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| Rabiner L.R., Schafer R.W. — Digital Processing of Speech Signals |
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| Предметный указатель |
Selective linear prediction 438
Semivowels 48—49
Short-time autocorrelation function 141—149
Short-time autocorrelation function, definition of 142
Short-time autocorrelation function, effects of window 144—146
Short-time autocorrelation function, modified, definition of 146
Short-time autocorrelation function, relation to short-time Fourier transform 233 348
Short-time average magnitude 123
Short-time average magnitude difference function 149—150
Short-time average zero-crossing rate 127—130
Short-time energy 119—121
Short-time energy, use in speaker verification 478—479
Short-time energy, use in speech recognition 491—498
Short-Time Fourier Transform See "Time-dependent Fourier transform"
SIFT method of pitch detection 447—449
Signal-to-quantization noise ratio See "SNR"
Silence discrimination 130—135
Slope overload noise 218
SNR, definition 184
SNR, u-law quantizer 189
SNR, uniform quantizer 183
Solution of LPC equations 407—417
Solution of LPC equations, Cholesky decomposition 407—411
Solution of LPC equations, Durbin's method 411—413
Solution of LPC equations, lattice solution 413—417
Sound spectrograph 310
Speaker identification 7 485—489
Speaker recognition systems 476—489
Speaker verification 7 478—485
Spectrogram 41
Spectrographic displays 310—314
Spectrum analysis methods, comparison of 436—438
Spectrum flattening 151 447—449 457—458
Speech recognition systems 7 489—503
Speech synthesis by concatenation 470—473
Speech synthesis by rule 464—465
Speech synthesis from Formant parameters 379—385
Speech synthesis from LPC parameters 444—447
Speech vs. silence discrimination 130—135
Speech vs. silence discrimination, algorithm for 132—135
Speech vs. silence discrimination, examples of 130—132 134
Stability requirement in LPC 416 418—419
Stable systems 19 20
Statistical model for speech 174—179
Statistical model for speech, correlation function 175
Statistical model for speech, power spectrum 177—178
Statistical model for speech, probability density 176
Stops, unvoiced 53
Stops, voiced 52
Subjective performance of digital coders 234—235
Syllabic variations 198
Synthesis see "Speech synthesis"
Synthesis from short-time Fourier transforms, filter bank summation method 266—274
Synthesis from short-time Fourier transforms, overlap add method 274—277
System function 18
Temporal resolution dependence on window length 260
Terminal analog model 98
Time varying modifications of the short-time spectrum 278—280
| Time warping 480—484
Time-dependent Fourier transform, definition of 251
Time-dependent Fourier transform, existence of 252
Time-dependent Fourier transform, Fourier transform interpretation 252—260
Time-dependent Fourier transform, linear filtering interpretation 261—263
Time-dependent Fourier transform, periodicity in frequency 252—253
Time-dependent Fourier transform, properties of 347
Time-dependent Fourier transform, recursive implementation 348
Time-dependent Fourier transform, relation to short-time autocorrelation 253 348
Time-dependent Fourier transform, sampling rate for 263—266
Transmission line analogy 63
Two's-complement code words 182
two's-complement representation 182
Uniform lossless tube, analogy to electric transmission line 63
Uniform lossless tube, characteristic impedance of 64
Uniform lossless tube, formant frequencies of 65—66
Uniform lossless tube, solution for 62—66
Uniform probability density 241
Unit sample (impulse) sequence 11
Unit sample response 13
Unit step sequence 11
Unvoiced sounds 40
Variance estimate 243—244
Vocal Chord vibration 79
Vocal tract 39
Vocoders see also "Analysis-synthesis systems"
Vocoders, channel 341—344
Vocoders, formant 382—385
Vocoders, homomorphic 385—390
Vocoders, linear predictive (LDC) 450—453
Vocoders, phase 334—340
Vocoders, voice excited 452—453
Voice bar 52
Voice response systems 464—476
Voice response systems, applications of 473—476
Voice response systems, design considerations 466—470
Voice response systems, multiple output 469—470
Voiced sounds 40
Voiced sounds, model for excitation 80—81
Vowel triangle 45 46
Vowels 43—47
Wave propagation in the vocal tract 56—62
Window design method applied to filter banks 295—302
Window length, effect in LPC 420 426—431
Window length, effect on cepstrum 377
Window length, effect on frequency resolution 260
Window length, effect on temporal resolution 260
Window position, effect in LPC 429—431
Window position, effect on cepstrum 394
Windows in LPC 420 426—431
Windows in short-time Fourier analysis 251 254—260
Windows, classes of 262—263
Windows, Hamming 121
Windows, rectangular 121
z-transform 13—15
Z-transform, region of convergence of 14
Zero-crossing measurements, comparison of voiced and unvoiced 128
Zero-crossing measurements, practical considerations in 129
Zero-crossing measurements, use in speech recognition 491—498
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