Liquid crystalline polymers, mesogenic group 110
Liquid crystalline polymers, microscopy 253 254
Liquid crystalline polymers, morphology of injection-moulded specimen 211
Liquid crystalline polymers, phase diagrams 119 126
Liquid crystalline polymers, physical structure 111—17
Liquid crystalline polymers, rheology 121—3
Liquid crystalline polymers, side-chain 110 111
Liquid crystalline polymers, spacer group 110
Liquid crystalline polymers, theory 123—6
Liquid crystalline polymers, thermal behaviour 117
Long-chain branch 6
Longitudinal acoustic mode 266
Lower critical solution temperature 63 64 72
Lyotropic liquid 109
Macromolecular concept, history 16
Maier — Saupe theory 126
Maxwell model, dynamic mechanical behaviour 92
Maxwell model, static mechanical behaviour 91
Meander model 96
Mechanical  process 163
Melt-spinning 211
Meso dyad 3
Mesomorphic material 109
Mesophase, enantiotropic 117
Mesophase, monotropic 117
Mesophase, virtual 117
Michel — Levy chart 204 244
Microscopy, different techniques 240
Miller's index 134 135
Mixtures of branched and linear PE 191—3
Molar mass distribution functions 12
Molar mass segregation 149
Molar mass, colligative properties 10 11
Molar mass, end-group analysis 10
Molar mass, mass average 9
Molar mass, methods for assessment 10 11
Molar mass, number average 9
Molar mass, polydispersity index 10
Molar mass, viscosity average 9
Molar mass, Z average 9
Molecular architecture 6
Molecular fractionation, general 189—93
Molecular fractionation, methods for assessment 193—4
Molecular fractionation, theory 190
Monomer, definition 1
Mooney—Rivlin theory 51
Natural rubber, energetic stress ratio 44
Natural rubber, history 15 16
Natural rubber, structure 39
Natural rubber, tacticity 3
Necking, cold-drawing 210
Nematic phase 112—13
Network polymer 6
Newtonian liquid 101
NMR spectroscopy see Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Non-periodic layer crystallite 121
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, applications 268 9
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical shift 267
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical structure 268
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, coupling effect 267
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, crystallinity 268
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fundamentals 266—7
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, instrumentation 267 8
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear overhauser effect (NOE) 268
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, polymer blends 71 72
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, segmental mobility 268
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermal transitions 269
Nucleation, crystal, fundamentals 169 170
Nucleation, crystal, heterogeneous 170
Nucleation, crystal, homogeneous 170
Nucleation, crystal, molecular 190
Nucleation, crystal, primary 170
Nucleation, crystal, secondary 170
Nucleation, crystal, tertiary 170
OIT see Oxidation induction time
Oligomer 1
Optical microscopy, bright-field microscopy 241
Optical microscopy, condenser 242
Optical microscopy, conjugate planes 242 243
Optical microscopy, dark-field microscopy 241
Optical microscopy, differential interference-contrast microscopy 244
Optical microscopy, fundamentals 241—3
Optical microscopy, history 239
Optical microscopy, numerical aperture 241 242
Optical microscopy, objective 242
Optical microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy 244
Optical microscopy, polarized light microscopy 243 4
Optical microscopy, polymer blends 71 72
Optical microscopy, resolution 241
Order parameter, definition 112
Order parameter, domain, temperature dependence 113 (see also Hermans orientation function)
Orientation-induced crystallization 194 5
Osmium tetroxide staining 247 8 249
Osmosis 62—3
Osmotic pressure, concentration dependence 65 6
Osmotic pressure, second virial coefficient 64
Ostwald-de Waele equation 102
Oxidation induction time, general 232 233
Oxidation induction time, temperature dependence 233
PA  see Polyamide
PA 6 see Polyamide 6
PA 6, 10 see Polyamide 6 10 repeating
Paracrystalline model 147
PBTP see Polybutylene terephthalate
Pe see Polyethylene
Pentad 3
PEO see Polyethyleneoxide
Permanganic acid etching 250 251
PETP see Polylethylene terephthalate
Phantom chain see Unperturbed chain
Phenol-formaldehyde resin 16
Physical ageing 82—5
Plasticizer 82
PMMA see Polymethylmethacrylate
Point groups 132
Poiytetrafluoroethylene, crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Poiytetrafluoroethylene, equilibrium melting data 173
Poiytetrafluoroethylene, repeating unit 8
Polarization, atomic 224
Polarization, dipolar 224
Polarization, electronic 224
Polarized light microscopy, fundamentals 243 4
Polarized light microscopy, molecular fractionation, polyethylene 194
Polarized light microscopy, supermolecular structure 155 156
Poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) crystal lamella, repeating unit 7
Poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Poly(-alkylacrylate) 8
Poly(-alkylmethacrylate) 8
Poly(1,4-butadiene), crystallization via metastable phase 188
Poly(1,4-butadiene), repeating unit 7
Poly(1-butene), crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Poly(butylene terephthalate) 8
Poly(dimethyl siloxane) 44
Poly(etherether ketone), etching techniques for electron microscopy 251
Poly(ethylene terephthalate), crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Poly(ethylene terephthalate), etching techniques for electron microscopy 251
Poly(ethylene terephthalate), maximum modulus 212
Poly(ethylene terephthalate), repeating unit 8
Poly(vinyl alcohol) 7
Poly(vinylidene dichloride) 8
Poly(vinylidene difluoride) 8
Polyacrylonitrile 7
Polyalcohols, staining for TEM 249
Polyaldehydes, staining for TEM 249
Polyamide 8
Polyamide 6, crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Polyamide 6, maximum modulus 212
Polyamide 6, repeating unit 8
Polyamide 6,10, repeating unit 8
Polyamide 6,6, crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
| Polyamide 6,6, equilibrium melting data 173
Polyamide 6,6, supermolecular structure 155
Polyamides, etching techniques for electron microscopy 251
Polyamides, repeating unit 8
Polyamides, staining for TEM 249
Polybutadiene 4
Polydienes, staining for TEM 249
Polyethylene, Avrami exponent data 177 8
Polyethylene, crystal lamella, solution-grown 138 40
Polyethylene, crystal structure 133
Polyethylene, crystal structure, temperature dependence 134
Polyethylene, crystal structure, temperature dependence, crystallization kinetics data, LH Polyethylene, crystal structure, temperature dependence, theory 184—5
Polyethylene, elastic modulus as function of draw ratio 214
Polyethylene, energetic stress ratio 44
Polyethylene, equilibrium melting data 173
Polyethylene, etching techniques for electron microscopy 251
Polyethylene, heating rate dependence of melting point 227 228
Polyethylene, hexagonal phase 188
Polyethylene, history 16 17
Polyethylene, maximum modulus 212
Polyethylene, molecular fractionation 190 191 192
Polyethylene, polymerization 13
Polyethylene, preferred conformation 36
Polyethylene, Raman spectroscopy, crystal thickness 147
Polyethylene, repeating unit 7
Polyethylene, staining for TEM 249
Polyethylene, statistical weight matrix 29
Polyethylene, supermolecular structure 152 153 154 155
Polyethylene, transmission electron microscopy 252—3 254
Polyethyleneoxide, crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Polyethyleneoxide, equilibrium melting data 173
Polyethyleneoxide, repeating unit 8
Polyisoprene, repeating unit 7
Polyisoprene, tacticity 3
Polymer blends, electron microscopy 254—5
Polymer blends, glass transition temperatures 70 72
Polymer blends, infrared spectroscopy 71 72
Polymer blends, light scattering 70 72
Polymer blends, methods for the assessment of morphology 70—1
Polymer blends, molecular interpretation of miscibility 72
Polymer blends, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 71 72
Polymer blends, optical microscopy 71 72
Polymer blends, phase diagrams 72
Polymer blends, scanning electron microscopy 71 72
Polymer blends, small-angle X-ray scattering 70 72
Polymer blends, transmission electron microscopy 71 72
Polymer blends, turbidity measurements 70
Polymer blends, wide-angle X-ray scattering 70 72
Polymer crystallography 131 7
Polymer solutions, concentration regimes 65 6
Polymer solutions, dilute 65 66
Polymer solutions, general 58—68
Polymer solutions, semi-dilute 66
Polymer, definition 1
Polymer, names, source-based 6
Polymer, names, structure-based 6
Polymerization, anionic 13
Polymerization, cationic 13
Polymerization, chain-growth 12 13
Polymerization, coordination 13
Polymerization, definition 1
Polymerization, history 16—18
Polymerization, radical 12
Polymerization, step-growth 12
Polymethylmethyacrylate, etching techniques for electron microscopy 251
Polymethylmethyacrylate, relaxation behaviour 93 94
Polymethylmethyacrylate, repeating unit 7
Polymorphism, polyethylene 133
Polymorphism, polypropylene 133 134
Polyoxymethylene, crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Polyoxymethylene, equilibrium melting data 173
Polyoxymethylene, maximum modulus 212
Polyoxymethylene, preferred conformation 36
Polyoxymethylene, repeating unit 8
Polypropylene isotactic, cross-hatching 149
Polypropylene isotactic, crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Polypropylene isotactic, crystal structure 133 134
Polypropylene isotactic, equilibrium melting data 173
Polypropylene isotactic, etching techniques for electron microscopy 251
Polypropylene isotactic, infrared spectrum, conformational analysis 265—6
Polypropylene isotactic, maximum modulus 212
Polypropylene isotactic, preferred conformation 36
Polypropylene isotactic, staining for TEM 249
Polypropylene isotactic, supermolecular structure 155
Polypropylene, repeating unit 7
Polystyrene, glass transition temperature, molar mass dependence 81
Polystyrene, isotactic, crystal lamella, solution-grown 141
Polystyrene, isotactic, etching techniques for electron microscopy 251
Polystyrene, relaxation behaviour 95
Polystyrene, repeating unit 7
Polyvinylacetate, repeating unit 7
Polyvinylchloride, repeating unit 7
POM see Polyoxymethylene
PP see Polypropylene isotactic
Primary normal stress coefficient 100
PS see Polystyrene isotactic
Pseudoplastic liquid 101
PTFE see Poiytetrafluoroethylene
PVAc see Polyvinylacetate repeating
PVAL see Poly(vinyl alcohol)
PVC see Polyvinylchloride repeating
PVDC see Poly(vinylidene dichloride)
PVDF see Poly(vinylidene difluoride)
Racemic dyad 3
Radius of gyration, definition 21
Raman spectroscopy, chemical structure analysis 264
Raman spectroscopy, crystal thickness 147
Raman spectroscopy, fundamentals 260 261
Raman spectroscopy, sample preparation 263 4
Random chain see Gaussian chain
Random lamellar structure 154
Random switch-board model 145
Random-flight analysis 33 5
Reciprocal space 135—6
Regular solution model, general 55—8
Regular solution model, mixing enthalpy 56
Regular solution model, mixing entropy 56
Regular solution model, upper critical solution temperature 58 62
Relaxation processes, molecular interpretation 93—5
Relaxation processes, semicrystalline polymers 162—4
Relaxation time spectrum 92
Relaxation time, Arrhenius temperature dependence 93
Relaxation time, dielectric measurements 225 226
Relaxation time, Maxwell model 91
Relaxation time, melts, according to reptation theory 108
Relaxation time, melts, molar mass dependence 105—6
Relaxation time, terminal 104
Reptation model 107 9
Retardation time, Voigt — Kelvin model 91
Rheology, definition 99
Rheology, liquid-crystalline polymers 121 3
Rheology, methods for assessment of properties 104 5
Rheopexi 102
Rotational isomeric state approximation 19—20
Rotational partitioning function 27
Rouse model 107
Row-nucleated structure 154
Rubber elastic theory, history 16
Rubber elasticity, statistical mechanical theory 44 8
Rubber-plateau 14
Rubbers, energetic stress ratio 43 44
Rubbers, structure 41
Rubbers, swelling in solvents 48
Rubbers, thermo-elastic behaviour 41
Rubbers, thermodynamics 41 4
Ruthenium tetroxide, staining 248 249
Sadler — Gilmer theory 186—8
SALS see Small-angle light scattering
SAXS see Small-angle X-ray scattering
Scanning electron microscopy, depth of field 245
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