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Mouroulis P., MacDonald J. — Geometrical optics and optical design
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Íàçâàíèå: Geometrical optics and optical design
Àâòîðû: Mouroulis P., MacDonald J.
Àííîòàöèÿ: This book is an up to date, introductory treatment of geometrical optics, from the point of view of the future optics practitioner. The principles of gaussian optics and first-order layout and design are emphasized, based on the tracing of two paraxial rays and the associated optical invariant. The radiometry of lens systems is seen to rest on the same concepts. Third order aberration theory is developed in detail. Complete examples of third order design are provided, together with software tools that allow the reader to follow the examples in detail, or to develop other examples independently. Throughout the book, the understanding of fundamental principles is given preference over the mere following of recipes. Several problems at the end of each chapter allow the student to practice and extend the concepts taught. In addition to Gaussian optics and aberrations, the basic principles of several types of optical instruments and components are treated, including gradient index and diffractive optics. A complete yet simple treatment of gaussian beams is included, that is also based on two paraxial rays and the optical invariant. The book concludes with an outline of the optical design process and solved design problems.
ßçûê:
Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /
Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö
ed2k: ed2k stats
Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1996
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 354
Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 01.06.2005
Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Abbe illumination 150
Abbe value 190 192
Aberration(s) 188—293
Aberration(s), and stop position 257—60 341—348
Aberration(s), angular 245
Aberration(s), balancing of 276
Aberration(s), calculation of primary 227—244
Aberration(s), central 246—255
Aberration(s), field 208
Aberration(s), longitudinal 218—220
Aberration(s), of plane parallel plate or prism 242—243
Aberration(s), of spherical mirror 243—244
Aberration(s), of thin lens 246—60
Aberration(s), point imaging 208
Aberration(s), polynomial 204—207
Aberration(s), pupil 282—283
Aberration(s), ray 199—203
Aberration(s), Seidel 227—244
Aberration(s), shape-dependent 250—253
Aberration(s), shape-independent 246—247
Aberration(s), third order 207—218
Aberration(s), tolerances 220—221
Aberration(s), total 272—276
Aberration(s), transverse ray 199—203 212—218
Aberration(s), types 207—212
Accommodation 152 155
Accommodation, resting state of 155
Achromatic doublet 194—195 272—275 327—331
Acuity, visual 155
Afocal system 77
Air, refractive index 6—7
Anamorphic factor 165
Anamorphic systems 165—168
Anastigmat (Cooke triplet) 260 267—268
Angle critical 10
Angle of incidence 8 318 320
Angle of reflection 8
Angle of refraction 8—9 318 320
Angular aberration 245
Angular magnification 138—139
Aperture 95. See also Lens size
Aperture stop 95
Aperture, numerical 97
Aperture, relative 99
Aplanatic condition 235
Aplanatic meniscus 235
Aplanatic surface 235
Apochromatic lens 196
Aspheric surfaces 148—150 287—289 318—319
Aspheric surfaces, conic sections 318—19
Aspheric surfaces, in illumination systems 148—150
Astigmatism 209 216 220.
Astigmatism, and field curvature 241—242
Astigmatism, spot diagram 217
Astigmatism, wavefront shape 210
Autocollimation 91
Back focal length 78—79
Beam expander, laser 141—142 247—248 309—311
Beam waist 301 303—314
Beam, Gaussian See Gaussian beams
Bending, effect on aberrations 248—253 341
Best focus 214—216 322
Binary optics 183—185
Binoculars 139 163
Bravais points 89
Camera 5 79 97 163 238
Camera, obscura 5
Camera, pinhole 5 101
Camera, SLR 163
Canonical coordinates 203 285
Cardinal points 84
Cartesian oval 150
Cassegrain mirror 79
Chief ray 106 285
Chromatic aberration, calculation of 191 236
Chromatic aberration, longitudinal 191 236.
Chromatic aberration, longitudinal, of a surface 236
Chromatic aberration, longitudinal, of a system 236
Chromatic aberration, longitudinal, of a thin lens 191 247
Chromatic aberration, longitudinal, tolerance 221
Chromatic aberration, transverse 191—204 236.
Chromatic aberration, transverse, calculation of 193 236
Chromatic aberration, transverse, of a surface 236
Chromatic aberration, transverse, of a system 236
Chromatic aberration, transverse, of a thin lens 193 247
Chromatic aberration, transverse, tolerance 221
Chromatic resolving power 175
Coma 209 230 252.
Coma, calculation of 230
Coma, spot diagram 215—16
Coma, wavefront shape 209
Condenser 128 145 148 255
Confocal parameter 302
Conicoid of revolution 287 318
Conjugate parameter 249
Constant deviation 20
Constringence 190
Contour projector 150
Conventions, sign 39
Cooke triplet 104 267—269
Cosine-fourth law 130—131
Critical angle 10 158
Crown glass 191 253—254
Curvature See also Astigmatism
Curvature of field 210 241—242
Curvature, Petzval 231
Cylindrical lenses 165—167
Defocus longitudinal 208 214 216 322
Defocus longitudinal, transverse 207 215 324
Depth of field 100
Depth of focus 100—104
Diaphragm See Stop
Diffraction 4
Diffraction efficiency 175 177 181 183
Diffraction grating 173—176
Diffraction, and Gaussian beams 300—303
Diffraction, Bragg 177
Diffraction, limited system 200
Diffraction, resolution limit due to 140
Diffractive optics 173—185
Dioptre 42 59
Direction cosine 169 222 318
Direction cosine, optical 294
dispersion 7 189
Dispersion, anomalous 188
Dispersion, partial 196
Dispersion, prism 189—190
Dispersive power 189
Displacement by a plate 21 159—160
Distortion 211. See also Aberrations
Distortion, barrel 211
Distortion, calculation of 230
Distortion, fractional 221 240
Distortion, pincushion 211 240
Doublet, achromatic 194
Doublet, aplanatic 253 273 327
Doublet, apochromatic 198
Doublet, corrected 253 273 327
Dove prism 161—162
Eccentricity parameter 257
Effective focal length See Equivalent focal length
Emittance, radiant or luminous 122
Empty magnification 144
Enlarger lens 147
Entrance pupil 95—97 106—107 284
Episcope 147
Equivalent focal length 27 47 75
Exit pupil 95—97 106—107 284
Exit pupil of Keplenan telescope 105 139
Exitance, radiant or luminous 122
eye 151—157
Eye relief 139
Eye, accommodation of 152 155
Eye, acuity of 155—156
Eye, anatomy of 151—152
Eye, contrast sensitivity of 156—157
Eye, emmetropic 34 155
Eye, geometrical parameters 152—153
Eye, model of 152—53
Eye, retinal illuminance 152—155
Eyepiece 139
Eyepiece, Huygens 195
Fermat's principle 10—13
Field curvature 210 221 239—240. Curvature
Field curvature, sagittal 241
Field curvature, tangential 241
Field flattener 234 269
Field lens 139 234
Field stop 97 105
Figuring 288
Finite ray 199 317
First order design See Gaussian predesign
Flint glass 191 198 253—254 273
Flux, luminous 119
Focal length of a general system 73—75
Focal length of a mirror 43
Focal length of a surface 42
Focal length of thick lens 82
Focal length of thin lens 46—47
Focal length, back 78 172
Focal length, effective See equivalent
Focal length, equivalent 27 47 75
Focal length, front 79
Focal length, measurement of 60 83—85 91—92
Focus, depth of 100—104
Focus, shift of 322
Fraunhofer doublet 254 273—275
Fresnel lens 147 182
Fresnel zones 180—183
Galilean telescope 138
Gauss doublet 254 273—276
Gaussian beams 300—315
Gaussian beams, divergence 302
Gaussian beams, equations of 301—302
Gaussian beams, ray tracing 311—314
Gaussian constants 295 298
Gaussian predesign 52 88 115—118 264—266
Geometrical optics, basic postulates 15
Geometrical wavefront 4 200
Glass chart 192
Gradient index optics 168—173
Gradient index optics, ray tracing equations 171
Gradient index optics, refractive index profile 169—171
Grating, blazed 175
Grating, diffraction 173—175
Grating, holographic 176
Grating, ruled 173—74
Grating, sinusoidal 156—157
GRIN lens or rod 168 172 315
GRIN lens or rod, pitch of 172
Head up display 178
Holographic optical elements 176—183
Huygens eyepiece 195
Huygens principle 7
Hyperfocal distance 101
Hyperopia (hypermetropia) 34
Illuminance 122
Illuminance, from a large source 131—132
Illuminance, of an image 126
Illuminance, typical levels of 124
Illumination 128 130
Illumination systems 144 148
Illumination, bright field 144
Illumination, critical 150
Illumination, dark field 144—146
Illumination, Kohler 145
Image space 27 75
Image, congruent 158
Image, enantiomorphic 158
Image, orientation of reflected 158—159
Image, real 29
Image, virtual 29
Index of refraction 6
Index of refraction, air 6—7
Index of refraction, glass 192
Index of refraction, hyperbolic profile 171
Index of refraction, parabolic profile 169—171
Information capacity 141
Instrument myopia 155
Intensity, radiant or luminous 122
Inverse square law 13
Irradiance 122
Irradiance from a large source 131
Irradiance of an image 126
K-prism 161
Kinoform 182
Lagrange invariant See Optical invariant
Lambertian source 122—125
Laser beam (Gaussian) See Gaussian beams
Laser beam (Gaussian), beam expander 141—142 309—311
Laser diode 167
Lateral chromatic aberration See Chromatic aberration transverse
Lateral color See Chromatic aberration transverse
Least time, principle of See Fermat's principle
Lens aperture 95
Lens, Fresnel 147 182
Lens, size of 108
Lens, thick 82 272
Lens, thin 27 44 246 306
Longitudinal aberration 218
Longitudinal chromatic aberration See Chromatic aberration longitudinal
Longitudinal color See Chromatic aberration longitudinal
Longitudinal magnification 57 77
Lumen 119 122
Luminance 122
Luminance of a distant source 132
Luminance of an serial image 127
Luminosity, visual 119
Magnification 50
Magnification parameter 248—249
Magnification, angular 138—139
Magnification, empty 144
Magnification, lateral See transverse
Magnification, longitudinal 57 77
Magnification, pupil 103
Magnification, transverse 50 57
Magnification, useful 144 185
Magnification, visual 55
Magnifier 54—56
Magnifying power (microscope) 142
Malus and Dupin, theorem of 13
Mangin mirror 48
Matrix optics 294—299
Matrix, ABCD 295
Matrix, conjugate 296
Matrix, system 295
Maxwellian view 153
Meniscus 30—31
Meniscus, aplanatic 234—235
Merit function 280
Microscope, compound 142—146
Microscope, confocal 145—146
Microscope, illumination systems 144—146
Microscope, magnification of 143
Microscope, objective 143—144
Microscope, simple 54—56 142
Minimum deviation 23
Mirror, aberrations of spherical 243
Mirror, curved 31—33
Mirror, focal length of 43
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