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Smil V. — The Earth's biosphere: evolution, dynamics, and change
Îáñóäèòå êíèãó íà íàó÷íîì ôîðóìå Íàøëè îïå÷àòêó?
Íàçâàíèå: The Earth's biosphere: evolution, dynamics, and changeÀâòîð: Smil V. Àííîòàöèÿ: Smil, in a presentation marked by balance and clarity, synthesizes the field of science dealing with the biosphere. It is an interdisciplinary one, combining organic chemistry, geology, solar physics, microbiology, zoology, and more. Whatever characteristics the biosphere displays on a global scale depend on living matter's fundamental chemistry, so Smil diagrams the structural backbone of cells — molecules such as cellulose or DNA. Moving next through types of metabolism, such as the ATP cycle, Smil explains the resultant chemical products and how they become fixed or cycled through the ground, water, or atmosphere. Addressing concerns about human influences on the biosphere, Smil describes them, but he is a scientist to the core (at the University of Manitoba) and is hesitant to proclaim doom as the certain outcome. That scientific humility only enhances Smil's work. A superior, comprehensive survey.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Áèîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2002Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 346Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 11.12.2005Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Impacts 48—49 91—93 Inclination 46 India 254 261 Insects 87—88 161—162 174 IPCC 23 254 Iron (Fe) 28 65 142 151 153—154 Iron (Fe) fertilization 153—154 Iron (Fe) in the ocean 150—151 Iron (Fe), Banded Iron Formations (BIF) 50 131 Irrigation 246 Karst 169 Kerogens 131 Krakatau 90 121 Kuiper belt 266 La Nina 127 Lake Vostok 176 Lakes 126 128 178 250 Land cover 237—238 Land, agricultural 184 186—187 Land, use changes 239—240 Law, 3/4 200—201 Law, Kleiber's 201 203 Law, Moore's 269 Law, Planck's 100 Law, Stephan — Boltzman's 98 Law, Wien's 100 Lead (Pb) 14 46^7 Leaf area index (LAI) 194—195 Legumes 221 248 Lichens 224—225 Life 27—41 229—230 275 Life and size 12 276 Life in the ocean 162—169 Life, attributes of 11—12 Life, biochemistry of 30—38 Life, carbon-based 28—30 Life, classification of 39 80—86 Life, definitions of 12 25 Life, evolution of 9 51—62 269 Life, extent of 155—178 Life, extraterrestrial 52 58—60 62 Life, handedness of 34 Life, inevitability of 59—60 Life, limits of 8 155—178 Life, origin of 51—58 Life, prerequisites of 41—46 Life, probabilities of 58—62 Life, quality of 261 Life, subterranean 53 169—172 184—185 194 196 Life, tree of 80—86 Life, uniqueness of 60—61 Lightning 128 Lignin 131 137 147 257 Limestone See Carbonate calcium Lipids 30—32 37 Lithosphere 117 Lithotrophs 65 Litter 196 Local Bubble 42 luminosity 43 45 49 98—99 111 114 Machines 269—271 Magnesite 137 Magnesium (Mg) 28 146 Mammals 87 93 136 166—169 177 185—186 192 200—204 208—209 216 Mammals in the ocean 166—169 MARS 42 45 107 Martian 52 60 Mauna Loa 15 16 136 234 Mediterranean 209—210 240 242—243 Metabolism 39 41 64—80 Metabolism, autotrophic 65—74 Metabolism, chemolithotrophic 74—76 Metabolism, heterotrophic 76—80 Meteorites 34 39 52 54 Methane 26 29 50 76—77 89 103 107 111 166 229 231 236 254 255 Methane 135—137 Methanogens 57—58 76—77 Methionine 29 Mexico 88 161 240 Microchips 269—270 Microcosms 227 Microfossils 56 58 Microscopes 39 Migrations 159—160 Milky Way 27 Mississippi 243 247 249 Mitochondria 39—41 202 224 Mixotrophs 7 Molecules 28—38 Molybdenum (Mo) 28 Monomers 31 37 Monosaccharides 76 Moon 17—18 49 265 Moths 162 Mount Everest 159 161 180 Mount Pinatubo 143 Mount Saint Helens 143 MUDs 141 162 172 Mutualism 220—225 Mycorrhizae 221 225 Namib 212 Nanobacteria 39 NASA 20 60 101 NDVI 189—190 Nimbus 18 96 101 Ningxia 19 Nitrate 65 76 140—141 233 248—249 Nitrate sodium 248 Nitrification 75—76 140 Nitrite 65 Nitrogen 17 28 49 123 136—141 232 Nitrogen biofrxation 248 Nitrogen cycle 17 28 49 123 136—141 Nitrogen fixation 67 137—140 248—249 Nitrogen oxides 233—234 248—249 Nitrogen, anthropogenic 248—249 Nitrogenase 139 Noosphere 12—13 25 266 nucleotides 31—34 37 83 Nucleus 39—40 Nutrients 241 Ocean 20 47—49 109 116—119 123—128 156 162—169 230 253 Ocean Atlantic 121 125—127 188 254 263 Ocean cataracts 127 Ocean circulation 126—127 263 Ocean euphotic layer 163 Ocean floor 116—117 Ocean Indian 126—127 242 254 Ocean level 20 128 Ocean life 162—169 Ocean littoral 218 Ocean pelagic 219 Ocean ridges 48—49 53 116—117 134 143 147 Ocean, abyssal 162—164 211 219 Ocean, benthic 164 219 Ocean, iron in 153—154 OceanPacific 85 118—119 126—128 133 143 153 157 165—166 171 185 211 241 Omnivores 78 Oort Cloud 42 266 OPEC 22 Orbits 42 44 45 Organotrophs 65 ORNL 191—192 Ostracoderms 80 Oxides 137 140 Oxides ferric (FeO) 50 Oxides ferrous 50 Oxides nitrogen 233—234 248—249 Oxides nitrous 26 76 103 107 140 229 236 Oxygen 6—7 10 11 18 28 41 71 131 140 159 167 253 255 Oxygen in combustion 233 Oxygen in photosynthesis 65—67 69 71 Oxygen, evolution of 50—51 Ozone 23—24 50 55 100 103 107 229 234 237—238 Pangea 108 120—121 Panspermia 51 157 Pastures 240 Penguins 168 260 Peptidoglycan 40 257 Periods Cambrian 58 64 68 131 Periods Cretaceous 69 80 88 90 92—93 Periods Devonian 68—69 80 131 Periods Miocene 108 Periods Ordovician 80 Permian 90 Pesticides 14 22 Ph 108 173 177 179—180 234 255 Phloem 68 196 Phosphates 37—38 54 147—148 250—251 Phosphoras (P) 28—29 51 112 147—149 250—251 Phosphoras (P) cycle 147—149 Phosphorites 64 Photoautrophs 56 Photosphere 98 Photosynthesis 7 19—20 56 65—74 114—116 163 Photosynthesis, 71 Photosynthesis, 71 73—74 Photosynthesis, 72—74 Photosynthesis, CAM 74 Photosynthesis, carbon in 69 71—72 Photosynthesis, efficiency of 71 73 115—116 Photosynthesis, water in 65 71 115 Phototrophs 65 Phytogeny 54—55 70 83—86 Phytomass 7—9 141 181—187 193—197 215 243 Phytoplankton 100 133 145 153 163 182 188 194—195 206 209 219 247 Planetesimals 47 Planets, extrasolar 6 Planets, habitable 42—46 59 Planets, mass of 44 Plants 67—70 87 112 139 183 230 Plants, 71 73—74 Plants, 71—74 Plants, evolution of 67—70 Plants, productivity of 187—192 225—227 240—241 Plants, scaling of 203—206 Plastids 69 224 Plates, tectonic 17 96 116—119 134 147 156 Pollinators 222 Polymers 31 37 Polypeptides 33—36 53 Population, global 264 Potassium (K) 28 117 146 Precipitation 127—130 254—255 Primates 187 Productivity and diversity 225—227 Productivity, gross primary (GPP) 182 189 240 Productivity, models of 190—191 Productivity, net ecosystem (NEP) 183 226 Productivity, net primary (NPP) 133 140 182—183 187—192 208 212 214 217 218 222 240—241 249 285—286 Productivity, primary 187—192 Productivity, secondary 192—193 Prokaryotes 39—41 54—55 66—67 80 86—87 156 169—180 224 Prokaryotes, acidophilic 177—180 Prokaryotes, alkaliphilic 178 Prokaryotes, biomass 196 Prokaryotes, extremophilic 169—180 194 211—213 Prokaryotes, halophilic 179 Prokaryotes, subterranean 184—185 194 196 Prokaryotes, thermophilic 54 173—174 Proteins 28 30—31 33—34 36—39 56 141 174—176 Proteins, antifreeze 175—176 Proteins, structure of 35—37 Proteome 37 Proteostomes 80 Protists 67 208 218 222 224 Radiation spectrum 99—101 Radiation, forcing 236—237 254 Radiation, infrared (IR) 100—101 104—105 107 109 128 176 Radiation, photosynthetically active (PAR) 115 191 208 Radiation, solar 6—8 44 65 96 95—102 110—116 144 264 Radiation, ultraviolet (UV) 25 51 99—100 103 104 155 157 159 229 232 Radiation, visible 101 103 Radiometers, AVHRR 20—21 Radiometers, CZCS 20 190—191 Rate, basal metabolic (BMR) 200—201 203—205 Rate, field metabolic (FMR) 202 recycling 25 48 119 124 134—135 248 Red giant 43 Reefs, coral 163 211 218—219 225 Reservoirs 124—130 246 Respiration, autotrophic 182 189 Respiration, heterotrophic 182 Ribose 54 Ribosomes 34 38—39 82—83 Ribosomes, SSU 34 84 Rivers 130 146—147 246—247 RNA 29 32—34 37 47 53—56 78 80—86 127 147 RNA messenger (mRNA) 34 RNA polymerase 33—34 40 85 RNA World 54 RNA, ribosome (rRNA) 68 81—86 RNA, sequencing of 40 80 85 Rocks 48 50 55—56 66 111 118 133—134 Rodents 88 161 201 203 174 213 223 243 Rodinia 119 Rotation 42 44 Rubisco 69 71—73 Sahara 25 159 174 190 Sahel 20 239—240 San Francisco 173 243 Satellites 15 18—22 102 106 Satellites, CERES 106 Satellites, ERBE 106 Satellites, IKONOS 20 Satellites, LANDSAT 19—20 189 Satellites, SPOT 20 189 Satellites, Terra 20 22 Satellites, TIROS 15 18 21 Savanna 217 227 240 Scaling 199—207 Scaling of organisms 199—207 Scaling, density 205—207 Scaling, ecological 202 Scaling, explanations of 203—205 SCEP 22 Sediments 147—148 230 Serengeti 218 Services, biospheric 256—259 Seveso 22 shells 150 Silica 146 150 154 Silicates 133—134 150—152 247 Silicates calcium 133 150 Silicon (Si) 150—152 Silting 246 Sloths 202 Smog 23 Sodium (Na) 28 146 SOHO 96—97 Soils 50—51 85 112 143 169—171 223 Soils, bacteria in 170 184—185 193 Soils, carbon in 131—137 Soils, erosion of 146—147 241 Soils, horizons 70 Soils, organisms in 170 197 Solfataras 75 172 Sponges 64 67 80 164 Stars 42 43 45 96—102 Stars, Hertzsprang — Russel diagram 96 98
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