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Watkinson J. — An Introduction to Digital Audio
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Íàçâàíèå: An Introduction to Digital AudioÀâòîð: Watkinson J. Àííîòàöèÿ: Master the basics from first principles: the physics of sound, principles of hearing etc, then progress onward to fundamental digital principles, conversion, compression and coding and then onto transmission, digital audio workstations, DAT and optical disks. Get up to speed with how digital audio is used within DVD, Digital Audio Broadcasting, networked audio and MPEG transport streams.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Òåõíîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1994Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 392Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 13.12.2005Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
4/5 code 170—171 8 mm rotary format 266 8/10 group code 173—176 216 261 285 Absolute accuracy, converters 77 accumulators 92 ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) 8 10 15 56—59 247 320—321 AES (Audio Engineering Society) and MADI 236—241 AES (Audio Engineering Society), AES/EBU interface 168 178 179 221—225 307 AES (Audio Engineering Society), AES11-1991 238 AES (Audio Engineering Society), AES18-1992 236 AES (Audio Engineering Society), AES3-1985 222 AES (Audio Engineering Society), AES3-1992 222 225 227—228 AES (Audio Engineering Society), capacitance 141 AES (Audio Engineering Society), code 191 192 AGC (automatic gain control) system 146 261 294 Airy distribution 347—350 Aliasing 28—31 33 77 Analog audio 1 27—28 Analog dither 51 Analog filters 34 66 100 Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) 8 10 15 56—59 247 320—321 AND gates 88 Antennae 23 Anti-aliasing filters 31 33 34 46 65—66 Anti-image filters 29 Aperture effect 40—42 Area-divided track following (ATF) 258 260 262 Asynchronous operation 244—245 ATF (area-divided track following) 258 260 262 ATRAC 331 369 Attenuation 92 110 Audio delay 9 Audio Engineering Society see "AES" Automatic gain control (AGC) system 146 261 294 Azimuth error 150 Azimuth recording 149—150 173—174 254 Bandwidth 2 27 31 63 Bandwidth, analog cables 322 Bandwidth, MADI 236 Bandwidth, multitrack recorders 266 Bartlett windows 108 109 BBC, AES/EBU interface 221 222 BCD (binary-coded decimal) numbers 314 315 BER (bit error rate) 180 181 184 Bessel filters 70 Bi-phase mark code 168 Binary system 3—5 42 54 81 88 182 Binary-coded decimal (BCD) numbers 314 315 Birdsinging 46 Bit allocation 136 232 bit error rate (BER) 180 181 184 190 Bit errors 12 184 189 bit rates 141 bits 3 4 171 Block interleaving 207 210 Brick-wall filters 32 Broadcasting, channel coding 16 Broadcasting, magnetic disc applications 309 Burst errors 12 15 191 205—207 215 373 bytes 3 4 Cable transmission 164 Capacitance 141 Capacitive coupling, converters 78 capacitors 140 141 Cassettes, RDAT 250—254 CD-ROM (Compact Disc read-only memory) 6 CdS see "Compact Discs" Channel bits 357—364 Channel coding 16 22 160—163 278 Channel coding, Compact Discs 355—364 Channel coding, DASH 158 278 Channel coding, MiniDiscs 355—364 Channel coding, RDAT 173—176 Channel status, consumer format 227 231—235 Channel status, professional format 227—232 Channels 139—143 Check word enable (CWE) 189—190 Clock jitter 37—40 77 Clocks, frequency 5 Clocks, reclocking 5 86 87 140 Clocks, self-clocking 140 159 160 164 168 222 CLV (constant linear velocity) 353 355 Code rate 168 codecs 17 132 Codewords 181 184—191 202 312—313 373 Codewords, DASH 273 Codewords, DCC 285 Coding delay 181 Compact Cassette 251—253 281 378 Compact discs (CDs) 6 12 27 40 328—329 350—378 Compact Discs (CDs), channel code 355—364 Compact Discs (CDs), compared with MiniDiscs 331 Compact Discs (CDs), disk construction 332—333 Compact Discs (CDs), EFM code 171 357 360 Compact Discs (CDs), error correction 364—368 Compact Discs (CDs), interleaving 212 Compact Discs (CDs), mastering 248 320—322 351 354 Compact Discs (CDs), players 369—378 Compact Discs (CDs), production 350—354 Compact Discs (CDs), readout 150 345—350 Compact Discs (CDs), recordable (CD-Rs) 152 329 Compact Discs (CDs), sampling rate 37 Comparators 57 Composite digital format 247 Concealment, by interpolation 181—182 Conductors 141 142 Confidence replay 15 216 Constant Linear Velocity (CLV) 353 355 Consumer equipment 24 35 40 224 376 Consumer equipment, cost 249 Consumer equipment, RDAT 254 Consumer equipment, SPDIF interface 221 Control track, DASH 271—273 Conversion 28 converters 6 19 59—61 see "DAC" Converters, errors 74—77 Converters, inboard 244 Converters, outboard 244 Converters, quality 74—78 Convolutional interleaving 207—210 212 279 368 copying 6 Corrector of errors 191 194 198 205 Costs and sale volumes 24 Costs of digital audio 2 6 7 249 CRC (cyclic redundancy check) codes 189—192 276—277 Cross-interleaving 210 212 365—368 372 Cross-interleaving, DASH 273—276 279 280 crossfading 217 218 274 319 321 Crossfading in editing 312 314 Crosstalk 39 150 174 180 254 Crosstalk, optical disks 339 Crosstalk, stationary heads 268 Curie temperature 153 330 331 Cyclic codes 185—190 Cyclic codes, applications 191 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes 189—192 276—277 DAB (digital audio broadcasting) 6 16 37 132 180 DAC (digital-to-analog conversion) 8 40 54—56 247 320 Damping 127—128 DARS (digital audio reference signal) 12 DASH (digital audio stationary head) 268—270 DASH (digital audio stationary head), coding 158 278 DASH (digital audio stationary head), confidence replay 15 37 148 216 DASH (digital audio stationary head), control track 271—273 DASH (digital audio stationary head), data block contents 276—278 DASH (digital audio stationary head), error correction 273 278—280 DASH (digital audio stationary head), interleaving 212 273 279 280 DASH (digital audio stationary head), redundancy in 273—276 DASH (digital audio stationary head), sampling rate 271 DASH (digital audio stationary head), splice handling 281 data rate 10 12 17 Date reduction 16—18 23 131—133 333 Date separators/separation 16 21 22 145 162 265 370—372 Date transfers 303 304 DCC (Digital Compact Cassette) 16 22 23 132 148 281—288 DCC (Digital Compact Cassette), cassettes 281 DCC (Digital Compact Cassette), error correction 285—288 DCC (Digital Compact Cassette), interleaving 285—288 DCTs (discrete cosine transforms) 134 DDS (Digital Date Storage) 6 De-interleaving 15 19 21 22 211 257 274 Decimal system 3 88 Decimators 65 66 72 Defect handling, magnetic disk drives 305 Delta modulation 59—61 Density ratio (DR) 163 268 deserializing 176—177 222 358—359 Detents, magnetic disks 158 159 170 176 296 DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) 103 DFT (discrete frequency transform) 134 Dielectric loss 141—142 Differential non-linearity, converters 76 Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) 59 Differentiation 91 92 Digital audio broadcasting (DAB) 6 16 37 132 180 Digital audio reference signal (DARS) 12 Digital audio stationary head see "DASH" Digital audio, advantages 5—7 Digital audio, broadcasting 23 Digital audio, defined 1—2 Digital audio, potential 23—25 Digital audio, processes 7—8 Digital Compact Cassette see "DCC" Digital Date Storage (DDS) 6 Digital filters 98—103 Digital logic 86—92 Digital mixing 92—98 Digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs) 127—128 Digital signal processors (DSPs) 98 116 Digital sum value (DSV) 171 174 175 176 362 Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) 8 40 54—56 247 320 Discrete cosine transforms (DCTs) 134 Discrete Fourier transform (DVT) 103 Discrete frequency transform (DFT) 134 disk controllers 302—305 Dither 47—54 Dither, analog 51 Dither, digital 48—54 Dither, Gaussian 52 Dither, non-subtractive 48 54 Dither, optical disk tracking 343 344 Dither, rectangular probability 52 53 Dither, square wave 74 Dither, triangular p.d.f. 52 53 Dither, wideband 49 DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) 59 DPLLs (digital phase-locked loops) 127—128 DR (density ratio) 163 268 Dropout, control track 273 274 Dropout, tapes 249 262 DSPs (digital signal processors) 98 116 DSV (digital sum value) 171 174—176 362 Duodecimal system 3 DVTRs (digital video tape recorders) 37 Dynamic element matching 70 Ear 26 131 EBU see "European Broadcasting Union" Echo effects 116 117 Edit decision list (EDL) 310 318—319 Edit point 314—319 editing 24 310 311—327 Editing in open-reel digital recorders 324 Editing in RDAT 322—324 Editing on recording media 312—313 Editing with disk drives 318—320 Editing, interleaved recordings 216—219 Editing, jump editing 324—327 Editing, locating edit point 314—318 Editing, random access media 311—312 Editing, structure of editor 313—314 EDL (edit decision list) 310 318—319 EFM (eight-to-fourteen modulation) code 171—173 179 357 360 368 373 EIAJ format 249 Eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM) code 171—173 179 357 360 368 373 Electromagnetic energy 140 Electromagnetic interference 180 Embedded-servo technique 298 299 302 Entropy, perceptual 131 Equalization 163 168 171 223 294 Erasure of errors 150 191 204—205 278 294 Error bursts 180 Error correction 6 12—15 19 181 184 187 231 Error correction, by erasure 150 191 204—205 278 294 Error correction, Compact Discs 364—368 Error correction, DASH 273 278—280 Error correction, DCC 285—288 Error correction, MiniDiscs 368 Error correction, RDAT 212—216 257 Error flags 212 216 278 373 Error syndromes 186 Errors see also "Error correction" Errors, concealment 12—15 Errors, erasure 150 191 204—205 278 294 Errors, mechanisms 180—181 Errors, quantizing 42—48 Errors, random 180 European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 79 265 314 see External reference locking 12 Eye patterns 158—160 223 243 Fairchild, 9401 chip 189 Faraday effect 153 Figure of merit (FoM) 163 168 174 Filters 163 Filters, analog 34 66 100 Filters, anti-aliasing 31 33 34 46 65—66 Filters, anti-image 29 Filters, brick-wall filters 32 Filters, design 33—35 Filters, digital 98—103 Filters, finite-impulse response (FIR) 105—113 119—121 Filters, infinite-impulse response (IIR) 105—113 Filters, low-pass 29 31—34 104 119 120 Filters, passive 35 Filters, phase-linear 99—100 Filters, programmable 109 Filters, reconstruction 29 31—34 36 105 111 124 Filters, recursive 105 111 Filters, switched capacitor 100 103 Finite-impulse response (FIR) filters 105—113 FIR (finite-impulse response) filters 105—113 Flash converters 57 63 floppy disks 290 333 Flutter 2 6 130 257 371 Flying head 292—293 FM see "Frequency modulation" Focussing, optical disks 339—344 FoM (figure of merit) 163 168 174 Fourier transforms 103 Fractional-ratio conversion 118 124—125 127 Frame structure 224—226 Frame structure, AES/EBU 225—226 Frame structure, MADI 237 Frequency bins 135 Frequency modulation (FM) 165 168 222 Frequency modulation (FM), channel code 271 Frequency response, filters 109 110 frequency shift keying (FSK) 19 164 165 248 FSK (frequency shift keying) 19 164 165 248 Full adder circuits 92 Gain error, converters 74
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