simple, logical terms, comprehensible with a knowledge of high school algebra. Performing the difficult task of predigesting complex concepts, Adair gives nonscientists access to what often appears to be an arcane discipline, and captures the joy of discovery which lies at the heart of research.
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Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö
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Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1987
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 376
Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 09.12.2009
Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
94—98
Abbot, Edwin, A. 127n
Abelian 220
Abelian, non-Abelian fields 339—342
Aberration 79
Absolute zero (of temperature) 44
Acceleration, absolute character of 103—104
action 29n 164
Addition of velocities, Galilean Relativity 73
Addition of velocities, Galilean Relativity, Special Relativity 93—94
Alpha particle 195
Ambler, Eric 232 282
Ampere, Andre 128
Ampere’s Law 129—131 133
Angular momentum in quantum mechanics 176—180
Anthropic principle 365—369
Antimatter 236—238
Aristotle 141
Arnold, Mathew 366
Aston, F.W. 249
Asymptotic freedom of quarks 276—278
Atoms as standing waves 198—200
Atoms as standing waves, chemical bases 39 41
Atoms as standing waves, described by quantum mechanics, Bohr Model 194—207
Atoms as standing waves, electromagnetic radiation from 200—202
Avogadro, Amedeo 40
Avogadro’s number 45
Barrier penetration 171—173
Baryon’s 214 228 248
Becquerel, Henri 280
Bell, J.S. 183
Bernoulli, Daniel 42
big bang 311
Binding energy 197
Black holes 108—109 318
Blake, William 366
Bohm — Aharanov effect 64 329—331
Bohm, David 183
Bohr Model of atom see “Atoms”
Bohr, Neils 6 149 150 196
Boltzmann statistics 181
Boltzmann, Ludwig 140
Born, Max 149
Bose — Einstein statistics 180—182
Bosons 181—182 347 351
Bottom quark see “Flavor”
boundary conditions 14
Boyle, Robert 41
Boyle’s law 41—43
Bradley, James 79
Brahe, Tycho 353
Brown, Robert 46
Brownian movement 45—47
Butler, C.C. 256
Cabibbo angle 293—296
Cabibbo angle, model 290—294
Cabibbo, Nicolo 291
Carroll, Lewis 230
Causality in Special Relativity 93
Celsius (temperature scale) 44
Chadwick, James 249
Charge 211—213
Charm quark see “Flavor”
Charmonium 271—274
Chirality 282 344
Clausius, Rudolf 44 146
Collisions 19
COLOR 264—266
Color, magnetism 272 274—275
Commutation 339
Complementary quantities 161—162 163
Compton scattering 174—175
Compton, Arthur 174—176
Conduction (of heat in gases) 44
Conjugation 236—238
Conservation 211 245—247
Conservation of angular momentum 16—22 26—28 140
Conservation of baryons 259
Conservation of charge 211 245—247
Conservation of energy 17—18 26—28 95—97 140 310
Conservation of momentum 16—17 27—28 94—97
Conservation of parity 234—236
Conservation of quarks 259
conservation of the quark 269—271
conservation, independence 249 250 255—256 254—255 306n
conservation, quantization 243—245
conservation, strong interaction 213
Containment of gluons 275
Containment of gluons, of quarks 274—276
Copenhagen, interpretation of quantum mechanics 189
Copernicus 366
Correspondence in Special Relativity 89
Correspondence principle 158 207n
Cosmological principle 309—310 314
Cosmology 308—324
Coulomb scattering 226
Coulomb, Charles 55
Coulomb’s law 55—56 62 64
Coupling constant 220
Covariance 32 35—37
Cowper, Abraham 344
CP invariance 236—240 243 344
CPT invariance 241 243
Creation of the universe 363—365
Cronin, James 238
Curie, Marie 280
Curie, Pierre 38
Curl (mathematics) 53 62 328
Curvature of space, cosmological 313—318 (see also “General Theory of Relativity”)
Dalitz, Richard 232
Dalton, John 40 41
Davisson, C. 155
De Broglie waves 64 165—168 173 234—236 329—331
de Broglie, Louis 64
Delbruck scattering 57
Democritus see “Demokritos”
Demokritos 38 43 46 141
Density of the Universe 318—321
Diderot, Denis 39
Diffraction of particles 149—155 (see also “Interference”)
Diffusion (of gases) 44
Dimensions of space, more than three 352
Dimensions, consistency in equations 30
Dirac, Paul A.M. 149 236 245 247n
Divergence (mathematics) 58—59 63
Doppler shift 285 311 321—322n
Down quark see “Flavor”
Eddington, Sir Arthur 141
Einstein 6 8—9 30 46 49 66n 82 86 103 121 123 128 136 149 161 165 176 185 189 282 338 344 345 353 365
Electric field as a changing magnetic field 132
electromagnetic field 128—139 208 325
Electromagnetic field, forces 128—131 133
Electromagnetic field, interaction, under C, P, and T 243
Electromagnetic field, waves 134—137
Electromagnetism 50 54 209—212 325
Electron 54 150 153 159—160 166 194 239 268 358
Electron, helicity 282—284 287—288
Electrostatics 60
Electroweak force 331—340
Energy, kinetic 18
Energy, kinetic, in Special Relativity 96 102
Energy, kinetic, levels of baryons 262—264
Energy, kinetic, levels of charmonium 271—273
Energy, kinetic, levels of mesons 261—262
Energy, kinetic, levels, of atoms 202—204
Energy, kinetic, of the universe 364—365
Energy, kinetic, potential 19—20
Energy, kinetic, quantized 197
Energy, kinetic, stored in electromagnetic field 60—61
Energy, kinetic, stored in strong field 273—274
entropy 145—147
Epistomology in quantum mechanics 150
EPR (Einstein, Podolski, and Rosen) Paradox 183—189
Equations of motion 23
Equivalence principle 103—126 313
Escape velocity 316—317 323n
Ether 74 81
Exclusion principle 180—183
Exclusion Principle and color 265
Expanding Universe 310—313
Families of quarks 344
Faraday, Michael 49 55 128 209
Faraday’s law 131—133
Fermi — Dirac statistics 182—183
Fermi, Enrico 163 255
fermions 182 215 259 347 351
Feynman diagram 210 211—219 219—221
Feynman, Richard 208 209 227
Field 49—66 208
Field particle see “Force particles”
Field theory 209
Field, conservative 52
Field, electric 60
Field, fundamental 208—229
Field, linearity 57
Field, magnetic 62—64
Field, potential 59
Field, scalar 50—53 359
Field, tensor 50 219
Field, unified 50 (see also “Grand Unified Theories”)
Field, vector 50—53 219
Fitch, Val 238
Fitzgerald, George 84
Flatland 127n
Flavor 259 266—267
Force, fundamental 13 208—209
Force, fundamental, particles 211 227 351
Four-vector, energy-momentum 94—99
Franklin, Benjamin 55
Fraunhofer lines 204
Fraunhofer, J. 204
Freud, Sigmund 5
Galaxies 309—313 318
Galilean transformation 68—72
Galilean transformation, invariance 68—72
Galileo, Galilei 6 39
Gauge Fields 331
Gauge Fields for the strong interactions 340—342
Gauge Fields for the weak interactions 331—332
Gauge Fields, invariance 52 246 325—343
Gauge Fields, transformation 342n
Gauss, Christian 112
Gay-Lussac 40
Gell-Mann, Murray 248 258
General theory of relativity 8 10 32 50 55 103—127 149 313 345
General Theory of Relativity, bending of light by the sun 123 126n
General Theory of Relativity, curvature of space 111—112 119—125
General Theory of Relativity, geometry of space 122—123
General Theory of Relativity, precession of the orbit of Mercury 123—124
Geodesies 111 120
Germer, L. 155
Glashow, Sheldon 209 325
Global symmetries 325—327
Global symmetries, transformations 326
Gluons 212 214 341 347
Gluons, carrying momentum in nuclei 268
Gluons, fields around quarks 276
Goldhaber, Maurice 284
Gradient (mathematics) 52 326 328
Grand unified theories 8 50 209 345—356
Gravitational constant 218
Gravitational interaction 15 216—219
Gravitational interaction, under C, P, and T 243
Graviton 217
Gravity 50 51 56 57 313 325
Gravity as geometry 109—113
Greenwich (time) 68
Guth, Alan 359
GUTs see “Grand Unified Theories”
Hadrons 214 228n
Heat death of the universe 147
Heat, conduction in gases 44
Heat, conduction in gases, in changes of entropy 146—147
Heisenberg uncertainty principle see “Uncertainty Principle”
Heisenberg, Werner 149
Helicity of leptons 280
Helicity of leptons, effect on decay rates 287—288
Helicity of leptons, of electrons 282—287
Helicity of leptons, of neutrinos 284—287
Helicity of leptons, of quarks 300—304
Higgs fields 335—337 347 349
Higgs particles in the Creation 359—361
Higgs, Peter 335
Hubble radius 356
Hubble, Edwin 310—313
Humanism, relation to physics 5
Huygens, Christian 190n
Hypercharge 256—264
Hypercharge changing weak neutral decays 297—300
Identical particles 180—183
Inertial systems 68 81 85
Inflation of the universe 359—363
Initial conditions 14
Interaction of the observer in quantum mechanics 164—165
Interference of waves in quantum mechanics 150—155
Invariance 13 14—29
Invariance, with respect to velocity 68
Isotope 41
Ives, Herbert 116
Joyce, James 248 258 298
K-mesons, CP violation 239
Kaluza — Klein theories 352—353
Kaluza, Theodor 352
Kant, Immanuel 39
Keats, John 344
Kelvin (temperature scale) 44
Kepler, Johannes 309 353
Kepler’s second law 22
Kinetic theory of gases 41—45
Klein, Oscar 352
Knox, Ronald Arbuthnot 185
Lagarrigue, A. 338
Lagrange, Joseph Louis 22
Lagrangian 22—24 28—29n 209 334 354 364
Lamarck, Jean 39
Language, limitations 9
Least action, principle of 22
Lee, T.D. 232
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 6 39
Lepton 215 228n 248 347 358
Lepton, helicities 280—288 306n
Lepton, masses 300
Lepton, under C and P transformations 237
Leukippos 38
Light, absolute character of velocity 136
Light, absolute character of velocity, bending in gravitational field 106—109
Light, absolute character of velocity, projectile theory 80
Lineland 127n
Lines of force 56
Lipkin diagrams 283
Lipkin, Harry 282
Local Symmetries 325—327
Local Symmetries, transformation 326
Lorentz four-vectors 98
Lorentz — Fitzgerald relations 82—85
Lorentz, Hendrick 85 133
Lucretius 38 39
Mach, Ernst 38 45 48n 240
Mach’s principle 240—241
Magnetic field 130—131 133
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