The International Olympiad has been held annually since 1959; the U.S. began participating in 1974, when the Sixteenth International Olympiad was held in Erfurt, G.D.R. In 1974 and 1975, the National Science Foundation funded a three week summer training session with Samuel L. Greitzer of Rutgers University and Murray Klamkin of the University of Alberta as the U.S. teams' coaches. Summer training sessions in 1976, 1977 were funded by grants from the Army Research Office and Office of Naval Research. To date the U.S. teams have consistently placed among the top three national scores: second in 1974(the USSR was first), third in 1975 (behind Hungary and the G.D.R) and 1976 (behind the USSR and Great Britain) and first in 1977.