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| Cushman-Roisin B. — Introduction to geophysical fluid dynamics |
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| Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |
Indirect cell 272 275—77
Inertia-gravity waves 82—83 142 197 214 287 302
Inertial framework 16 21
Inertial oscillation 22 28 30 83 93 142 256
Inertial period 22 28 81
Instability 100 147 148 153—154 228—229 236—237 250 267
Interference 299
Interior 63 116
Interior geostrophic 111 113 118
Internal energy 35 125—126
Internal radius of deformation see "Radius of deformation"
Internal waves cause 5 143
Internal waves in geostrophic adjustment 188
Internal waves relation to dead waters 5
Internal waves scales 11
Internal waves theory 136—150
Intertropical convergence zone 291
inversion 134 163
Isobars 50 51 54
Isobaths 53 54
Jacobian operator 208
Japan 29 203 247
Jet stream 99 106 223 229 238 241 245
Jets 200—201 241—250
Jupiter 2 6—7 29 37 99 261
Jupiter radius 6 13
Jupiter rotation rate 13 29
Jupiter winds 223 262
Kelvin wave coastal internal 81 179 200
Kelvin wave coastal surface 79—82 83 90 95
Kelvin wave equatorial 287 289—290 291
Kelvin — Helmholtz instability 153 154 155 235
Kelvin's theorem 57
Kelvin, Lord 79 95
Kibel', I.A. 47
Kinetic energy in baroclinic instability 225—226
Kinetic energy in barotropic instability 97 250
Kinetic energy in convection 165—166
Kinetic energy in geostrophic adjustment 187—88
Kinetic energy in geostrophic turbulence 259—261
Kinetic energy in quasi-geostrophic dynamics 212
Kinetic energy in stratification 9 152
Kuroshio 118 203 234 277
Kuroshio bimodality 247—248
Laboratory experiments 12
Laboratory experiments dead waters 5—6
Laboratory experiments illustration of vertical rigidity 4
Lagrangian derivative see "Advection"
Land breeze 13
Latent heat 270
Latitude 27 34
Layered models 174—179
Lee waves see "Mountain waves"
Length scale see also "Radius of deformation"
Length scale, definition 5—6
Length scale, fundamental scale 10 133
Length scale, using in scaling 8—9 40—43 44—45 129—133 251—252
Length scale, values 41
Lens 257
Level model 174
Linearization 77—79 98 139 147 156 195 214
Longwave radiation 268—271 278—280
Los Angeles 163
Malkus W.V.R. 108 192
Manabe, S. 277 280 281 283
Marginal ice zone 194
Margules relation 182—183 190 257
Margules, M. 183 212
Mass conservation 35 37 see
Material derivative see "Advection"
Meandering 118 222—223 243—250
Mediterranean Sea inertial oscillations 30
Mediterranean Sea inflow-outflow 190
Mediterranean Sea internal waves 138
Mesoscaie 186
Mid-Atlantic Ridge 237
Mixed layer 160—162
Mixing cause 5
Mixing depth 154 160
Mixing horizontal 119
Mixing length 39 73
Mixing vertical 151—154
Modem 222 264
Modified radius of deformation 196
Moisture 11 12 126 137
Momentum equations formulation 33—34 38—39 42—43
Momentum equations in density coordinates 171
Momentum equations in quasi-geostrophic dynamics 207—208
Momentum equations neglect of advection 49—50 112
Momentum equations scaling 42—43 44—45
Monin — Obukhov length 160 162 165
Montgomery potential 171—172 174—178 251 253
Montgomery, R.B. 171 172 180
Mountain waves see also "Topographic waves"
Mountain waves, scales 11
Mountain waves, theory 143—146
Multiple equilibria 247
Munk, W.H. 147 150
Nansen, F. 5 68 76
Newton's law 19 21 33 124
Nondispersive wave 83 299
Nonhydrostatic flow 139 140
North Sea 81
Northeasterlies 110 291
Norway 76 81 121 148
Numerical models 12 122 280—281
Oceanic circulation at midlatitudes 109—119 183 277
Oceanic circulation scales 11 252
Oceanic currents causes 11 109—110
Oceanic currents scales 10—11
Oceanic gyres see "Oceanic circulation"
Orbital velocity 251 252
Orbital vorticity 244 249
Outcrop 185 198
Pacific Ocean circulation 110 118 119
Pacific Ocean Ekman pumping 74
Pacific Ocean El Nino 2 290—291
Pacific Ocean thermocline 286
Pacific Ocean upwelling 201
Pedlosky, J. 84 102 120 206 229 234 237 239
Pendulum 23—26 31
Penetrative convection 165
Period inertia 22
Period of a wave 297
Peru 290—291
Phase 294
Phase lines 295 298
Phase speed 80 86 90 141 217 297—298
Phytoplankton 194
Planetary effect 84 91
Planetary number 84 88
Planetary vorticity 210 245 see
Planetary waves analogy with baroclinic waves 227
Planetary waves analogy with topographic waves 91—93 258
Planetary waves in homogeneous fluids 83—87
Planetary waves in stratified fluids 214—219
Planetary waves in the tropics 287—290
Planetary waves radiated by vortices 257—258
Poincare waves see "Inertia-gravity waves"
Polar coordinates 24 221 251
Polar easterlies 277
Potential density 126 128—129
potential energy see also "Available potential energy"
Potential energy in baroclinic instability 225—226 250
Potential energy in convection 165—166
Potential energy in geostrophic adjustment 187—188
Potential energy in geostrophic turbulence 259—261
Potential energy in mixing 152 161
Potential energy in oceanic circulation 118
Potential energy in quasi-geostrophic dynamics 212—214 222 223
| Potential energy modification by motions 9
Potential energy, minimum of 9
Potential temperature 128
Potential vorticity in baroclinic instability 228
Potential vorticity in geostrophic adjustment 185 197 202
Potential vorticity in homogeneous fluids 57—58 247—250
Potential vorticity in ocean circulation 113
Potential vorticity in quasi-geostrophic dynamics 209 210 228
Potential vorticity in stratified fluids 172—174
Potential vorticity in vortices 256 257
Potential vorticity in waves 91—93 96
Prandtl, L. 63
Precipitation 12 270
Pressure anomaly in vortices 253
Pressure distribution in a baroclinic wave 233
Pressure equation for large-scale circulation 114
Pressure force 34 46 251—253
Pressure measurements 12
Pressure relation to Montgomery potential 171
Progressive-vector diagram 28 30
Quasi-geostrophic dynamics 204—223 228
Quasi-geostrophic equation 209 229—230 235
Radiation measurements 12 268
Radiation solar 11 268
Radiation terrestrial 268—271 272
Radius of deformation equatorial 285
Radius of deformation external 81 83 85 89 178 217 223
Radius of deformation internal 133 178 185—186 210 218 222 228 231—232 242 251 257
Radius of deformation modified 196
Rapidly rotating fluids 49—52 58
Rayleigh equation 99 156
Rayleigh number 163
Rayleigh, Lord 95 163
Reciprocal Coriolis parameter definition 28
Reciprocal Coriolis parameter in momentum equations 33—34
Reciprocal Coriolis parameter neglect 42
Reduced gravity 175 178 242 251 255 260 286
Reduced-gravity model 177 179 195 285
Relative acceleration 18
Relative velocity 17—18
Relative vorticity 56 210 226—228 243
Reynolds number 45 72
Rhines, P.B. 220 245 261
Richardson number 157—158 162 166
Richardson, L.R. 135 158 168 224
Rigid-lid approximation 176 223
Rigidity, vertical 4—5 50 53 123
Rings 252
Robinson, A.R. 172 229 247 248 259 265
Rocky Mountains 237
Rossby number 44—45 47 49 58 66 77—78 111 118 131—133 204—205 211 243 250 251 see
Rossby radius of deformation see "Radius of deformation"
Rossby waves see also "Planetary waves"
Rossby waves at midlatitudes 83—87 214—219
Rossby waves, equatorial 287—289
Rossby. C.G. 47 85 173 180 186
Rotating frame of reference 17—19 33
Rotating plane 21—23
Rotating sphere 27—28
Rotating table for interpretation of Coriolis effect 23
Rotating table lab demonstration 31 32
Rotating tank curved surface 20—21
Rotating tank, experiments with 14 58 60 75 119—120 237—238
Rotating tank, potential vorticity 58
Rotating tank, vertical rigidity 4
Rotation effects 4—5
Rotation effects in stratified fluids 132—131 186
Rotation effects, importance 8—9 44 63 118
Rotation rate 8
Rotation rate Earth 8 10
Rotation rate Jupiter 13
Rotation vector 19 27
Sailing 5—6 137
Saline contraction 36
Salinity 36 37
Salt diffusion 36 39
Salt fingers 39 264
Satellite imagery 12
Scales of western boundary current 116
Scales, definition 5—8 40
Scales, density variations 7 10
Scales, dynamic pressure 45
Scales, height 7—8 10
Scales, length 5—6 10 133
Scales, relevance to geophysical fluid dynamics 1 224
Scales, time 8 40
Scales, values 41
Scales, velocity 8—9 10
Scripps Institution of Oceanography 121 122 150 203
Sea breeze 10 11 13
Seawater 12 36 39
Semicircle theorem 102 159
Shallow-water approximation 41—42 43 70
Shallow-water model 56 78 179 223
Shear horizontal 200 243
Shear instability 148 200
Shear vertical 148 182—183
Shear vorticity 244 246
Shelf-break front 242
Ship drag see "Dead waters"
Shortwave radiation 268—271
Sloping bottom 52—53 70—72
Smog 163
Solar radiation see "Radiation"
Solitary waves 148
Sound waves in the ocean 150
Sound waves, elimination of 37
Southeasterlies 110 291
Southern oscillation 291—292 293
Specific volume 35
Spectrum in geostrophic turbulence 220
Spectrum of internal waves 147 150
Spherical coordinates/geometry 19—20 27—28 34 84
Spiral, velocity, in Ekman layer 66 69 72
Squeezing see "Vertical stretching/squeezing"
Static stability 124—125 128—229
Stationary meanders 223 246 247—248
Stefan — Boltzmann law 268
Stern, M.E. 235 237 264
Stommel, H.M. 4 19 20 137 118 119 122 186
Storms 183
Stratification definition 5 206
Stratification effect on Ekman layer 73
Stratification effect on oceanic circulation 118
Stratification effect on vertical motions 130
Stratification frequency analogy with rotation rate 131
Stratification frequency definition 125 128 129 139
Stratification frequency in internal waves 140
Stratification frequency in layered models 178
Stratification importance 4 5 9—10 123—124 210
Stratification scales 7—8
Streamfunction 98 209
Streamlines 50—51
Stress 34 38 68 161 see
Stretching see "Vertical stretching/squeezing"
Subinertial waves 86 89
Sun 2 268
Superinertial waves 83
Surface displacement 78 215 see
Sverdrup flow (or transport) 114—115 117
Sverdrup unit 74 121
Sverdrup, H.U. 114 121 122 150
Sweden 47 76
Synoptic scale 186
Tahiti 292
Taylor column 53 58—59 60 131 132 142
Taylor curtains 4 14
Taylor — Goldslein equation 156
Taylor — Proudman theorem 50 58
Taylor, G.L. 4 61
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