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Mouroulis P., MacDonald J. — Geometrical optics and optical design
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Название: Geometrical optics and optical designАвторы: Mouroulis P., MacDonald J. Аннотация: This book is an up to date, introductory treatment of geometrical optics, from the point of view of the future optics practitioner. The principles of gaussian optics and first-order layout and design are emphasized, based on the tracing of two paraxial rays and the associated optical invariant. The radiometry of lens systems is seen to rest on the same concepts. Third order aberration theory is developed in detail. Complete examples of third order design are provided, together with software tools that allow the reader to follow the examples in detail, or to develop other examples independently. Throughout the book, the understanding of fundamental principles is given preference over the mere following of recipes. Several problems at the end of each chapter allow the student to practice and extend the concepts taught. In addition to Gaussian optics and aberrations, the basic principles of several types of optical instruments and components are treated, including gradient index and diffractive optics. A complete yet simple treatment of gaussian beams is included, that is also based on two paraxial rays and the optical invariant. The book concludes with an outline of the optical design process and solved design problems.
Язык: Рубрика: Физика /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 1996Количество страниц: 354Добавлена в каталог: 01.06.2005Операции: Положить на полку |
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Mirror, parabolic 149 Mirror, plane 19 44 Mirror, power of 43 Modulation transfer function 156 Myopia 34 155 Myopia, dark field 155 Myopia, empty field 155 Myopia, instrument 155 Newton's conjugate equation 85 Nodal points 83 Nodal slide 84 Numerical aperture 97—100 Object space 27 75 Objective camera 104 238 Objective microscope 142—146 243 Objective oil-immersion 143 243 Objective telescope 138 operands 280 Optical design process 270 272 Optical design software 289 Optical direction cosine 294 Optical glass See Glass optical Optical invariant 68 108 126 141 173 231 245 302 312 Optical path length 11 Optimization 280 Overhead projector 147 Parabolic index profile 169 Parabolic mirror 148 Paraxial angle variable 62 111 Paraxial constants See Gaussian constants Paraxial focus 25 214—215 Paraxial height variable 62 111 Paraxial Marginal Ray (PMR) 95 105—118 228 230 Paraxial Pupil Ray (PPR) 105—118 228 230 Paraxial ray tracing 64 Paraxial region 25 40 Paraxial variables, reduced 294 Partial dispersion, relative 196 Pechan prism 161 Penta prism 160 Petzval curvature 231. See also Aberrations Petzval projection lens 135 261 Photometry 119 Photopic vision 119 120 152 Pinhole camera 5 101 Plane parallel plates or block 21 159 242 Plastic optical materials 191 Point imaging aberrations 208 Power of a mirror 43 Power of a surface 42 Power of a system of two components 80 Power of a thick lens 82 Power of a thin lens 45 47 Power, definition of, general system 73 Presbyopia 34 155 Primary aberrations See Aberrations Principal planes 70—88 172 308 Principal points 70 Principal ray 106 285 Prism diopter 35 Prism, aberrations of 242 Prism, Amici 160 Prism, corner cube 162 Prism, Dove 161 Prism, K 161 Prism, Pechan 161 Prism, Penta 160 Prism, Porro 163 Prism, reflecting 157 242 Prism, refracting 21—23 Prism, right angle 160 Prism, roof 160 Prism, roof penta 163 Prism, thin 21 Projection systems 147—151 Pupil, aberrations 115 282 Pupil, entrance 95—97 106—107 284 Pupil, exit 95—97 106—107 284 Pupil, exploration 284 Pupil, eye 152 Pupil, imagery 282 Pupil, magnification 103 Pupil, matching 104 Quadratic index profile 171 Quadratic surface 148—150 287 318 Radiance 122 Radiance of a distant source 132 Radiance of an serial image 127 Radiometry 119 Ray density 14 Ray tracing, finite 222 317 Ray tracing, Gaussian beam 300 311 Ray tracing, graphical 27 31 Ray tracing, paraxial 64 Ray tracing, spot diagrams 212—218 Ray, definition of 4 Ray, finite 199 317 Ray, intersection patterns 212—218 Ray, paraxial 39 Rayleigh quarter wave criterion 220 Rayleigh range 302 Rayleigh resolution limit 140 Rectilinear propagation 4—6 10 Reference sphere 200 Reflecting objective 79 90 Reflecting surfaces 19. See also Mirrors Reflection 6 Reflection, angle of 8 Reflection, total internal 10 157 Refraction 6 Refraction, angle of 9 Refraction, equation, finite ray tracing 318 320 Refraction, equation, for Gaussian beams 305 Refraction, equation, gradient index media 171 Refraction, equation, paraxial 41 65 Refraction, invariants 227 233 245 Refraction, Snell's law of 8 318 Refractive index See Index of refraction Relative aperture 99 Relative partial dispersion 196 Relay lens 138 Resolution limit 140 Resolving power, chromatic 175 Right angle prism 160 Roof prism 160 Sagittal astigmatic line 216 Sagittal coma 215 Sagittal field curvature 241 Sagittal plane 285 Schwarzschild objective 90 Scotopic vision 152 Secondary spectrum 195 Seidel aberrations See Aberrations Seidel Seidel sums or coefficients 227 230 Shape factor 248 Shape of lens 31 248 Sign convention 38 Sine condition 112 283 Skew rays 119 317 Slide projector 128 Snell's law 8 Snell's law, vector form 318 Spatial filter 141 Spatial frequency 156 Spherical aberration 208. See also Aberrations Spherical aberration of mirror 243 Spherical aberration of plane parallel plates 243 Spherical aberration of the pupil 282—83 Spherical aberration of thin lens 250 Spherical aberration, higher order 224 275 Spherical aberration, spot diagram 213 Spherical aberration, wavefront shape 208 Spherochromatism 276 Spot diagrams 212 Steradian 121 Stiles — Crawford effect 154 STOP See Aperture stop Field Stop shift 257 Stop shift formulae 259 Stop shift theorems 260 Tangent condition 114 Tangential astigmatic line 216 Tangential coma 215 Tangential plane 285 Telecentnc lens 150 Telephoto lens 79 90 Telescope 137 Telescope, astronomical 140 Telescope, Galilean 138 Telescope, inverting 138 Telescope, Keplenan 138 Telescope, magnification of 138—39 Telescope, visual 137 Telescopic system 77 Thick lens 82 Thickening 272 Thin lens 27 44 Thin lens, aberrations of 246 Third order aberrations See Aberrations primary Three-lens system 265 Threshold modulation 156 throw 49 Tolerances, aberration 220 Total internal reflection 10 157 Transfer equation for Gaussian beams 305 Transfer equation for gradient index optics 171 Transfer equation in finite ray tracing 319 Transfer equation, paraxial 65 Transverse color See Chromatic aberration transverse Transverse focal shift 324 Transverse ray aberration See Aberrations transverse Tunnel diagram 159 Two-lens system 88 Two-lens system, with fixed pupil position 117 Two-lens system, with fixed SK 264 V-value 190 Vignetting 104 284 Virtual image 29 Virtual object 29 Visual See Eye Visual magnification 55 Waist, beam 301 Waist, beam, magnification 305 307 Wave aberration polynomial 204 Wavefront 3 4 Wavefront aberration 199 204. Wavelength 3 Y-ybar diagram 118 Zermke polynomials 212
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