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Авторизация |
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Shafer G., Vovk V. — Probability and finance |
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Предметный указатель |
Gambling system impossibility of 2
Game Blackwell 97
Game determined 96
Game market 20
Game of belief 19
Game of statistical regularity 19
Game probability 9 185
Game securities market 353
Game terminating 10
Game tree 96
Game upper forecasting 72
Game-theoretic differential equation for diffusion process 338
Game-theoretic differential equation for drift and volatility 336
Game-theoretic differential equation for volatility 336
GARCH model 230
Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777—1855) Gaussian distribution 143 165
Geometric Brownian motion 25 207
Girsanov, Igor V. (died 1967) Girsanov's theorem 235
Gnedenko, Boris (1912—1995) history of stable laws 311
Gnedenko, Boris (1912—1995) infinite divisibility 313
Godel, Kurt (1906—1978) Menger's seminar 197
Governed by, game-theoretic meaning 182 338
Greatest lower semicontinuous minorant 138
Hardy, Godfrey H. (1877—1947) strong law 119
Hausdorff, Felix (1868—1942) probability notation 41
Hausdorff, Felix (1868—1942) strong law 118
Heat equation 128 130 221
Hedging delta 221
Hedging dynamic 4
Hedging in the mean 24
Hedging upper and lower prices 13
Hedging vega 229
Hilbert, David (1862—1943) mathematical problems 35
Hilbert, David (1862—1943) philosophy of mathematics 45
Historic volatility 229
Holder's inequality 245
Holder, Ludwig Otto (1859—1937) Holder exponent 211
Holder, Ludwig Otto (1859—1937) Holder exponent in continuous time 274
Holtzmark distribution 312
Horizon finite or infinite 10
Horse races 359
Huygens, Christiaan (1629—1695) simplified Pascal's argument 31
Hyperreal number 272 284
Implied volatility 229
Impossibility of a gambling system 2
Impossibility practical 17
Independence 40
Indicator variable 15
Inequality Holder's 245
Inequality Jensen's 245
Infinitely divisible law 312
Infinitely large 284
Infinitesimal 284
Initial situation 66
integral 340
Interest rate nonzero 294
Interest rate zero 5
Internal measure 291
Internal object 290
Intrinsic move 322
Intrinsic strategy 322
Investor as Player I 4 217
Ionescu-Tulcea, Cassius (born 1923) Ionescu-Tulcea's theorem 181
Iowa Electronic Markets 71
Ito, Kiyosi (born 1915) Ito processes 206
Ito, Kiyosi (born 1915) lemma 232 340
Ito, Kiyosi (born 1915) photograph 231
Jensen's inequality 245
Joint hypothesis problem 228
Jordan, Camille (1838—1922) measure theory 36
Jumps in price processes 303
Kawada, Takayuki strong variation exponent 290
Kelvin William Thomson (1824—1907) statistical physics 35
Khinchin, Aleksandr (1894—1959) definition of stable law 311
Khinchin, Aleksandr (1894—1959) iterated logarithm 99 119
Khinchin, Aleksandr (1894—1959) Levy — Khinchin formula 312
Khinchin, Aleksandr (1894—1959) photograph 99
Klingenhofer, Frank pathwise stochastic integration 349
Kollektiv 46
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) axioms 40
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) counterexample to strong law 88
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) Grundbegriffe 39 45
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) infinitely divisible laws 312
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) iterated logarithm 99 119
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) Kolmogorov complexity 46 50
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) philosophy of probability 43
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) photograph 39 75
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) probability before 30
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) sixth axiom 41
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903—1987) strong law 75
Kono, Norio (born 1940) strong variation exponent 290
Lacroix, Sylvestre Francois (1765—1843) gambling systems 49
Lacroix, Sylvestre Francois (1765—1843) martingales 51
Laplace, Pierre Simon 1749—1827
Laplace, Pierre Simon Gaussian distribution 165
Laplace, Pierre Simon heat equation 129
Laplace, Pierre Simon photograph 165
Laplace, Pierre Simon Theorie analytique des probabilites 33
Lateral boundary 136
Law of iterated expectation 185
Law of Large Numbers 33
Law of large numbers strong 66
Law of large numbers strong for a securities market 356
Law of large numbers weak 38
Law of large numbers weak for a securities market 364
Law of the iterated logarithm 38 99
Law of the iterated logarithm for a securities market 363
Law of the iterated logarithm fuzzy 364
Law of the iterated logarithm sharpness 100 102
Law of the iterated logarithm validity 100 102
LEAPS 252
Least supermarket majorant 331
Least superparabolic majorant 138
Lebesgue, Henri (1875—1941) Lebesgue -algebra 41
Lebesgue, Henri (1875—1941) Lebesgue set 41
Lebesgue, Henri (1875—1941) measure theory 36
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646—1716) differentiation rule for integrals 129
Lepinglc, Dominique (born 1943) strong variation 290
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) abstract probability 38
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) Borel — Cantelli — Levy lemma 88
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) continuous Levy process 316
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) Cournot's bridge 44—45 60
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) dependent variables 54
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) formula 312
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) infinitely divisible laws 312
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) Levy measure 312
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) Levy process 313
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) Levy — Khinchin formula 312
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) Lindeberg's theorem 166
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) photograph 54
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) resistance to Kolmogorov's framework 42
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) revival of probability 35
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) stable laws 311
Levy, Paul (1886—1971) stable Levy process 315
LIFFE 264
Likelihood 192
Likelihood partial 192
Lindeberg, Jarl Waldemar (1876—1932) condition 153
Lindeberg, Jarl Waldemar (1876—1932) method of proof 131 165
Lindeberg, Jarl Waldemar (1876—1932) photograph 147
Lindeberg, Jarl Waldemar (1876—1932) protocol 148
Lindeberg, Jarl Waldemar (1876—1932) theorem 153
Lipschitzian function definition 244
Liptser, Robert S. (born 1936) Kolmogorov's strong law 84
Littlewood, John E. (1885—1977) strong law 119
Loeb, Peter A. (born 1937) Loeb measure 291
Log-Gaussian model 207
Log-likelihood 192
Log-likelihood partial 192
Log-Lipschitzian 260
| Long-term options 252
Los, Jerzy (born 1920) ultraproduct 286
Lower boundary 136
Lower price 13 151
Lower probability 15
Lower semicontinuous smoothing 138
Lower variance 14 152
Lyapunov, Alexander(1857—1918) central limit theorem 162 165
Lyapunov, Alexander(1857—1918) condition 162
Mandelbrot, Benoit (born 1924) alternatives to the normal 208
Mandelbrot, Benoit (born 1924) observed variation spectra 253
Mandelbrot, Benoit (born 1924) photograph 207
Manipulation 226
Market as Player II 4 217
Market function 332
Market game 20
Market move 322
Market portfolio 355
Market price of risk 236
Market protocol 319
Market unit 352
Market Volatility Index (VIX) 230
Markov, Andrei A. (1856—1922) central limit theorem 165
Markov, Andrei A. (1856—1922) dependent variables 54
Markov, Andrei A. (1856—1922) revival of probability 35
Markowitz, Harry (born 1927) portfolio selection 199
Martin's theorem 76 88 94 96
Martin, Donald A. (born 1940) Blackwell games 97
Martin, Donald A. (born 1940) determinate games 96
Martin, Donald A. (born 1940) photograph 94
Martin-Lof, Per (born 1942) collectives 48
Martin-Lof, Per (born 1942) random sequences 50
Martingale 51
Martingale approximate 129
Martingale bounded forecasting 67
Martingale convergence theorem 81
Martingale gambling system 51
Martingale game-theoretic definition 53 91 188
Martingale measure-theoretic definition 55 170
Martingale scaled 174
Martingale strong law of large numbers 90
Martingale transformation 173
Martingale Ville's definition 52
Martingale witnessing 173
Material implication 79
Maxwell, James Clerk (1831—1879) statistical physics 35
Measurable 169
Measure internal 291
Measure Loeb 291
Measure nonstandard 291
Measure probability 41
Measure theory advent of 35
Measure theory equally likely cases 34
Measure theory foundation for probability 39
Measure zero 36
Measuring instruments ideal and of the first kind 190
Menger, Karl (1902—1985) seminar 197
Mercurio, Fabio discrete hedging 258
Merton, Robert C. (born 1944) Black-Scholes formula 215
Merton, Robert C. (born 1944) dynamic hedging 60
Merton, Robert C. (born 1944) photograph 293
Meyer, Paul-Andre (born 1934) change of time 306
Meyer, Paul-Andre (born 1934) general theory of stochastic processes 315
Mikosch, Thomas (born 1955) pathwise stochastic integration 349
Mill, John Stuart (1806—1873) probability frequency 34
Modulus of continuity 140
Montmort, Pierre de (1678—1719) used Fermat's and Pascal's methods 32
MOST 283
Mutual funds success over time 365
Mutual funds tracking 358
Natural numbers 283
Neuberger, Anthony (born 1951) remaining variance 349
Neutral forecasting strategy 178
Nonstandard analysis 26
Nonstandard function 273
Nonstandard function continuous 273 286
Nonstandard function relatively continuous 275 286
Nonstandard function strictly positive 275
Nonstandard measure 291
Nonstandard number 272
Norvaisa, Rimas (born 1956) pathwise stochastic integration 349
Number hyperreal 272 284
Number nonstandard 272
Numeraire 6
Open interest 371
Opening Market 353
Option 23
Option American 317
Option European 216
Option exotic 323
Option long-term 252
Option passive 322
Optional quadratic variation 340
Oracular prices 256
Osborne, M.F. Maury (born 1916) log-Gaussian model 207
p-variation 209 274
Papangelou, Fredos (born 1939) change of time 306
Parabolic equation 221
Parabolic function 138
Parabolic fundamental convergence theorem 139
Parabolic measure 136
Parabolic Poisson integral 138
Paris, Jeff (born 1941) determinate games 97
Partial log-likelihood 192
Pascal, Blaise (1623—1662) dynamic hedging 30 60
Pascal, Blaise (1623—1662) photograph 30
Passive financial instrument 322
Path 9 66 90 149 183
Path begin 66
Path for market protocol 319
Path go through situation 149
Path in game tree 96
Path unbounded forecasting 81
Payoff basic 110
Payoff market protocol 319
Payoff of martingale 110
Perfect set 98
Perfect trader option 323
Poincare, Henri (1854—1912) revival of probability 35
Poincare, Henri (1854—1912) three body problem 36
Poisson, Simeon-Denis (1781—1840) Poisson distribution 303
Poisson, Simeon-Denis (1781—1840) Poisson integral 142
Poisson, Simeon-Denis (1781—1840) protocol 304 306
Poisson, Simeon-Denis (1781—1840) subjective and objective probability 34
Polya, Georg (1887—1985) central limit theorem 165
Popper, Karl (1902—1994) collectives 47
Popper, Karl (1902—1994) propensities 22
Port Royal Logic 32
Portfolio arbitrage 355
Portfolio equivalent 355
Possibility 33
Potentiality 46
Practical certainty and impossibility game-theoretic meaning 17
Predictable 169
Predictable process 169
Predictable quadratic variation 340
Predictably unbounded forecasting protocol 102
Prequential principle 8 58
Price 14
Price almost sure 344
Price exact 14 151 184
Price in situation 151
Price lower 13 151 184
Price strong 328
Price upper 12 151 184
Price weak 328
Probability classical 33
Probability conditional 42
probability distribution 41
Probability distribution positive 178
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