This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology, BioADIT 2004, held in Lausanne, Switzerland in January 2004. The 36 full papers presented together with an introductory overview have gone through two rounds of reviewing and revision; they were selected and are arranged in a way ensuring systematic coverage of important bio-inspired approaches in computing. The papers are organized in sections on biosystems for IT evolution, bio-inspired software systems, hardware systems, robotics, bio-inspired distributed and parallel processing, bio-inspired networking, image processing, and other topics.