This book surveys the major topics that are essential to high-performance simulation on parallel computers or computational clusters. These topics, including programming models, load balancing, mesh generation, efficient numerical solvers, and scientific software, are vital ingredients in the research fields of computer science, numerical analysis, and scientific computing. In addition to presenting the technological basis, this volume addresses selected applications that combine different techniques in order to meet demanding computational challenges. Through contributions from a wide range of internationally acknowledged experts, this book gives a to-the-point and self-containing overview of efficient ways to deal with large-scale simulation problems.