This book is devoted to investment decision-making under uncertainty. The book covers three basic approaches to this process:The stochastic dominance approach; the mean-variance approach; and the non-expected utility approach, focusing on prospect theory and its modified version, cumulative prospect theory. These approaches are discussed and compared in this book. In addition, this volume examines cases in which stochastic dominance rules coincide with the mean-variance rule and cases in which contradictions between these two approaches may occur. It then discusses the relationship between stochastic dominance rules and prospect theory, and establishes a new investment decision rule which combines the two and which we call prospect stochastic dominance. Although all three approaches are discussed, most of the book is devoted to the stochastic dominance paradigm. This book is intended for Ph.D students, advanced MBA students specializing in finance, and advanced MA economics students interested in the economics of uncertainty. The book can be used as a supplementary book in post-graduate courses on portfolio selection and investment decision-making under uncertainty.