Lilley J.S. — Nuclear physics: principles and applications :: Электронная библиотека попечительского совета мехмата МГУ

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Lilley J.S. — Nuclear physics: principles and applications

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Название: Nuclear physics: principles and applications

Автор: Lilley J.S.

Аннотация:

This title provides the latest information on nuclear physics. Based on a course entitled Applications of Nuclear Physics. Written from an experimental point of view this text is broadly divided into two parts, firstly a general introduction to Nuclear Physics and secondly its applications. * Includes chapters on practical examples and problems * Contains hints to solving problems which are included in the appendix * Avoids complex and extensive mathematical treatments * A modern approach to nuclear physics, covering the basic theory, but emphasising the many and important applications

Язык:

Рубрика: Физика/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

ed2k: ed2k stats

Год издания: 2001

Количество страниц: 397

Добавлена в каталог: 21.11.2014

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Предметный указатель

Gamma emission, multipolarity dependence      67 69
Gamma emission, multipole moment      68
Gamma emission, multipole radiation      66
Gamma emission, reduced transition probability      68
Gamma emission, selection rules      67
Gamma emission, selection rules, angular momentum      67
Gamma emission, selection rules, parity      67
Gamma emission, transition rate      67—72
Gamma emission, Weisskopf single-particle estimates      68
Gamma radiography      211
Gamma rays      4
Gamma rays for diagnostic medicine      235—238
Gamma rays for radiotherapy      238 253—256
Gamma rays, attenuation in matter      141—142
Gamow factor      86
Gauging, use of radiation for      207—208
Gaussian distribution      227
Geiger — Mueller counter, quenching action      155
Geiger — Nuttall rule      84
GeigerMueller counter      155—156
Germanium detector      see "Semiconductor detector"
Gray (unit)      185
Half-life      14 18
Half-life, biological      199
Half-life, comparative, for decay branch      79
Heavy-ion reactions      see "Reactions"
Helium abundance in universe      315
Helium burning in stars      318—319
Hydrogen burning in stars      315—317
Imaging      234—253
Imaging, computed tomography (CT)      238—242
Imaging, computed tomography, back-projected function      239
Imaging, computed tomography, CT scan      241—242
Imaging, computed tomography, image reconstruction      241
Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging      245—253
Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, energy-level splitting      246
Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, excitation of region      248
Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, functional MRI      251—253
Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, resonance condition      248
Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, signal readout      248—249
Imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, spin echo      250
Imaging, positron emission tomography      242—245
Imaging, positron emission tomography, radionuclides      244
Imaging, projection imaging      234—238
Imaging, projection imaging with external radiation      234—235
Imaging, projection imaging with internal radiation      235—238
Imaging, SPECT      242
Impact parameter      98 131 341
Independence hypothesis, in compound-nucleus reaction      30
Independent particle motion      see "Shell model"
Inelastic scattering      see "Reactions"
Interaction radius      27 97
Internal conversion      17 66 73—74
Internal conversion coefficient      73
Internal pair formation      17 66
inversion      50 338
Iodine-123      200 238
Iodine-131      200 201 238 256
ion implantation      208
Ionization      130
Ionization chamber      152—153
Ionization chamber, gridded      153
Ionization density      133
Ionization energy      130
Isobar      7
Isomer      18 71
Isotone      7
Isotope      5 7
Isotope, production      25—26
Joint European Torus (JET)      309—310
Klein — Nishina cross section      140
Larmor frequency      246
Lepton      16 74
Lifetime      18
Linear accelerator      see "Accelerator"
Linear attenuation coefficient      141
Linear energy transfer (LET)      186
Liquid-drop model      35 38
Logarithmic energy decrement ( $\xi$ )      146 273
Lorentzian shape      31 114
Macroscopic cross section      see "Cross section"
Magic number      46 47—48
magnetic moment      6
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)      see "Imaging"
Magnetic spectrometer      169
Magnetic spectrometer, focussing      169—170
Magnetic spectrometer, wedge-type      169—170
magnetization      245 246
Magnetization, precession in a magnetic field      246
Mass excess      8 343
Mass number      6
Mass yield in fission      264—265
Mass-attenuation coefficient      138 142
Material modification with radiation      208—209
Matrix element for beta decay      75
Matrix element for gamma decay      68
Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution      302
Mean free path      143
Mean free path, absorption      144
Mean free path, scattering      144
Mean life      18
Metastable state      18 20 71 238
Minimum detectable activity      229
Mirror nuclei      53
Mitosis in cells      190 193
Moderation      see "Neutron"
Moderator      see "Fission reactor"
Moment of inertia, of nuclei      59 61 63
Monopole vibration      56
Multiplication in gas detectors      154
Multipole moment      68
Multipole operator      68
Multipole radiation      66
N-Z nuclide distribution      13
Neutrino      16
Neutrino in beta decay      16 74 75—76
Neutrino in big bang      314
Neutron      5 6
Neutron in radiotherapy      256—257
Neutron, $\beta$ decay of      16 74 314
Neutron, activation analysis      see "Activation analysis"
Neutron, attenuation      143—144
Neutron, capture      267—268
Neutron, capture, $1/\upsilon$ law      30 104 166 267
Neutron, detector      166—168
Neutron, detector for fast neutrons      167—168
Neutron, detector for slow neutrons      166—167
Neutron, detector, $BF_{3}$       166
Neutron, detector, $^{3}He$       166
Neutron, diffusion      276—277
Neutron, diffusion length      278—279
Neutron, diffusion, coefficient      276
Neutron, diffusion, continuity equation      277—278
Neutron, moderation      144—148
Neutron, moderation, slowing-down constant      281
Neutron, moderation, slowing-down power      274
Neutron, multiplication factor (k)      269
Neutron, Reactions      see "Reactions"
Neutron, scattering      see "Scattering"
Nuclear density      28 105 108
Nuclear force      5 9 36—38
Nuclear force, saturation of      36
Nuclear potential      see "Potential well"
Nuclear radius      28 47
Nuclear reactions      see "Reactions"
Nuclear stability      13—14 41—44
Nucleon      5
Nucleon-nucleon force      36
Nucleon-nucleon force, charge independence      37
Nucleon-nucleon force, charge symmetry      37

Nucleon-nucleon force, repulsive core      36
Nucleon-nucleon force, short range      36
Nucleon-nucleon force, spin dependence      37
Nucleosynthesis, in big bang      314—315
Nucleosynthesis, in stars      315—323
Nucleosynthesis, in stars, carbon burning      319
Nucleosynthesis, in stars, CNO cycle      316—317
Nucleosynthesis, in stars, heavy elements      320—323
Nucleosynthesis, in stars, helium burning      318—319
Nucleosynthesis, in stars, oxygen burning      319
Nucleosynthesis, in stars, proton-proton chain      315—316
Nucleosynthesis, in stars, silicon burning      319
Nuclide      7
Octupole vibration      57
Optical model      106—108
Oxygen effect      184 194
Oxygen enhancement ratio      194
P process      322
Pair production      140—141
Pair production, attenuation coefficient      137—138
Pairing energy      40
Pairing energy in beta decay      41—42
Pairing energy, effect on fission      117
Parity      50—51 338
Parity selection rules in alpha decay      88
Parity selection rules in beta decay      80—82
Parity selection rules in gamma decay      66—67
Partial wave      100
Partial wave, angular-momentum zone      100
Partial width      113
Particle identification      168—170
Particle identification, $E-\Delta E$ telescope      168
Particle identification, magnetic analysis      169—170
Particle identification, time of flight      168—169
Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE)      219—222
Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), energy dependence      220
Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), microprobe      222
Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), production cross section      220
Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), sensitivity      221
Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), Z-dependence      220
Pauli exclusion principle      6 12 37
Peak-to-total ratio, in $\gamma$ -ray detection      165
Phase focussing      174
Phase-space factor (density of suites)      75 333
Phonon      56
Phonon, two-phonon states      57
photoelectric effect      138—139
Photoelectric effect, attenuation coefficient      137—138
Photoelectron      138 156
Photomultiplier      156
Photomultiplier, dynode      156
Photomultiplier, photocathode      156
Photomultiplier, secondary-electron emission      156
Pickup reaction      see "Reactions"
Planetary model, of atom      4
Poisson statistics      190
Poisson statistics in counting      226 227
Poisson statistics in damage to molecules      190 191
Positron      15
Positron annihilation      141 243
Positron emission tomography (PET)      see "Imaging"
Potential well      9 46—47 106 see
Projection imaging      see "Imaging"
Prompt neutrons      see "Fission"
Proportional counter      153—154
Proportional counter for neutron detection      166
Proportional counter, electric field in      154
Proportional counter, multiplication factor      154
Proportional counter, Townsend avalanche      154
Proton      5 6
Proton, magnetic moment      6 245 246
Proton-electron model, of nucleus      5
Proton-proton chain, in hydrogen burning      315—316
Q value      15 23
Quadrupole vibration      57
Quark      6 313
R process      320
Rad (unit)      185
Radiation      4
Radiation therapy      253—259
Radiation therapy with electrons      254
Radiation therapy with heavy charged particles      257—259
Radiation therapy with neutrons      256—257
Radiation therapy with photons      253—256
Radiation therapy with radionuclides      256
Radiation therapy, using active-spot scanning      258
Radiation therapy, using immunobiology      256
Radiation weighting factor $(w_{R})$       186
Radiation, damage to tissue/cells      189—195
Radiation, damage to tissue/cells, direct      182—183
Radiation, damage to tissue/cells, effect of cell cycle      193
Radiation, damage to tissue/cells, indirect      183—184
Radiation, damage to tissue/cells, oxygen effect      184 194
Radiation, damage to tissue/cells, oxygen enhancement ratio      194
Radiation, dose      185—189
Radiation, dose from external source      198—199
Radiation, dose from internal source      199—200
Radiation, dose limits      201—202
Radiation, effect on water      183—184
Radiation, effect on water, free radicals      183
Radiation, effects on cells      190—195
Radiation, effects on cells, DNA repair      190
Radiation, effects on cells, fractionation      185 192 254—255
Radiation, effects on complex molecules      189—190
Radiation, measurement of dose      198—200
Radiation, natural and artificial sources      196
Radiation, risk factors      201
Radiation, risk of damage      200—202
Radiation, treatment of flue emissions      211
Radiation, treatment of sludge      211
Radioactive dating      22 223 225
Radioactive decay      14—22
Radioactive decay law      18
Radioactive waste      292
Radioactive waste, transmutation      292 294
Radioactivity      4 14
Radioactivity, artificial      14 195 197
Radioactivity, natural      14 21 195—197
Radioactivity, use in compact power supply      211
Radionuclide      14
Radionuclide in diagnostic medicine      235—238
Radionuclide in PET      244
Radionuclide in radiotherapy      256
RADIUS      28
Radius of nuclear potential      47
Radon      22 196—197
RANGE      130 132—134
Range, extrapolated (for electrons)      136
Range, half thickness (for $\gamma$ -ray attenuation)      142
Range-energy relation      132
Reaction rate      24—25
Reactions      27—32 94—124
Reactions, $^{10}B(n,\alpha)^{7}Li$       166
Reactions, $^{16}O+^{27}Al$       121
Reactions, $^{208}Pb(^{12}C,^{13}C)^{207}Pb$       120
Reactions, $^{208}Pb(^{3}He,d)^{209}Bi$       111
Reactions, $^{209}Bi(d,d^{'})^{209}Bi$       111
Reactions, $^{209}Bi(\alpha,xn)^{213-x}At$       114
Reactions, $^{3}He(n,p)t$       166
Reactions, $^{6}Li(n,\alpha)t$       30
Reactions, binary      23
Reactions, capture      30
Reactions, compound nucleus      29—30 113—117
Reactions, compound nucleus, angular dependence, of emitted particles      96
Reactions, compound nucleus, evaporation, of particles      29 95 113
Reactions, compound nucleus, independence hypothesis      30
Reactions, compound nucleus, lifetime      29 113 116
Reactions, compound nucleus, spin factor      115
Reactions, cross section      24—25 97—104
Reactions, cross section, classical estimates      97—99

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